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94 results on '"Horansky, Robert"'

1. High-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy with a microwave-multiplexed transition-edge sensor array

Author

Noroozian, Omid, Mates, John A. B., Bennett, Douglas A., Brevik, Justus A., Fowler, Joseph W., Gao, Jiansong, Hilton, Gene C., Horansky, Robert D., Irwin, Kent D., Kang, Zhao, Schmidt, Daniel R., Vale, Leila R., and Ullom, Joel N.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We demonstrate very high resolution photon spectroscopy with a microwave-multiplexed two-pixel transition-edge sensor (TES) array. We measured a $^{153}$Gd photon source and achieved an energy resolution of 63 eV full-width-at-half-maximum at 97 keV and an equivalent readout system noise of 86 pA/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ at the TES. The readout circuit consists of superconducting microwave resonators coupled to radio-frequency superconducting-quantum-interference-devices (SQUID) and transduces changes in input current to changes in phase of a microwave signal. We use flux-ramp modulation to linearize the response and evade low-frequency noise. This demonstration establishes one path for the readout of cryogenic X-ray and gamma-ray sensor arrays with more than $10^3$ elements and spectral resolving powers $R=\lambda/\Delta\lambda > 10^3$., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Applied Physics Letters, Vol 103, Issue 20, on 11-Nov-2013

Published
2013
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8. Characterizing LTE user equipment emissions

Author

Coder, Jason, primary, Wunderlich, Adam, additional, Frey, Michael, additional, Blanchard, Paul, additional, Kuester, Daniel, additional, Kord, Azizollah, additional, Lees, Max, additional, Sanders, Aric, additional, Splett, Jolene, additional, Koepke, Lucas, additional, Horansky, Robert, additional, McGillivray, Duncan, additional, Ladbury, John, additional, Correia, Jeffrey, additional, Ramaswamy, Venkatesh, additional, Fevold, Jerediah, additional, Lefebre, Shawn, additional, Johnson, Jacob, additional, Carpenter, John, additional, Lofquist, Mark, additional, and Hartley, Keith, additional

Published
2019
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12. A Preliminary Study on Uncertainty of NB-IoT Measurements in Reverberation Chambers

Author

Hubrechsen, A., Neylon, Vincent T., Remley, Kate A., Jones, Robert D., Horansky, Robert D., Bronckers, L.A. (Sander), Hubrechsen, A., Neylon, Vincent T., Remley, Kate A., Jones, Robert D., Horansky, Robert D., and Bronckers, L.A. (Sander)

Abstract

New protocols related to internet-of-things applications may introduce previously unnoticed measurement effects due to the narrowband nature of these protocols. Such technologies also require less loading to meet the coherence bandwidth conditions, which may lead to higher variations accross the channel. This can cause a need to take additional components into account in the assessment of uncertainty. In this work, we present a preliminary study on uncertainties of NB-IoT measurements in reverberation chambers. We show a need to account for both the number of mode-stirring samples and the lack of spatial uniformity in the uncertainty analysis, where the latter generally dominates for wireless testing. We provide preliminary results for the uncertainty including both effects. We introduce a hypothesis for the effects of loading on the uncertainty, introducing that there may be an optimal loading point to minimize uncertainty, where we describe that this decision may not depend only on coherence bandwidth, but also on the number of significant modes.

Published
2021

13. Application of GEANT4 to the simulation of high energy-resolution microcalorimeter detectors

Author

Hoover, Andrew S., Bacrania, Minesh K., Karpius, Pete J., Rabin, Michael W., Rudy, Cliff R., Vo, Duc T., Beall, James A., Doriese, William B., Hilton, Gene C., Horansky, Robert D., Irwin, Kent D., Ullom, Joel N., and Vale, Leila R.

Subjects
Monte Carlo method -- Usage, Gamma rays -- Properties, Radiation -- Research, Calorimeters -- Design and construction, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Published
2009

14. A first application of the FRAM isotopic analysis code to high-resolution microcalorimetry gamma-ray spectra

Author

Karpius, Pete J., Vo, Duc, Bacrania, Minesh, Beall, James, Bennett, Douglas, Doriese, Randy W., Hilton, Gene, Hoover, Andrew, Horansky, Robert, Irwin, Kent, Rabin, Michael, Reintsema, Carl, Rudy, Cliff, Ullom, J.N., and Vale, Leila

Subjects
Spectrum analysis -- Research, Calorimetry -- Methods, Plutonium -- Properties, Gamma rays -- Properties, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Published
2009

25. Measurement of ion cascade energies through resolution degradation of alpha particle microcalorimeters.

Author

Horansky, Robert D., Stiehl, Gregory M., Beall, James A., Irwin, Kent D., Plionis, Alexander A., Rabin, Michael W., and Ullom, Joel N.

Subjects
*CALORIMETERS, *ALPHA rays, *THERMODYNAMICS research, *SUPERCONDUCTORS, *ENGINEERING models, *MICROELECTRONICS research
Abstract

Atomic cascades caused by ions impinging on bulk materials have remained of interest to the scientific community since their discovery by Goldstein in 1902. While considerable effort has been spent describing and, more recently, simulating these cascades, tools that can study individual events are lacking and several aspects of cascade behavior remain poorly known. These aspects include the material energies that determine cascade magnitude and the variation between cascades produced by monoenergetic ions. We have recently developed an alpha particle detector with a thermodynamic resolution near 100 eV full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) and an achieved resolution of 1.06 keV FWHM for 5.3 MeV particles. The detector relies on the absorption of particles by a bulk material and a thermal change in a superconducting thermometer. The achieved resolution of this detector provides the highest resolving power of any energy dispersive technique and a factor of 8 improvement over semiconductor detectors. The exquisite resolution can be directly applied to improved measurements of fundamental nuclear decays and nuclear forensics. In addition, we propose that the discrepancy between the thermodynamic and achieved resolution is due to fluctuations in lattice damage caused by ion-induced cascades in the absorber. Hence, this new detector is capable of measuring the kinetic energy converted to lattice damage in individual atomic cascades. This capability allows new measurements of cascade dynamics; for example, we find that the ubiquitous modeling program, SRIM, significantly underestimates the lattice damage caused in bulk tin by 5.3 MeV alpha particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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27. Measurement Challenges for 5G and Beyond: An Update from the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Author

Remley, Kate A., primary, Gordon, Joshua A., additional, Novotny, David, additional, Curtin, Alexandra E., additional, Holloway, Christopher L., additional, Simons, Matthew T., additional, Horansky, Robert D., additional, Allman, Michael S., additional, Senic, Damir, additional, Becker, Maria, additional, Jargon, Jeffrey A., additional, Hale, Paul D., additional, Williams, Dylan F., additional, Feldman, Ari, additional, Cheron, Jerome, additional, Chamberlin, Richard, additional, Gentile, Camillo, additional, Senic, Jelena, additional, Sun, Ruoyu, additional, Papazian, Peter B., additional, Quimby, Jeanne, additional, Mujumdar, Mohit, additional, and Golmie, Nada, additional

Published
2017
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30. Entanglement-based quantum communication secured by nonlocal dispersion cancellation

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Lee, Catherine, Zhang, Zheshen, Steinbrecher, Gregory R., Zhou, Hongchao, Mower, Jacob, Zhong, Tian, Wang, Ligong, Hu, Xiaolong, Wornell, Gregory W., Wong, Franco N. C., Shapiro, Jeffrey H., Englund, Dirk Robert, Horansky, Robert D., Verma, Varun B., Lita, Adriana E., Mirin, Richard P., Marsili, Francesco, Shaw, Matthew D., Nam, Sae Woo, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Lee, Catherine, Zhang, Zheshen, Steinbrecher, Gregory R., Zhou, Hongchao, Mower, Jacob, Zhong, Tian, Wang, Ligong, Hu, Xiaolong, Wornell, Gregory W., Wong, Franco N. C., Shapiro, Jeffrey H., Englund, Dirk Robert, Horansky, Robert D., Verma, Varun B., Lita, Adriana E., Mirin, Richard P., Marsili, Francesco, Shaw, Matthew D., and Nam, Sae Woo

Abstract

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables participants to exchange secret information over long distances with unconditional security. However, the performance of today's QKD systems is subject to hardware limitations, such as those of available nonclassical-light sources and single-photon detectors. By encoding photons in high-dimensional states, the rate of generating secure information under these technical constraints can be maximized. Here, we demonstrate a complete time-energy entanglement-based QKD system with proven security against the broad class of arbitrary collective attacks. The security of the system is based on nonlocal dispersion cancellation between two time-energy entangled photons. This resource-efficient QKD system is implemented at telecommunications wavelength, is suitable for optical fiber and free-space links, and is compatible with wavelength-division multiplexing., United States. Army Research Office (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Information in a Photon (InPho) Program (Grant W911NF-10-1-0416)), National Science Foundation (U.S.). Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (Grant DGE-1069420)

Published
2015

31. Photon-efficient quantum key distribution using time–energy entanglement with high-dimensional encoding

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Zhong, Tian, Zhou, Hongchao, Lee, Catherine, Zhang, Zheshen, Wang, Ligong, Englund, Dirk Robert, Wornell, Gregory W., Shapiro, Jeffrey H., Wong, Franco N. C., Horansky, Robert D., Verma, Varun B., Lita, Adriana E., Restelli, Alessandro, Bienfang, Joshua C., Mirin, Richard P., Gerrits, Thomas, Nam, Sae Woo, Marsili, Francesco, Shaw, Matthew D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Zhong, Tian, Zhou, Hongchao, Lee, Catherine, Zhang, Zheshen, Wang, Ligong, Englund, Dirk Robert, Wornell, Gregory W., Shapiro, Jeffrey H., Wong, Franco N. C., Horansky, Robert D., Verma, Varun B., Lita, Adriana E., Restelli, Alessandro, Bienfang, Joshua C., Mirin, Richard P., Gerrits, Thomas, Nam, Sae Woo, Marsili, Francesco, and Shaw, Matthew D.

Abstract

Conventional quantum key distribution (QKD) typically uses binary encoding based on photon polarization or time-bin degrees of freedom and achieves a key capacity of at most one bit per photon. Under photon-starved conditions the rate of detection events is much lower than the photon generation rate, because of losses in long distance propagation and the relatively long recovery times of available single-photon detectors. Multi-bit encoding in the photon arrival times can be beneficial in such photon-starved situations. Recent security proofs indicate high-dimensional encoding in the photon arrival times is robust and can be implemented to yield high secure throughput. In this work we demonstrate entanglement-based QKD with high-dimensional encoding whose security against collective Gaussian attacks is provided by a high-visibility Franson interferometer. We achieve unprecedented key capacity and throughput for an entanglement-based QKD system because of four principal factors: Franson interferometry that does not degrade with loss; error correction coding that can tolerate high error rates; optimized time–energy entanglement generation; and highly efficient WSi superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. The secure key capacity yields as much as 8.7 bits per coincidence. When optimized for throughput we observe a secure key rate of 2.7 Mbit s[superscript −1] after 20 km fiber transmission with a key capacity of 6.9 bits per photon coincidence. Our results demonstrate a viable approach to high-rate QKD using practical photonic entanglement and single-photon detection technologies., United States. Army Research Office (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Information in a Photon (InPho) Program Grant W911NF-10-1-0416)

Published
2015

32. Photon-efficient quantum key distribution using time–energy entanglement with high-dimensional encoding

Author

Zhong, Tian, primary, Zhou, Hongchao, additional, Horansky, Robert D, additional, Lee, Catherine, additional, Verma, Varun B, additional, Lita, Adriana E, additional, Restelli, Alessandro, additional, Bienfang, Joshua C, additional, Mirin, Richard P, additional, Gerrits, Thomas, additional, Nam, Sae Woo, additional, Marsili, Francesco, additional, Shaw, Matthew D, additional, Zhang, Zheshen, additional, Wang, Ligong, additional, Englund, Dirk, additional, Wornell, Gregory W, additional, Shapiro, Jeffrey H, additional, and Wong, Franco N C, additional

Published
2015
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34. Entanglement-based quantum communication secured by nonlocal dispersion cancellation

Author

Lee, Catherine, primary, Zhang, Zheshen, additional, Steinbrecher, Gregory R., additional, Zhou, Hongchao, additional, Mower, Jacob, additional, Zhong, Tian, additional, Wang, Ligong, additional, Hu, Xiaolong, additional, Horansky, Robert D., additional, Verma, Varun B., additional, Lita, Adriana E., additional, Mirin, Richard P., additional, Marsili, Francesco, additional, Shaw, Matthew D., additional, Nam, Sae Woo, additional, Wornell, Gregory W., additional, Wong, Franco N. C., additional, Shapiro, Jeffrey H., additional, and Englund, Dirk, additional

Published
2014
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35. Uncertainty of Plutonium Isotopic Measurements with Microcalorimeter and High-Purity Germanium Detectors

Author

Hoover, Andrew S., primary, Winkler, Ryan, additional, Rabin, Michael W., additional, Bennett, Douglas A., additional, Doriese, William B., additional, Fowler, Joseph W., additional, Hayes-Wehle, James, additional, Horansky, Robert D., additional, Reintsema, Carl D., additional, Schmidt, Dan R., additional, Vale, Leila R., additional, Ullom, Joel N., additional, and Schaffer, Kathryn, additional

Published
2014
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36. High-dimensional time-energy entanglement-based quantum key distribution using dispersive optics

Author

Lee, Catherine, primary, Zhang, Zheshen, additional, Mower, Jacob, additional, Steinbrecher, Greg, additional, Zhou, Hongchao, additional, Wang, Ligong, additional, Hu, Xiaolong, additional, Horansky, Robert D., additional, Verma, Varun B., additional, Allman, Michael S., additional, Lita, Adriana E., additional, Mirin, Richard P., additional, Marsili, Francesco, additional, Beyer, Andrew D., additional, Shaw, Matthew D., additional, Nam, Sae Woo, additional, Wornell, Gregory, additional, Wong, Franco N. C., additional, Shapiro, Jeffrey H., additional, and Englund, Dirk, additional

Published
2014
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38. High-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy with a microwave-multiplexed transition-edge sensor array

Author

Noroozian, Omid, primary, Mates, John A. B., additional, Bennett, Douglas A., additional, Brevik, Justus A., additional, Fowler, Joseph W., additional, Gao, Jiansong, additional, Hilton, Gene C., additional, Horansky, Robert D., additional, Irwin, Kent D., additional, Kang, Zhao, additional, Schmidt, Daniel R., additional, Vale, Leila R., additional, and Ullom, Joel N., additional

Published
2013
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45. Two-Body Models for Analyzing Complex Impedance.

Author

Bennett, Douglas A., Horansky, Robert D., and Ullom, Joel N.

Subjects
*CALORIMETERS, *IMPEDANCE spectroscopy, *SPECTRUM analysis, *GAMMA rays, *OPTICAL measurements
Abstract

Complex impedance is an important and widely used technique for characterizing microbolometers and microcalorimeters. Often, complex impedance data from actual devices does not fit the simple one-body model of a TES microcalorimeter. In this paper we will review the range of possible two-body impedance models and compare them to our most recent measurements of microcalorimeters designed for gamma-ray spectroscopy. When possible, we indicate differences between models that may be used to identify the model that best describes a particular device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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46. Anomalous Thermal Behavior in Microcalorimeter Gamma-Ray Detectors.

Author

Horansky, Robert D., Beall, James A., Irwin, Kent D., and Ullom, Joel N.

Subjects
*CALORIMETERS, *GAMMA ray detectors, *GERMANIUM diodes, *LOW temperatures, *THERMOMETERS
Abstract

Improving the resolution of gamma-ray detectors is important for many fields, including determinations of the Lamb shift in atoms with high atomic numbers, nuclear treaty verification, and environmental monitoring. High-purity germanium detectors are currently the tool of choice for precision gamma-ray spectroscopy. The resolution of these detectors is limited to about 500 eV full-width-at-half-maximum at 100 keV by Fano statistics. In comparison, low-temperature microcalorimeters can provide over an order of magnitude improvement in photon resolution. For instance, a gamma-ray microcalorimeter has achieved 25 eV FWHM resolution at 103 keV. These calorimeters consist of two components, a bulk absorber to stop incident gamma rays and a thermometer made from a thin film electrically biased in the superconducting-to-normal phase transition, called a Transition Edge Sensor, or TES. The standard absorber is bulk, superconducting tin. While tin has historically been the best performing absorber, pulse decays in Sn devices are much slower than predicted. We have begun a systematic study of absorber behavior in order to assess and improve response times. This study leverages two capabilities: the ability to microfabricate highly uniform arrays of gamma-ray detectors and the ability to read out many detectors in a single cool-down using SQUID multiplexer circuits. Here, we present two experiments to identify the source of thermal time constants. The first involves varying properties of the Sn absorber including purity, vendor, and crystal grain size. The second examines the role of the other elements in the microcalorimeter assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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48. Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Content by Microcalorimeter Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy.

Author

Hoover, Andrew S., Winkler, Ryan, Rabin, Michael W., Vo, Duc T., Ullom, Joel N., Bennett, Douglas A., Doriese, William B., Fowler, Joseph W., Horansky, Robert D., Schmidt, Dan R., Vale, Leila R., and Schaffer, Kathryn

Subjects
PLUTONIUM, CALORIMETERS, GAMMA ray spectrometer, GAMMA ray detectors, SUPERCONDUCTING photodetectors
Abstract

Microcalorimeter detectors provide unprecedented energy resolution for gamma-ray spectroscopy. One application is measuring the isotopic composition of plutonium-bearing samples by non-destructive gamma-ray spectroscopy to support nuclear safeguards and nonproliferation efforts. When measured with conventional high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors, data from these samples contain significant peak overlaps requiring spectral deconvolution for analysis. The improved energy resolution of the microcalorimeter detector reduces peak overlaps leading to improvement in the statistical error component of the total measurement uncertainty. In this paper, we describe analysis code that was developed for spectral peak fitting and isotopic content determination from microcalorimeter and HPGe data. We apply the code to data collected from several plutonium standards to quantify the improvement of the statistical error derived from the improved energy resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2013
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49. Macrophages Can Recognize and Kill Tumor Cells Bearing the Membrane Isoform of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Author

Jadus, Martin R., Irwin, Melanie C.N., Irwin, Michael R., Horansky, Robert D., Sekhon, Sant, Pepper, Karen A., Kohn, Donald B., and Wepsic, H. Terry

Abstract

NBXFO hybridoma cells produced both the membrane and secreted isoforms of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Murine bone marrow cells stimulated by the secreted form of M-CSF (sM-CSF) became Mac1 +, Mac2+, Mac3+, and F4/80+ macrophages that inhibited the growth of NBXFO cells, but not L1210 or P815 tumor cells. In cytotoxicity studies, M-CSF activated macrophages and freshly isolated macrophages killed NBXFO cells in the presence of polymyxin B, eliminating the possibility that contaminating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was responsible for the delivery of the cytotoxic signal. Retroviral-mediated transfection of T9 glioma cells with the gene for the membrane isoform of M-CSF (mM-CSF), but not for the secreted isoform of M-CSF, transferred the ability of macrophages to kill these transfected T9 cells in a mM-CSF dose-dependent manner. Macrophage-mediated killing of the mM-CSF transfected clone was blocked by using a 100-fold excess of recombinant M-CSF. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and the nitric oxide inhibitor, Nωnitro-arginine methyl ester (NAME), did not effect macrophage cytotoxicity against the mM-CSF transfectant T9 clones. T9 parental cells when cultured in the presence of an equal number of the mM-CSF transfectant cells were not killed, indicating specific target cell cytotoxicity by the macrophages. Electron microscopy showed that macrophages were capable of phagocytosizing mM-CSF bearing T9 tumor cells and NBXFO hybridoma cells; this suggested a possible mechanism of this cytotoxicity. This study indicates that mM-CSF provides the necessary binding and triggering molecules through which macrophages can initiate direct tumor cell cytotoxicity.

Published
1996
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