Search

La familia Calliphoridae es un componente integral de la estimación del intervalo post mortem (IPM) debido a su desarrollada capacidad para detectar la descomposición de cadáveres a grandes distancias y la habilidad para colonizarlos a diferentes temperaturas en diversas áreas geográficas. Se reportan cuatro primeros registros de la familia Calliphoridae para la entomofauna de Yucatán, México: Chrysomya putoria Wiedemann, Chrysomya rufifacies Macquart, Lucilia cuprina Wiedemanny y L. sericata Meigen. Se incluye una clave de identificación e ilustraciones para las nueve especies presentes en el estado y comentarios sobre su distribución.

Background. The use of biostimulants is an alternative to improve the growth and productivity of horticultural crops. Objective. To evaluate the effect of three biostimulants (seaweed extracts, humic acids and amino acids) on the plant growth, foliar characteristics, and population density of Bemisia tabaci in habanero pepper plants (Capsicum chinense). Methodology. The biostimulants were applied to the plant growth substrate in seedling and in pot plants. The response variables were plant growth, leaf thickness and toughness, leaf area and population density of B. tabaci. Results. Humic acids promoted the number of leaves and stem thickness in seedlings. The thickness of the leaves was stimulated by seaweed extract and humic acids and the leaf area by amino acids. The biostimulants had no effect on the response of the plants to the population density of B. tabaci. Implication. The use of biostimulants in habanero pepper plants could enhance plant growth in specific growth phases. Conclusion. The use of biostimulants in habanero pepper plants did not show consistent effects on plant growth promotion in habanero pepper. There were no effects of the biostimulants on the induction of plant defense to B. tabaci in habanero pepper.

. Se evaluó el efecto de tres insecticidas botánicos comerciales sobre la mortalidad por residualidad e ingestión en Tamarixia radiata. Se observó que el Biodie y NeeemPHC produjeron mortalidad del 12.7 y 12.3 %, por efecto de residual, respectivamente; y del 33.3 y 28.7 % mortalidad por ingestión. El tiempo también incrementó de forma signicativa la mortalidad, aunque sólo por ingestión y hasta las 48 y 72 h con Biodie, y el mismo período por el NeeemPHC. El CinnAcar fue poco tóxico por ingestión y ninguno de los insecticidas botánicos tuvieron efectos signicativos en la emergencia de adultos. Los tres productos evaluados no intereren en el control biológico

Background. The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most damaging pests of maize in tropical areas. Objective. To evaluate the damage caused by S. frugiperda and the leaf morphological traits in 15 populations of maize landrace. Methodology. The leaf damage caused by S. frugiperda and four-leaf morphological traits (leaf blade thickness, leaf blade hardness, specific leaf area and trichome density) were evaluated at 20, 30 and 40 days after emergence (DAE) in two seasons, dry (March and April) and rainy (June and July). Spearman correlation between the degree of leaf damage and each leaf morphological trait was also evaluated. Results. Maize populations showed differential response to the damage caused by S. frugiperda among seasons and evaluating date. The leaf morphological traits were different between seasons and among evaluating dates. The trichome density had intermediate negative correlation with the level of leaf damage in rainy season (rs = − 0.32, p < 0.001). Implications. The lower leaf damage may be indicator of resistance against S. frugiperda. Conclusion. The population 2020−M62 had low susceptibility to S. frugiperda, this population may be candidate for maize breeding program.

Plant-insect interactions are a determining factor for sustainable crop production. Although plants can resist or tolerate herbivorous insects to varying degrees, even with the use of pesticides, insects can reduce plant net productivity by as much as 20%, so sustainable strategies for pest control with less dependence on chemicals are needed. Selecting plants with optimal resistance and photosynthetic traits can help minimize damage and maintain productivity. Here, 27 landrace accessions of lima beans, Phaseolus lunatus L., from the Yucatan Peninsula were evaluated in the field for morphological resistance traits, photosynthetic characteristics, insect damage and seed yield. Variation was found in physical leaf traits (number, area, and dry mass of leaves; trichome density, specific leaf thickness and hardness) and in physiological traits (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon, water-use efficiency, and transpiration). Five accessions (JMC1325, JMC1288, JMC1339, JMC1208 and JMC1264) had the lowest index for cumulative damage with the highest seed yield, although RDA analysis uncovered two accessions (JMC1339, JMC1288) with strong positive association of seed yield and the cumulative damage index with leaf production, specific leaf area (SLA) and total leaf area. Leaf traits, including SLA and total leaf area are important drivers for optimizing seed yield. This study identified 12 important morphological and physiological leaf traits for selecting landrace accessions of P. lunatus for high yields (regardless of damage level) to achieve sustainable, environmentally safe crop production.

Objetivo. Estudiar la diversidad de cicadellidae en el cultivo de maíz y determinar la efectividad de insecticidas sistémicos para prevenir el daño por achaparramiento. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se realizó en un cultivo de maíz criollo variedad Nal-Tel en Conkal, Yucatán. Se realizaron recolectas de cicadellidae mediante red de golpeo en tres sitios: plantas de maíz, bordes del cultivo y área con gramíneas adyacente al cultivo. Los ejemplares se identificación mediante claves taxonómicas por morfología. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos insecticidas: flonicamid, pymetrozina, ciantraniliprole y flupiradifurone en el cultivo para controlar las poblaciones de cicadellidae y prevenir daño por achaparramiento. Resultados. Se recolectaron un total de 1 556 individuos, incluidos en 37 especies de cicadellidae. Las especies con mayor abundancia relativa en las plantas de maíz fueron Empoasca sp. (22.44%), Ponana citrina (14.67%) y Dalbulus maidis (10.73%); en los bordes del cultivo fueron Hortensia similis (28.42%), Empoasca sp. (14.74%) y Ponana citrina (14.74%); en área con gramíneas adyacente al cultivo destacan Hortensia similis (49.64%), Draeculacephala soluta (35.32%), Empoasca sp. (4.63%). En las plantas de maíz, la aplicación de los insecticidas flonicamid, pymetrozina y ciantraniliprole suprimió en más del 50% la densidad poblacional de cicadellidae y entre 25-35% la incidencia de plantas con síntomas de achaparramiento del maíz. Conclusión. La diversidad de cicadellidae en el cultivo de maíz incluyó 37 especies. Los insecticidas sistémicos evaluados tuvieron efectos significativos en la supresión poblacional de cicadellidae y de la incidencia de plantas con síntomas de achaparramiento del maíz.