80 results on '"Horace L. Hodes"'
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2. THE EFFECT OF DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE ON WATER AND ELECTROLYTE DISTRIBUTION1
- Author
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Avron Y. Sweet, Horace L. Hodes, and Marvin F. Levitt
- Subjects
Biochemistry ,Chemistry ,Inorganic chemistry ,Distribution (pharmacology) ,General Medicine ,Electrolyte ,Desoxycorticosterone Acetate - Published
- 1958
3. The Etiology of Infantile Diarrhea
- Author
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HORACE L. HODES
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Published
- 1956
4. FLUORESCEIN CIRCULATION TIMES IN DIPHTHERIA
- Author
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SIDNEY COBB and HORACE L. HODES
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
The circulation time has been studied in 35 cases of diphtheria with repeated measurements. It is a useful guide in judging the severity of myocarditis, and it suggests that digitalis can relieve the failure of diphtheritic myocarditis.
- Published
- 1948
5. Difference in the Immunoglobulin Class of Polioantibody in the Serum of Men and Women
- Author
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Eugene Ainbender, Ruth Berger Weisinger, Magda Hevizy, and Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
Summary We have measured by radioimmunodiffusion (RID) the specific IgA and IgG polioantibody in the sera of 36 men and 36 women. We have found in 8 women the IgA polioantibody titer was equal to or greater than the IgG polioantibody titer. In 6 women, the IgA polioantibody was 50% of the IgG titer. No man was found to have an IgA polioantibody titer equal to 50% of his IgG polioantibody titer. In fact, 33 of the 36 men had an IgA polioantibody titer which was less than 20% of their IgG polioantibody titer. The other 3 men had an IgA polioantibody titer which was 25% of their IgG titer. These data show that the adult female population contains a significant number of women in whom the IgA polioantibody is equal to or greater than the IgG polioantibody. No such individuals were found among the adult male population. Thus we have demonstrated for the first time that there is a significant difference in the immunoglobulin pattern of the polioantibody in the serum of the adult male and the adult female.
- Published
- 1968
6. Kidney function, body fluid compartments, and water and electrolyte metabolism in the monkey
- Author
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Horace L. Hodes, Marvin F. Levitt, and Avron Y. Sweet
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Inulin Clearance ,Sucrose ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Physiology (medical) ,Body water ,Inulin ,Biophysics ,Renal function ,Fluid compartments ,Electrolyte ,Metabolism - Abstract
Standard techniques for measurement of inulin clearance, total body water, inulin space, sucrose space, and T-1824 space were demonstrated to be applicable to normal untrained cynomolgus monkeys. The average of the values obtained are more like man's than are those of any other experimental animal. Normal values were established for plasma sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations and water, sodium, potassium, and chloride contents of muscle, bone, tendon, cerebrum, medulla, and spinal cord. As reported by others, tissues of low cellularity such as bone and tendon were found to have large quantities of sodium and chloride which could not be assigned to the interstitial fluid. In keeping with the decrease of cellularity of central nervous system tissues from above downward, there was a parallel decrease in potassium and an increase in sodium and chloride contents. These studies provide normal values for salt and water composition of various tissues and fluid compartments and demonstrate the applicability of physiological techniques to the monkey, which is teleologically and apparently physiologically closest to man.
- Published
- 1961
7. THE SOURCE OF EXCESS CALCIUM IN HYPERCALCEMIA INDUCED BY IRRADIATED ERGOSTEROL
- Author
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Milton Rapoport, James H. Jones, and Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Ergosterol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemistry ,Radiochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Cell Biology ,Irradiation ,Calcium ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Nuclear chemistry - Published
- 1930
8. THE EFFECT OF IRRADIATED ERGOSTEROL ON THYROPARATHYROIDECTOMIZED DOGS
- Author
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Milton Rapoport, Horace L. Hodes, and James H. Jones
- Subjects
Ergosterol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Radiochemistry ,Cell Biology ,Irradiation ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Published
- 1930
9. Trisomy-17 syndrome
- Author
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Nevanka Lusskin, Horace L. Hodes, Ralph E. Moloshok, Herbert L. Cooper, Marvin I. Gottlieb, and Kurt Hirschhorn
- Subjects
Chromosome 17 (human) ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Autosome ,Chromosome number ,business.industry ,medicine ,General Medicine ,business ,Trisomy ,medicine.disease - Abstract
Three patients are described who fulfill the criteria for classification as members of the recently established entity of "trisomy-17 syndrome". The range of significant anomalies characterizing this syndrome is expanded. The association with mental retardation appears to be firmly established. The chromosome number is once again established as 47 in this syndrome. The extra autosome is in group V, being either a number 17 or 18. The reasons for calling this entity trisomy-17 syndrome are discussed.
- Published
- 1962
10. FULMINATING MENINGOCOCCEMIA TREATED WITH CORTISONE; USE OF BLOOD EOSINOPHIL COUNT AS A GUIDE TO PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
- Author
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Horace L. Hodes, Milton Markowitz, and Ralph E. Moloshok
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Convalescence ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Diphtheria ,Acute infection ,Eosinophil ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,Pneumonia ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Internal medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Immunology ,Medicine ,Eosinopenia ,Cortisone ,business ,Blood eosinophil ,media_common ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The total blood eosinophil count has been studied as an indicator of the adequacy of the adrenocortical response to the stress of acute infection. Marked eosinopenia was found in seven children on the first or second day of acute meningococcal infection of mild or moderate severity and in 18 other patients with rubeola, pneumonia or diphtheria. During convalescence the number of eosinophils in the blood became normal. An eighth patient, who was admitted during the recovery stage of mild meningococcal infection, exhibited a normal count which decreased sharply after the administration of ACTH. In three patients admitted with fulminating meningococcal infection, an initial eosinophil count of 75/cmm. was found in one and 130/cmm. in the other two. The eosinophil count response to the administration of ACTH did not return to normal until the third week in Case 2. These findings lend support to the belief that adrenal cortical function may be impaired in patients with overwhelming meningococcal infection. Cortisone was employed in addition to usual forms of therapy in the treatment of three children with fulminating meningococcemia. One patient died shortly after admission and the other two patients survived. It is believed that cortisone was of value in these latter two cases and that one of these patients would have certainly succumbed without its use. Cortisone may prove to be of value in the treatment of fulminating meningococcal infection because it is much more potent in overcoming stress than previously employed adrenal extracts. It is suggested that the circulating eosinophil count may be of value as a guide in the prognosis and treatment of meningococcal infections.
- Published
- 1952
11. Radioautographic Studies of Poliovirus Binding by Human Immunoglobulins
- Author
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Horace L. Hodes, Eugene Ainbender, Helen D. Zepp, M. Magda Hevizy, and Ruth Berger
- Subjects
Human immunoglobulins ,viruses ,Immunoelectrophoresis ,In Vitro Techniques ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,complex mixtures ,Antibodies ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Neutralization ,medicine ,Humans ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Poliovirus ,Phosphorus Isotopes ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Poliomyelitis ,Immunoglobulin class ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Autoradiography ,gamma-Globulins ,Antibody - Abstract
Summary(1) By techniques of radioimmunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunodiffusion using radioactive poliovirus, it was shown that the quantity of poliovirus antibodies in a serum and the immunoglobulin class of these antibodies can be determined. (2) By these techniques it was shown that adult human serum contains A Immunoglobulin (IgA) poliovirus antibodies as well as G Immunoglobulin (IgG) polio antibodies. (3) Some sera contain a higher concentration of A Immunoglobulin (IgA) polio antibodies than G Immunoglobulin (IgG) polio antibodies.
- Published
- 1965
12. 3. SCARLET FEVER AS AN AIR-BORNE INFECTION
- Author
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John L. Peck, Horace L. Hodes, Francis F. Schwentker, and Beach M. Chenoweth
- Subjects
Sulfadiazine ,business.industry ,Immunity ,Carrier state ,Medicine ,Scarlet fever ,General Medicine ,business ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Microbiology ,medicine.drug - Published
- 1945
13. CARE OF THE CRITICALLY ILL CHILD: ENDOTOXIN SHOCK
- Author
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Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,business.industry ,Mannose ,Carbohydrate ,biology.organism_classification ,Polysaccharide ,Bacterial cell structure ,Amino acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Moiety ,Medicine ,business ,Bacteria ,Macromolecule - Abstract
F OR practical purposes we may consider that endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria are the cause of endotoxic shock. In general, endotoxins are produced by bacteria which form smooth colonies. However, it should be mentioned that small quantities of endotoxin have been found in colonially rough, gram-negative rods and in some gram-positive bacteria. Endotoxins are found in the outer layers of the bacterial cell wall. They are so closely associated with other constituents of this structure that their isolation requires strong chemical treatment.1 Endotoxins are macromolecules which readily form complexes with each other and with other macromolecules. The two major constituents of endotoxins are lipids and polysacchanides. Endotoxins also contain a small percentage of peptides, so we may consider that endotoxins are lipid-polysaccharide-peptide macromolecules. All endotoxins contain phosphorus also. The polysaccharide moiety is composed of a number of different carbohydrates, such as glucose, galactose and mannose, as well as pentoses, heptoses, and hexosamines.2 Also present are di-deoxy hexoses, which are found only in endotoxins. The lipid moiety contains even-numbered saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The chemical constituents of endotoxins are arranged in three major zones in the macromolecule: the polysaccharide, the lipid-rich, and the amino acid-rich moieties. The backbone of the molecule is polysaccharide, to which are attached amino acids. The fatty acids are also attached to the carbohydrate backbone; these are ester bound to OH groups or amide bound to NH2 groups of the carbohydrate, probably through such compounds as glucosamine.2 The endotoxin molecule is unique in its fatty acid-carbohydrate linkages, which have not been found in any other natural substance.3 Phosphoric acid is found in both the lipid and carbohydrate moieties.
- Published
- 1969
14. The use of sulfapyridine in primary pneumococcic pneumonia and in pneumococcic pneumonia associated with measles
- Author
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Maclyn McCarty, Robert G. Shirley, Ethel Walker, Horace L. Hodes, and William C. Stifler
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,business.industry ,Sulfapyridine ,medicine.disease ,Measles ,Surgery ,Pneumonia ,stomatognathic system ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Definite Improvement ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Summary Seventy-one patients proved to have pneumonia by x-rays were treate with sulfapyridine. Typable pneumococci were isolated from the nasopharynx in each instance. Thirty-three of these patients had primary pneumonia. In 38 of them the pneumonia was associated with measles. All the patients recovered. In nearly every case the temperature became normal and definite improvement took place within forty-eight hours after institution of treatment. The method of administration of the drug is described and certain untoward effects are mentioned. The presence of pneumococci in the nasopharynx of a number of patients after the withdrawal of sulfapyridine was noted.
- Published
- 1939
15. AUREOMYCIN IN THE TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL INFECTIONS WITH H. INFLUENZAE, TYPE B
- Author
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Caroline A. Chandler and Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.drug_class ,Polymyxin ,medicine.disease ,Body weight ,Gastroenterology ,Response to treatment ,H influenzae type b ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sulfadiazine ,chemistry ,Streptomycin ,Internal medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,business ,Meningitis ,medicine.drug ,Dihydrostreptomycin - Abstract
Aureomycin, in doses of 20 mg./kg. body weight, was as effective in the treatment of mice infected with H. influenzae, type B, as streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin, and more effective than polymyxin or Q-19. Two infants with H. influenzae, type B, meningitis were treated successfully with aureomycin and sulfadiazine. Spinal fluid cultures became negative and marked clinical improvement occurred within 48 hours. Both patients went on to complete recovery. Three children were treated with aureomycin alone. Although their response to treatment was not so rapid as that of the infants treated with aureomycin and sulfadiazine, rccovery was assured within four to seven days and subsequently there were no evidences of residual damage. No serious toxic reactions to aureomycin were apparent. A sixth patient, desperately ill on admission, succumbed within 36 hours in spite of adequate treatment with combined aureomycin and sulfadiazine.
- Published
- 1950
16. ABNORMAL OCCURRENCE OF THE ULNAR NERVE—HYPOTHENAR MUSCLE H-REFLEX IN SYDENHAM'S CHOREA
- Author
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Irwin Gribetz, Robert Hodes, and Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Rheumatic chorea ,business.industry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Sydenham's chorea ,Medicine ,Chorea ,Anatomy ,H-reflex ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Ulnar nerve ,Hypothenar muscle ,medicine.disease - Abstract
Six patients, 8 to 14 years of age, were examined for abnormal H-reflex activity by means of an electrophysiological technique, and the findings were compared with the clinical examination, in Sydenham's chorea. Four of the patients were examined at the stage of the disease in which purposeless, involuntary movements were present in the upper extremity. In all four patients an aberrant H-reflex was elicited from the hypothenar muscles by weak, painless, percutaneous, electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve. The H-reflex declined pari passu with the reduction of movements noted clinically. Two of the patients, studied electrophysiologically when abnormal movements were present, were re-examined long after disappearance of choreiform activity. At this time H-reflexes were either minimal or absent. Two patients who presented unilateral choreiform movements showed H-reflexes only on the affected side. Two patients who were studied only once, after the choreiform movements had disappeared, showed minimal H-reflexes, or complete absence of the abnormal response. The locus of disturbance in the central nervous system in this disease is discussed and the need for further investigation noted.
- Published
- 1962
17. Electroencephalographic findings in measles encephalitis
- Author
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Horace L. Hodes and Samuel Livingston
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Central nervous system ,Electroencephalography ,medicine.disease ,Measles ,Central nervous system disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Encephalitis ,Humans ,business - Abstract
Summary 1. All of the eight patients with measles encephalitis showed abnormal electroencephalographic findings soon after onset of their central nervous system disease. ( A ) In seven of these the electroencephalographic pattern became normal, and all of these children appear to have recovered without detectable evidence of permanent central nervous system injury. ( B ) In the case of the eighth child, the central nervous system damage did not improve, the electroencephalogram remained abnormal, and death resulted. 2. Six children who were convalescent from uncomplicated measles all showed normal electroencephalograms.
- Published
- 1950
18. Cause of an Outbreak of Encephalitis Established by Means of Complement-Fixation Tests
- Author
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John L. Peck, Lewis Thomas, and Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Complement Fixation Tests ,Encephalitis, Arbovirus ,Outbreak ,Complement System Proteins ,Complement fixation test ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Virus ,Disease Outbreaks ,Antigen ,Epidemiology ,Immunology ,medicine ,Encephalitis ,Humans ,Japanese B virus ,business - Abstract
Summary1. By complement-fixation tests carried out with human sera, an outbreak of encephalitis which began on Okinawa in July, 1945, was promptly shown to be due to Japanese B virus. 2. The tests showed that at least 11 of 20 patients studied had suffered an attack of encephalitis caused by this virus.
- Published
- 1945
19. Subacute mercury poisoning (acrodynia) caused by protiodide of mercury
- Author
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Alfred E. Fischer and Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Acrodynia ,Teething ,business.industry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Urine ,medicine.disease ,Mercury poisoning ,Dermatology ,Surgery ,Mercury (element) ,chemistry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
ARKANY and Hubbard in 19481 were the first to report the presence of mercury in the urine of children with adrodynia. This important finding suggested to Bivings and Lewis the use of BAL ~" for removing the mercury from the body2 Bivings ~ subsequently collected a number of cases, including those of Elmore, 4 in which clinical improvement followed the use of BAL. Other reports of the successful use of BAL in the treatment of acrodynia were made subsequently by CaIdthers, ~ and by Warkany and Hubbard, 6 who have recently published a review of the entire subjeetJ Most of the patients with acrodynia whose clinical histories have been described in the literature had become ill following "teething powders"S 6r "worm cures,"9 both of which contain calomel (mercurous chloride). The following case report is the first in which protiodide of mercury, prescribed for the treatment of warts, was the offending agent. The recent review by Warkany and Hubbard 7 does not contain a similar case. Although a
- Published
- 1952
20. Development of antibody following vaccination of infants and children against pneumococci
- Author
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James F. Ziegler, Horace L. Hodes, and Helen D. Zepp
- Subjects
Vaccination ,biology ,business.industry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,Antibody ,business - Published
- 1944
21. Retinopathy in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- Author
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Irving H. Leopold, Horace L. Hodes, and Edward L. Raab
- Subjects
Eye Manifestations ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Blood transfusion ,Eye Diseases ,Fundus Oculi ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Rocky Mountain spotted fever ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Ophthalmoscopy ,Adrenal Cortex Hormones ,Agglutination Tests ,Sepsis ,Skin Manifestations ,Edema ,medicine ,Humans ,Blood Transfusion ,Coma ,Child ,Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever ,Skin manifestations ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Retinal Hemorrhage ,Retinal Vessels ,Exudates and Transudates ,medicine.disease ,Thrombocytopenia ,Dermatology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Blood Cell Count ,Ophthalmology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Papilledema ,Retinopathy - Published
- 1969
22. RELATION OF 7S AND 19S STAPHYLOCOCCAL HEMAG-GLUTINATING ANTIBODY TO AGE OF INDIVIDUAL
- Author
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Alfred L. Florman, Gertrude H. Lambertson, Helen Zepp, Eugene Ainbender, and Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
Staphylococcal hemagglutinating antibodies are present in both 7S and 19S fractions of serum. Newly born infants receive only 7S hemagglutinins from their mothers, and this passively acquired antibody soon disappears from the circulation. Infants under 4 months of age fail to respond to severe staphylococcal infections with hemagglutinin production. Infants over 4 months of age do make hemagglutinins, but these antibodies are mostly in the 19S class. Infants and children over 4 months of age may have high titers of hemagglutinins even without a history of staphylococcal infections. Most adults have significant staphylococcal hemagglutinin titers. The distribution of staphylococcal hemagglutinating antibodies between 7S and 195 is consistent. Under the age of 16 years, most of the actively acquired hemagglutinin is in the 19S class. After 16, 7S hemagglutinins may dominate. Thus, under the conditions of natural exposure to staphylococci, age of the individual is a significant determinant of the class of his staphylococcal hemaglutinating antibodies. Although it is clear from this and other reported studies that individuals react to different antigenic stimuli by making different classes of antibodies, the biological and clinical significance of these observations are not yet completely understood.
- Published
- 1963
23. HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE MENINGITIS
- Author
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WILLIAM G. CROOK, B. REED CLANTON, and HORACE L. HODES
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
The results obtained in the treatment of 110 infants and children with H. influenzae meningitis are presented and the various agents used in the therapy of the disease are evaluated. Eighty-seven (79%) survived. Sixty-eight (62%) recovered completely. Eight of the 23 deaths occurred within the first 24 hours after hospital admission. Slightly over one half the children were less than one year of age. Only 69% of this group survived as compared with 90% in the group over one year of age; only 50% of the younger group recovered completely as compared with 75% of the older group. The plan of therapy underwent various modifications and additions during the eight year period covered in this study. Forty-four per cent of the patients were treated with specific H. influenzae rabbit antiserum and sulfadiazine; 48% were treated with these agents together with streptomycin (and in many instances penicillin). The remaining 8% were treated with streptomycin alone or in combination with sulfadiazine. The survival and complete recovery rates of those treated with serum, sulfadiazine and streptomycin were not significantly different from the rates of those treated with serum and sulfadiazine alone. The number of patients treated with streptomycin without serum was too few for analysis. Specific antiserum used early and in large doses seemed to be a valuable therapeutic agent in these studies. It is believed that this antiserum should be used in the treatment of all patients except perhaps older children and younger children who are only mildly ill. The high cost of this serum, however, remains a major problem. Streptomycin undoubtedly is a valuable therapeutic agent in the disease; in this study, however, there has been no striking improvement in the over-all results since its introduction. Sulfonamides and especially sulfadiazine appear to have been of limited but definite value in the treatment of this disease and their continued use in all patients is recommended. Penicillin when given in high dosages would also seem to be a helpful therapeutic adjunct when used along with other agents. Follow-up data on 64 of the 87 surviving patients are presented.
- Published
- 1949
24. ALTERATIONS OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE DISTRIBUTION AND RENAL FUNCTION IN DIARRHEA OF INFANCY 1
- Author
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Avrum L. Katcher, Marvin F. Levitt, Avron Y. Sweet, Herbert Haber, Charlotte Spanier, and Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Diarrhea ,Chemistry ,Infant ,Physiology ,Renal function ,Articles ,General Medicine ,Electrolyte ,Body Fluids ,Electrolytes ,Biochemistry ,medicine ,Humans ,Distribution (pharmacology) ,medicine.symptom ,Child - Published
- 1953
25. Conference at the Mount Sinai Hospital of New York March 24, 1949
- Author
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Horace L. Hodes and Samuel Karelitz
- Subjects
Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Purpura ,business.industry ,General surgery ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Mount - Published
- 1950
26. REVIEW OF VIRUS DISEASES
- Author
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HORACE L. HODES
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Published
- 1942
27. ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
- Author
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Erwin Neter and Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
THE LIBERAL, though not indiscriminate, use of antibiotics in pediatrics has resulted in far more assets than liabilities, although the statement has been made that 90% of antibiotics used in this country today are wasted. Often the pediatrician is able to select the correct and most effective antibiotic on the basis of clinical examination alone. At other times, laboratory examinations are necessary to establish an etiologic diagnosis. This information frequently allows the selection of the most favorable antibiotic when the bacterial species is of predictable sensitivity. Cases in which the bacterial species isolated are of unpredictable sensitivity require determination of the in-vitro efficacy of antibiotics. It must be stressed that many bacterial pathogens are as sensitive to penicillin and other antibiotics today as they were years ago, and that the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is not a general phenomenon. For example, the vast majority of strains of group A hemolytic streptococcus, gonococcus, pneumococcus, influenza bacillus, and the spirochete of syphilis have not become antibiotic resistant. In contrast, the staphylococcus has become a serious problem, particularly in hospitals and hospital-acquired infections. With the widespread use of penicillin and other antibiotics the percentage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from lesions in man has increased substantially. In addition, workers in hospitals rather frequently have become carriers of these strains and thus may in turn spread the infection to patients. Status of Current Antibiotics During the last few years several antibiotics have been added to the armamentarium of the physician. The present status of these antibiotics or special preparations may be summed up as follows.
- Published
- 1957
28. ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS
- Author
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Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
Chemoprophylaxis is very effective and should be used freely after known exposure to dangerous bacteria which are very sensitive to an antibiotic. Into this category falls prophylaxis against beta-streptococcal, meningococcal and gonococcal infections. The value of preventing beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections in children who have suffered an attack of rheumatic fever is established beyond a doubt. Antibiotics generally should not be used during an acute viral infection for protection against possible secondary bacterial invasion. In general, antibiotic prophylaxis should not be used to attempt to reduce the incidence of bacterial infections in children who are suffering from a chronic disease of nonbacterial origin, such as diabetes or nephrosis. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery should be limited to certain specific indications. It should not be used in "clean" elective surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis may be of value for small premature infants during the first week of life, but much more data on this point are required. For full-term newborn infants chemoprophylaxis has only limited usefulness, except for ophthalmia neonatorum. In the light of present knowledge, antibiotic prophylaxis should be used to help control outbreaks of staphylococcal and E. coli diseases in the nursery.
- Published
- 1959
29. Conference at the Mount Sinai Hospital of New York
- Author
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Horace L. Hodes Pediatrician and Samuel Karelitz
- Subjects
Gerontology ,business.industry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Medicine ,Library science ,business ,Mount - Published
- 1952
30. Studies on Epidemic Diarrhea of the New-born: Isolation of a Filtrable Agent Causing Diarrhea in Calves
- Author
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Horace L. Hodes and Jacob S. Light
- Subjects
Epidemic diarrhea ,Diarrhea ,Isolation (health care) ,business.industry ,Immunology ,Medicine ,Outbreak ,Heat resistance ,Articles ,General Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Feces - Published
- 1943
31. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
- Author
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Horace L. Hodes, Alex J. Steigman, and Donald Gribetz
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
TEN major topics and several minor ones were discussed during this seminar. The following is a summary of the major points of the discussion and includes some of the pertinent questions raised by the participants. POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE Two types of vaccine are potentially available to immunize a person against a virus disease. A "killed" virus vaccine is one which induces immunity despite the fact that it is made of virus which has been rendered noninfectious by physical or chemical means (ultraviolet light, formaldehyde, phenol, etc.). A "live" virus vaccine contains virus mutants which produce only a modified infection and yet induce immunity against the original virus disease. The modified infection may be accompanied by no clinically recognizable disease (yellow fever) or by a recognizable mild illness (vaccinia). The former type of vaccine has the advantage of producing immunity without producing infection. Its disadvantages include difficulties with "killing" and problems concerning the safeguards against noninfectiousness. The "live" vaccine has the advantage of producing a higher degree of, and longer lasting immunity than the "killed" vaccine. Disadvantages are concerned with possible virulence of the virus mutants, with production of disease in the injected individual, and spread of the infection to others. The presently available Salk vaccine for immunization is of the "killed" virus vaccine variety, the virus having been made noninfectious by treatment with formaldehyde. The need for active immunization of the population against poliomyelitis is emphasized by the facts that virtually no children 3 to 5 years of age have antibody against all 3 types of poliomyelitis virus and less than 40 per cent of this age group have antibody against even 1 type.
- Published
- 1956
32. ISOLATION FROM CASES OF INFANTILE DIARRHEA OF A FILTRABLE AGENT CAUSING DIARRHEA IN CALVES
- Author
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Jacob S. Light and Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Diarrhea ,medicine.drug_class ,viruses ,Immunology ,Antibiotics ,Cross immunity ,Article ,Virus ,Feces ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Child ,Stomatitis ,business.industry ,Infant ,Outbreak ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Streptomycin ,Diarrhea, Infantile ,Cattle ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Meningitis ,medicine.drug - Abstract
From instances of diarrhea of the newborn in four separate hospital outbreaks a filtrable agent was isolated which regularly produced diarrhea in calves. This agent appeared to have the characteristics of a filtrable virus. The four strains of virus isolated in the outbreaks studied appeared to be identical or very closely related. The virus was not found present in the stools of any of eight normal newborn infants or five normal calves. Evidence is presented that the virus may be one of the causes of epidemic diarrhea of the newborn.
- Published
- 1949
33. Consent
- Author
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Rowine H. Brown, Horace L. Hodes, Victor C. Vaughan, Charles A. Alford, Rowine Hayes Brown, Malcolm A. Holliday, Avrum L. Katcher, Calvin C. J. Sia, David Sparling, Lewis A. Barness, L. Stanley James, Samuel L. Katz, Sumner J. Yaffe, and Norman Kretchmer
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,humanities - Abstract
Consent must be obtained prior to the institution of medical or surgical treatment. Pediatricians should keep informed concerning court decisions and statutes relative to consent and minors.
- Published
- 1976
34. Human–Mosquito Somatic Cell Hybrids induced by Ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai Virus
- Author
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Kurt Hirschhorn, Helen D. Zepp, Horace L. Hodes, and James H. Conover
- Subjects
Ultraviolet Rays ,Clone (cell biology) ,In Vitro Techniques ,Tritium ,Chromosomes ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Cell Fusion ,HeLa ,Aedes ,Animals ,Humans ,Radiation Genetics ,Heterokaryon ,biology ,Somatic Cell Hybrids ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Sendai virus ,Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human ,Cell culture ,Autoradiography ,Female ,HeLa Cells ,Thymidine - Abstract
WE have recently achieved interphylum heterokaryon and hybrid formation from human (HeLa, clone 5 of S3, courtesy Dr Grace Leidy)1 and mosquito (Aedes aegyptae L., courtesy of the late Dr E. C. Suitor, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland)2 cell lines, using ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus to induce fusion3.
- Published
- 1971
35. BELA SCHICK, 1877-1967
- Author
-
Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
Bela Schick was born in Bolgar, Hungary, on July 16, 1877. He received his medical degree from Karl Franz University at Graz in 1900. After a period of 6 months in the Austro-Hungarian army, he returned to Graz where he became a voluntary assistant in the clinic of Professor Theodore Escherich. In 1902 when Professor Escherich left Graz to accept the chair in pediatrics in Vienna, Dr. Schick was invited to accompany him. In Vienna, Dr. Schick was appointed volunteer to work with Dr. Clemens von Pirquet, who was an assistant at the Children's Clinic of the University. A perfect life-long friendship sprang up at once between these two men of genius.
- Published
- 1968
36. Antigenic Relation of Type B H. Influenzae to Type 29 and Type 6 Pneumococci
- Author
-
H. D. Zepp and Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
stomatognathic system ,Antigen ,Quellung reaction ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Microbiology - Abstract
ConclusionFour strains of type 6 pneumococci and 4 strains of type 29 pneumococci have been encountered which appear to have one or more capsular antigens in common with 7 strains of type B H. influenzae which have recently beeen recovered from the spinal fluid or blood of infants. This relationship has been demonstrated by the capsular quellung method.
- Published
- 1943
37. Diphtheria
- Author
-
Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Diphtheria Toxoid ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Immunization, Secondary ,Animals ,Humans ,Diphtheria ,Diphtheria Toxin ,Immunization ,Prognosis ,Diphtheria Antitoxin - Published
- 1979
38. Acceptance of the Howland Award
- Author
-
Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Awards and Prizes ,Library science ,Sociology ,History, 20th Century ,Pediatrics ,United States - Published
- 1982
39. Penicillin prophylaxis and neonatal streptococcal disease
- Author
-
Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gonococcal ophthalmia ,Streptococcal disease ,Penicillins ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Controlled studies ,Group B ,Infant, Newborn, Diseases ,Streptococcus agalactiae ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Streptococcal Infections ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Maternal-Fetal Exchange ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Ophthalmia Neonatorum ,Immunization ,bacteria ,Female ,Penicillin prophylaxis ,business - Abstract
Despite a number of efforts no means of preventing neonatal group B beta-hemolytic strep (GBS) infection by maternal treatment or immunization has proved effective. But impetus to a direct approach to the infant has been provided by the serendipitous discovery that routine penicillin prophylaxis for gonococcal ophthalmia may also protect against GBS. Large-scale controlled studies are now under way.
- Published
- 1980
40. Reaction of fungal products with amebocyte lysates of the Japanese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus
- Author
-
Horace L. Hodes, Alexander C. Hyatt, Dennis Heon, David S. Hodes, and Ada Hass
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Tachypleus tridentatus ,Amebocyte ,Fungal protein ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Horseshoe crab ,Microbiology ,Candida tropicalis ,Endotoxins ,Fungal Proteins ,Cryptococcus ,Mucor ,Limulus ,Candida albicans ,Horseshoe Crabs ,Cryptococcus neoformans ,Animals ,Humans ,Glucans ,Limulus Test ,Tachypleus ,Candida ,Research Article - Abstract
A commercially available endotoxin assay (CS-TAL) employing a chromogenic peptide and an amebocyte lysate from the Japanese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, gave a positive result with aqueous extracts of all 15 strains of Candida albicans and 1 strain each of Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, and a Mucor species that we tested. Purified glucans prepared from the Candida strains gave the same results. Reconstruction experiments showed that the positive results were not due to contaminating endotoxin. By contrast, assays employing amebocyte lysates of the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, were inconsistent. Japanese workers have presented evidence that glucans activate the Tachypleus amebocyte lysate system by acting on an enzyme different from that on which endotoxin acts. Using a Tachypleus lysate preparation (Endospecy; Seikagaku Kogyo, Tokyo, Japan) from which this enzyme was excluded, we demonstrated a 5- to 10-fold drop in reactivity to the aqueous Candida extracts and glucans, whereas reactivity to endotoxin was unchanged. Normal human plasma was shown to decrease the effect of fungal extracts on CS-TAL. This inhibition was completely removed by heating the plasma. Our results suggest that Tachypleus systems may be of use clinically in distinguishing bacterial from fungal infections.
- Published
- 1987
41. American Pediatric Society presidential address
- Author
-
Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine ,Swine ,Research ,Library science ,History, 20th Century ,Reoviridae ,Pediatrics ,Parvoviridae ,United States ,Article ,Gastroenteritis ,Political science ,Presidential address ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Diarrhea, Infantile ,Animals ,Humans ,RNA Viruses ,Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease ,Cattle ,Societies, Medical - Published
- 1976
42. Endotoxin levels in immunocompromised children with fever
- Author
-
Horace L. Hodes, Ada Hass, Alexander C. Hyatt, David S. Hodes, and Mark I. Rossberg
- Subjects
Adult ,Adolescent ,Fever ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Limulus test ,Immune tolerance ,Neoplasms ,Immune Tolerance ,Medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Limulus Test ,media_common ,business.industry ,Convalescence ,Infant ,Bacterial Infections ,Unexplained fever ,medicine.disease ,Endotoxins ,Limulus amebocyte lysate ,Bacteremia ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Normal children ,Immunology ,business - Abstract
Febrile episodes for which no cause can be found are common in immunocompromised children. We postulated that circulating endotoxin, a known pyrogen, might be responsible for some of these episodes in the absence of documented infection. Plasma endotoxin levels were assayed using a recently developed Limulus amebocyte lysate assay enhanced in sensitivity and objectivity by the addition of a chromogenic substrate. Eighty-seven plasma endotoxin determinations were made in 36 immunocompromised children with fever. Convalescent endotoxin levels and levels in normal children were also obtained. It was concluded that a plasma endotoxin level of 35 pg (0.10 EU)/ml constitutes the upper limit of normal in children. Five children (14%) had elevated endotoxin levels in the course of the febrile episodes, in the absence of bacteremia or clinically diagnosed infection. In each case, the levels returned to normal during convalescence. It is concluded that endotoxemia is a possible cause or contributing cause of unexplained fever in immunocompromised children.
- Published
- 1986
43. Treatment of Salmonella gastroenteritis in infants. The significance of bacteremia
- Author
-
Andrew H. Eichenfield, Harold S. Raucher, and Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Salmonella ,Pediatrics ,medicine.drug_class ,Antibiotics ,medicine.disease_cause ,Sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Ampicillin ,medicine ,Humans ,Blood culture ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Gastroenteritis ,Bacteremia ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Salmonella Infections ,business ,Meningitis ,medicine.drug - Abstract
During 1981, we treated 20 infants, less than 24 months old, for nontyphoid Salmonella (NTSal) gastroenteritis (GE). Blood cultures were obtained in 17 cases, and Salmonella bacter emia was demonstrated in 8 (47%). Of the 13 children 3 to 24 months of age, 7 (54%) had positive blood cultures. One child (8 months old) appeared septic. The patients with bacteremia were treated with parenteral ampicillin. All 20 infants recovered, and no focal infectious com plications occurred. The incidence of bacteremia in NTSal GE is highest in children under 2 years of age. Previous reports have shown that the peak incidence occurs among infants less than 3 months of age. An infant with Salmonella bacteremia may be afebrile and show no symptoms of sepsis. In most cases, bacteremia is transient and does not alter the course of NTSal GE, but it may result in life-threatening complications such as septicemia and meningitis. Therefore we believe an infant with NTSal GE under 3 months old should have a blood culture and receive antibiotic treatment.
- Published
- 1983
44. TREATMENT OF PNEUMOCOCCIC MENINGITIS WITH SULFAPYRIDINE
- Author
-
Horace L. Hodes, George W. Burnett, and Harry S. Gimbel
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pneumonia ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Sulfapyridine ,medicine.disease ,business ,Meningitis ,Sodium salt ,Surgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Since the demonstration by Whitby 1 of the effectiveness of sulfapyridine against pneumococcic infections in mice, many clinical reports have shown that the drug is of definite value in the treatment of pneumonia in man. It appears that the mortality rate from pneumonia in both children and adults is reduced when sulfapyridine is used. 2 Reports have appeared which indicate that the drug may be of value also in pneumococcic meningitis. 3 However, the number of cases thus far described is so small that one cannot be certain that the prognosis in this disease will be, in general, altered by the use of sulfapyridine. There are published in the literature the records of only fourteen patients with pneumococcic meningitis who were treated with sulfapyridine alone. Eight of the fourteen recovered. The present communication deals with the use of sulfapyridine and its sodium salt 4 in the treatment of seventeen patients with pneumococcic meningitis admitted to the Sydenham Hospital between October 1938 and May 1939. Eight of these seventeen (47 per cent) recovered completely. Antipneumococcic serum
- Published
- 1939
45. Diarrhea of newborn and older infants due to viruses
- Author
-
Horace L. Hodes
- Subjects
Diarrhea ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Infant, Newborn, Diseases ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Virus Diseases ,Viruses ,medicine ,Humans ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Child - Published
- 1956
46. Streptococcal Infections in a Naval Training Station
- Author
-
Beach M. Chenoweth, Lawrence C. Kingsland, John L. Peck, Horace L. Hodes, and Francis F. Schwentker
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Military personnel ,Operations research ,business.industry ,Family medicine ,Carrier state ,medicine ,General Medicine ,Articles ,business ,Haemolysis ,STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS - Published
- 1943
47. The difference in elutability of poliovirus and SV40 from a DEAE column
- Author
-
Helen D. Zepp, Horace L. Hodes, and Eugene Ainbender
- Subjects
Chromatography ,Ion exchange ,Chemistry ,viruses ,Poliovirus ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,medicine.disease_cause ,complex mixtures ,Virology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Enterovirus C, Human ,Sv40 virus ,Ethanolamines ,Viruses ,medicine ,Avidity ,Poliomyelitis - Abstract
SummaryThe differences in avidity for a DEAE cellulose ion exchange column exhibited by polioviruses and SV40 virus make it possible to reduce the content of SV40 virus in a mixture of the 2 viruses to a trace at most. SV40 virus has a much greater avidity for a DEAE cellulose ion exchange column than do polioviruses. This fact permits the freeing of poliovirus from detectable SV40 virus.
- Published
- 1962
48. Demonstration of IgA polioantibody in saliva, duodenal fluid and urine
- Author
-
Helen D. Zepp, Horace L. Hodes, Eugene Ainbender, Ruth Berger, and M. Magda Hevizy
- Subjects
Male ,Saliva ,Immunodiffusion ,Duodenum ,Urine ,Immunoelectrophoresis ,Antibodies ,Blood serum ,Medicine ,Humans ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Phosphorus Isotopes ,Poliovirus ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Colostrum ,Autoradiography ,Female ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
WE1 have reported that IgA polioantibody is present in the serum of adult human beings, and have also shown that nearly all of the polioantibody in human colostrum is IgA (ref. 2). Bellanti3 has shown that IgA polioantibody is also present in nasal secretions.
- Published
- 1967
49. A physical property as a virus marker. Difference in avidity of cellulose resin for virulent (Mahoney) and attenuated (LSc, 2ab) strain of type 1 poliovirus
- Author
-
Helen D. Zepp, Horace L. Hodes, and Eugene Ainbender
- Subjects
Strain (chemistry) ,Poliovirus ,Virulence ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,Virus ,Physical property ,Microbiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,medicine ,Avidity ,Cellulose ,Biomarkers ,Poliomyelitis - Published
- 1960
50. Production of O and H agglutinins by a newborn infant infected with Salmonella st. paul
- Author
-
Helen D. Zepp, M. Magda Hevizy, Ruth Berger, Horace L. Hodes, and Eugene Ainbender
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Salmonella ,Globulin ,Immune Sera ,Infant, Newborn ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,Infant newborn ,Infant, Newborn, Diseases ,Titer ,Antigen ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Antibody Formation ,Salmonella Infections ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Serum Globulins ,Antibody - Abstract
It has been shown previously that newborn infants vaccinated with killed Salmonella organisms produce little or no antibody against the somatic (O) antigen. However, a newborn infant who suffered an illness caused by Salmonella st. paul did produce a high titer of specific O and H agglutinins, both of which were IgM globulins.
- Published
- 1966
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