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The Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), designed to accurately simulate precipitation-runoff processes in various watershed types, was employed in our study to establish a model for a particular watershed. Consequently, we planned to create a rainfall-runoff model to investigate the specific characteristics of floods, assess some pre-diction models, and issue assumptions about their viability, which could be beneficial in establishing flood warning systems. The model was developed using daily precipitation data collected from different rain gauge stations in the Gilort watershed, located in southern Romania. The study employed the HEC-GeoHMS terrain processing tool, utilizing a digital elevation design to build a hydrological model. The statistical indicators used to evaluate the runoff mechanisms, specifically regression, coefficient of determination, correlation coefficient, index of agreement (Willmott index), and the root mean squared error (RMSE), showed a strong relationship between the simulated and recorded flow of the watershed. The leaking model was assessed using other statistical parameters, including the deviation of runoff volumes (Dv = 6.40%), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE = 0.908), and Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE = 0.901). These parameters confirmed that the simulated data closely matched the observed data, indicating an effective association, and were considered reliable indicators of the model's goodness of fit, ensuring its reliability and efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juglans regia L. is an edible fruit tree cultivated worldwide for its fruits and wood and as an urban tree. Globally, there is growing concern for preserving the genetic diversity of trees with high economic and ecological value. This study investigates the genetic diversity of J. regia in urban landscapes and assesses the quality of its walnut kernels as a local food product. An inventory of 150 trees from five populations in public green spaces in Lugoj, Caransebeș and Jupa, as well as two semi-natural hilly ecosystems in the Banat Region, was conducted. Molecular analyses showed that Directed Amplification of Minisatellite-region DNA (DAMD) markers were more effective than Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers, with a higher average polymorphism of 56.26%, compared to 49.44%. DAMD07 achieved 100% polymorphism and DAMD05 showed a strong balance between P.I.C. (0.35) and polymorphism (54.54%). Chemical analysis revealed the following contents in walnut kernels: protein (12.81% to 16.80%), lipids (60.39% to 69.08%), total polyphenols (5484.66 to 10,788.4 mg GAE/kg), copper (3.655 to 8.532 mg/kg), manganese (14.408 to 28.618 mg/kg), zinc (19.813 to 46.583 mg/kg), lead (1.204 to 2.27 mg/kg) and cadmium (0.03451 to 0.08065 mg/kg). These findings are critical for conservation efforts, urban forestry management and ensuring the quality and safety of walnut products derived from J. regia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper serves two key purposes. Firstly, it offers a glimpse into research conducted for a dissertation thesis, focusing on short food supply chains, food security, socio-economic aspects of the Central European rural landscape, and agricultural public policies. Secondly, it establishes a bridge between this thesis and forthcoming, more extensive studies on these subjects. The analyses extracted from the dissertation underpin the proposed hypothesis that the EU's current development directions present a significant opportunity for Romania to narrow the gap between its agricultural system and those of developed European nations. The research consists of two core components: (i) a concise exploration of the historical evolution of European goods supply networks, demonstrating how short-distance trade relationships have been integral to the continent's economic fabric for centuries and offering insights into the current status quo, and (ii) a preliminary assessment of Romania's agricultural landscape by categorizing its counties based on the legal status and agricultural holdings' dimensions. The findings suggest that Bihor County is well-suited as a testbed for innovative strategies aimed at the effective implementation of current European development directions within the Central European and Romanian contexts. Literary and quantitative investigation methods have been used. Anyways, even if these studies might shed some light in a still-cloudy realm, they are far from being profound enough. The number of consulted documents must increase and the calculations need to take into consideration more parameters to get more definite results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to analyse the agronomic characteristics of a maize variety consisting of 20 inbred lines, which are used as germplasm sources for hybrid maize production at SCDA Lovrin. The statistical analysis and interpretation of the results were carried out using IBM SPSS software. Descriptive statistics, including mean, median, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum values, were calculated. To evaluate the significance of the differences, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests, as well as Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, were performed. Pearson correlation coefficients and regression lines were determined to study the relationships between variables. The results indicate significant differences between the studied traits, such as leaf color, leaf orientation, anther color (tassel), silk color, ear position (degree), total number of leaves, number of leaves up to the main ear, and number of tassel branches. Additionally, a linear correlation was observed between the number of growing degree days (GDD) to flowering/silking and the total accumulated GDD until flowering/silking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avian Influenza is an infectious, contagious disease of an acute evolutionary type with an epizootic enzootic character, affecting numerous species of domestic and wild birds, clinically characterized by serious general disorders, accompanied by respiratory, digestive, nervous phenomena and an edema of the subcutaneous connective tissue from head and neck region, and morphopathologically through hemorrhagic lesions in various tissues and organs. At present it is spread in most European countries, America, Asia and Africa. It is of great economic importance due to its very high morbidity and mortality. Because the disease is underdiagnosed, and people do not notice the illness or mortality occurring in their livestock, the virus is very difficult to control. The number of cases of infection increases in the spring and autumn due to the migrations that migratory birds perform. They either start the migration already infected, or become infected during the migration, in the stopovers where the disease develops. Infected birds do not manage to reach the end of the migration, the body being weakened due to the fight against the virus, they can no longer fly and end up dying in the territories of the free countries, leading to new outbreaks of Avian Influenza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing, regardless of the nature of the applications, uses electromagnetic radiation to obtain images of bodies from a certain altitude (plane, satellite, balloon, helicopter) because in this way, the image can be used to obtain maps and plans, and interpretation of objects is optimal and easy. The remote sening (RS) techniques are used in a lot of studies, in the dynamics of changes in the cover of the vegetal carpet, in forecasting studies, in various fields such as: agriculture, environmental protection, forestry. Remote sensing systems are developing rapidly and support the decision-making process due to the effectiveness of remote sensing images that can provide useful spectral information. The present research had as its main purpose the study of the dynamics of entire UAT Satchinez, based on the spectral information obtained from Ladsat 8 satellite images and processed with specialized GIS and remote sensing programs namely ERDAS Imagery and ArcGIS, on the basis of which thematic maps were created with various combinations of spectral bands and 3 normalized indices of differentiation, useful in monitoring and analysis processes of the territory. It was downloaded and processed a satellite scene from the LANDSAT 8 remote sensing system, who receives satellite images in 11 spectral bands. Based on the spectral bands, various differentiation indexes useful in territorial analysis can be calculated: NDVI, SAVI, NDMI. These indices are calculated based on mathematical formulas that use the spectral bands of the remote sensing system used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the analysis of 15 cultivated maize hybrids for further selection of the hybrids that present a high yield potential and favourable agronomical traits, in the context of actual climate change. The analysis and interpretation of the obtained results was performed with the help of the IBM Spss statistical software. Descriptive characteristics were calculated: average, median, standard deviation, minimum values and maximum values. In order to analyse the significant differences, the ANOVA and Duncan statistical test was applied, respectively Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney. For the study of the links between the variables, the Pearson correlation coefficients and the regression lines were determined. The results are indicating the existence of significant differences between the analysed parameters Also, the results are corelated to the meteorological data, registered during the corresponding development phase of the plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many animal-to-human transmissible diseases have been known since ancient times, but the Pasteurian period, which was by far a turning point in the development of microbiology, is the hottest stage of accumulation, substantiation and detection of the causality and pathogenesis of many of these. Peat is an anthropozoosis spread all over the globe, and without being influenced by climate or season, it can have a sporadic, enzootic or epizootic character. The epidemiological aspect correlates with the biology of the species, the main vector. The existence of stray dogs in all regions of a country gives a very scattered character of cases of urban disturbance, with seasonal incidence, favored during the route. Rabies is an acute, sporadic-enzootic encephalomyelitis, found in all homeothermic animal species, transmissible to humans, and characterized by acute evolution with sensory and motor nervous manifestations, expressed by hyperexcitability and aggression, followed by paralysis and death. In all cases of rabies, an immediate diagnosis and urgent action is required, 32 both for animals that are disturbed or suspected of having the disease, and for those that are contaminated or suspected of being infected. As neither the clinical aspects of the macroscopic lesions are pathognomonic, the diagnosis of the disease is based on laboratory exam (virological, biological, histopathological and serological). As it is a major zoonosis, laboratory diagnostic techniques for rabies have been internationally standardized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benthic invertebrate communities, through the nature of their life cycle, are particularly sensitive to the stress caused by polluting discharge. Due to this aspect, the characteristics of the living environment act as an effective tool for detecting and reducing stress conditions. The present study was undertaken to investigate the density, numerical abundance and frequency of the benthic macro invertebrates in four different sampling points of the Bega River in the area of Timișoara and its surroundings, in order to indirectly evaluate the overall water quality condition and trends in the aquatic environment. A total of 20 water samples from each location were seasonally collected, processed and screened for the presence of benthic communities using the specific determination keys. Overall, ten groups of invertebrates including Oligochaeta subclass, Diptera order (larvae of the family Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae and Tipulidae), Lamelibranchiata, Hirudinea, Nematoda and Gastropoda classes; and Trichoptera, Isopoda, Coleoptera and Odonata orders were identified, with differences in the monitored parameters according to sampling points and seasons. The recorded values of the monitored parameters demonstrated different effects in urban towards rural environment, and the resulted consequences can be represented by undesired noticeable changes on the natural environment. The self-purification phenomenon of the Bega River is developing, with quite good results observable at the level of the monitored two sampling points located downstream from Timișoara. However, the overall water quality condition, is still not superior, fact proved by the absence of the most sensitive invertebrate groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, in most countries, which have reached a very high level of industrialization, technicalization and urbanization, the conservation and creation of green areas is an important means of protecting man and his living environment. Green spaces are good for human health, not only by creating a favorable microclimate and a calmer environment, with cleaner and better oxygenated air, but also by influencing the neuropsychic state. Lawn is an essential and irreplaceable element for leisure and sports and is more than just grass. It is an indispensable landscape element with multiple values, through its silky texture, attractive appearance, green color, color that represents nature and life, freshness, rebirth, hope and vigor. The aim of the research was to study the influence of differentiated hydration on physiological processes in two lawn mixtures. For this purpose we used two types of lawn, the first, Turfline, composed of a mixture of 3 types of lawn seeds (65% Festuca arundinacea Starlett; 15% Lolium perenne Double; 20% Poa pratensis Geisha) and the second RPR Regenerating, namely Lolium perenne with regeneration by stolons, both irrigated daily and every three days. For the study of differentiated hydration on the two lawn mixtures, we determined the content of chlorophyll pigments in the leaves (SPAD units) and the rate of photosynthesis (%). The results of the research show that irrigation did not significantly influence the chlorophyll content of the two types of lawn. Regarding the photosynthetic capacity of the turf mixtures under study, it is observed that this has higher values in the case of RPR Regenerating, irrigated every 3 days, which indicates that this type of lawn is more resistant to drought than Turfline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bread quality of wheat is one of the most important aspects targeted by crop technologies, given the great diversity of foods obtained from this crop and given the fact that bread is one of the main foods in the daily diet of many people. This paper highlights the role of mineral fertilization with nitrogen on the accumulation of gluten proteins. The study was conducted at SCDA Lovrin, in a long-term experiment with fertilizers. The Lab-on-a-Chip (LoaC) technique was used to extract gliadin and glutenin, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ammonium nitrate was used for fertilization, with the following graduation: N0, N30, N60, N90 and N120. Nitrogen fertilizers significantly influence the quality of wheat crop. Thus, the percentage of protein and wet gluten increase by up to 47% and 70%, respectively. The accumulation of glutenins and glutenins at the level of molecular weight, increases exponentially with the dose of fertilizer administered to the crop, the highest values being registered at doses N90 kg / ha and N120 kg / ha, values statistically assured very significant for the probability of transgression of 0.1%. Also, the gliadin / glutenin ratio, whose value is an indicator for the bread quality of the grains, records the best value (as close as possible to 1) in the variant fertilized with the maximum dose of nitrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the topic is to research ecological indices resulting from the analysis of zoo-benthos communities in order to use them combined as a method of diagnosing the water quality of the Bega River in the area of Timisoara. A major importance in achieving the strategy of conserving the biodiversity of benthic habitats is the study of benthos, especially for understanding the changes that occur in the qualitative parameters of zoo-benthic communities, but also their habitats under the influence of different types of anthropogenic pressures. The present study started in February 2014 and took place over a period of two years in which quantitative samples of benthos were taken seasonally. By locating the sampling stations at various representative points of the Bega River, upstream and downstream of the central area of Timisoara, it was possible to conduct a general analysis and investigation of benthic macro invertebrates communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of geomatics technologies in the mining engineering field, presents a modern approach for the conservation and greening of the areas affected by open or underground pits. The purpose of this research is to accomplish a threedimensional model of the active waste dump of the Uricani Mine. Based on the three-dimensional model, the volumes of deposited waste ore could be determined and it could be created an overview map of the area that will be subjected to greening: landscaping and revegetation. The greening works involve the landscaping, geometry, weeding and afforestation of the landfill area that has an area of 3.68 ha. In this context, the use of modern photogrammetric (UAV) and satellite (GNSS) measurement technologies, have been the fundamental basis for data acquisition from the field with a high precision, in order to achieve the three-dimensional model of the studied area. The combination of the satellite methods with the photogrammetric ones has led to the creation of an accurate 3D model that will be fundamental in the process of greening the waste dump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anthropic impact, having various forms, negatively changes the parameters of water quality and disturbs the living environment of benthic macroinvertebrates. The purpose of the present study is to present how the main sources of pollution influence the way of life of the benthic macroinvertebrates community. 20 quantitative benthic samples were collected from different benthic areas of the Bega River water during from June 2014 to February 2017. In addition to identify all the changes that occur in the structure of macroinvertebrates community due to the activities performed by the human population. For the study to lead to conclusive results, samples were collected upstream and downstream from the main sources of pollution. Macroinvertebrates identified the macroinvertebrates and performed tests to determine the density, abundance and frequency of the samples. Based on these data, it is observed that, the presence of benthic macroinvertebrates that are sensitive to pollutants and higher-quality water in the upstream segment waters sector compared to the waters of the central segment where we identified benthic macroinvertebrates that prefer a polluted living environment. In the downstream segment, we could see that the river has a better quality, because naturally flowing on a long distance, allows an improvement in water quality through the self-purification process emphasized by the occurrence of some sensitive groups to pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disaster management and the creation of hazard maps are activities that come to minimize the damage caused by disasters through processes to prevent the destruction and degradation of the environment. Floods represent one of the most dangerous disasters and are frequently encountered in different areas of the Earth's surface. The causes of these phenomena can be natural or the result of inappropriate exploitation of human activities. Among the most frequent causes of flooding are heavy rains, storms or melting snow. The present research evaluated remote sensing methods and techniques combined with the science of geographic information systems in the analysis of floods in the Western area of Romania, as well as in the estimation of the areas affected by these floods. The studied area is located near the town of Lugoj in Timis county - Romania. Radar images (SAR) taken from the Sentinel-1A remote sensing system were used to analyze and create maps of the flooded areas. The images are not influenced by weather conditions and can be taken both during the day and at night, which provides a good source of high-resolution datasets. In conclusion, this study can provide answers to the reason for the expansion of floods in the studied area and to a more rigorous planning in order to reduce and manage risks in periods of high flood risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study compares the amounts of Zea mays, grains, cobs and stalks, harvested on fertilized / unfertilized variant with different fertilizers: M-control, V1-fertilized with sewage sludge 50 t/ha + indigenous volcanic tuff, 5 t/ha, V2- fertilized with sewage sludge 50 t/ha, V3-fertilized with cattle manure, 50 t/ha. The amount of grains and cobs harvested from variant fertilized with cattle manure or sewage sludge mixed with indigenous volcanic tuff were similar. The amount of cobs and grains harvests from variant fertilized with sewage sludge mixed with indigenous volcanic tuff were higher between 15.1-17.5%, respectively 15.4-19.1% than those harvested from variant fertilized with sewage sludge. The indigenous volcanic tuff used as addition at sewage sludge was an important factor for the reduction of bioavailability of metals in the aerial tissues of the plant. The amount of toxic metals, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn from the tissues of Zea mays plants was below the maximum limits allowed by the UE rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study has been elaborated with the aim of justifying the high efficiency of in-situ slaughterhouse sludge recycling and its usage in Lolium perenne cultures. Stabilized slaughterhouse sludge was used to complete the high deficiency in nutrients of the poor terrains. Slaughterhouse sludge represents an excessive, final by product from a meat-processing unit in Western Romania. It contains 59.78-90.77% easily bio-degradable organic substances. Moreover, it has compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus, total N=1.922-3.318%, total P=1107-1126mg•kg-1D.M. The experimental variants have been prepared, having the following characteristics: control variants of nonfertilized soils and variants of soils fertilized with slaughterhouse sludge, 50t•ha-1. The experimental variants used were arranged in a completely randomized block design, with three replicates each. The efficiency of fertilization with slaughterhouse sludge was a 30-35% rise in the quantity of grass harvested vs. the quantities harvested from the control variants. The quantity of Cd and Pb has been determined from the aerial parts of the harvested plants and they were below the maximum limit admitted by the sanitary regulations in Romania. Cr didn't bio-accumulate in plants at a detection limit. The quantity of other metals determined from the aerial parts of the plants was low: i.e. <10mg•kg-1D.M. for Cu or Ni <50mg•kg-1D.M. for Zn, <150mg•kg-1D.M.for Mn. Green feed harvested from fields fertilized with slaughterhouse sludge can be part of animal nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Evening star (Oenothera biennis L.) is being commonly named as "the king that cures everything" and represented an important element in folk medicine after 1916, after having been sent to Europe. The experiments have been set up in Câmpia Banatului, in Timiş County more precisely (U.S.A.M.V.B. territory in Timişoara) on a cambic chernozem type of soil and in Bihor county, more precisely in Depresiunea Beiuşului, on a clay loam soil type. Researches have been carried out during 2011-2012, in two sowing periods: the third decade of March and the third decade of October, and with three levels of fertilization with organic manure i.e. N50, N100, N150. The purpose of the research was to determine the content in oil, the oil production and the content of the two unsaturated fatty acids, in organic culture. The oil content was negatively influenced by organic fertilizers, these increased oil production by 46 kg/ha at the doses level of N50 and by 50.5 kg/ha at the doses level of N150. At the variant fertilized with N50 there was an oil production increase by 47% and 46 kg/ha respectively. By increasing the dose of nitrogen at N150, the increase in oil production was of 52%, production rose by 50,5 kg/ha. The sample with the highest content of linoleic and oleic acid was the N100 (60.28% respectively 10.72%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]