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The world, influenced by 21st century technologies and ecological challenges, has rapidly changed with more ability to "connect" locally and globally and more opportunities to learn from a range of sources. As a result, our learners and their needs have changed. With such rapid changes, conceptions of educational leadership need to reflect these changes utilizing the complexities of the role in society. As a group of educators who work in a School District, Ministry of Education and University teacher education programs, we ask how educational leaders in school districts and teacher education programs can design spaces that engage everyone, recognize everyone's expertise and share responsibility for growth and development, and how in teacher education we can begin to move away from the hierarchical, industrialized model of management to one where everyone feels engaged, valued, and heard. In this paper, we draw on sustainable and distributed leadership ideas, termed by Wheatley (2010) as the "new sciences," informed by tenets from complexity theory. Using a case study approach and narrative insights, this paper elucidates how an ongoing Professional Learning Network (PLN) called Link-to-Practice (L2P) offers an alternative conception of educational leadership.

In this series of two articles, we connect complexity theoretical frameworks of ecological dynamics and enactivism to initiatives for learning to play tennis advocated by USTA and Tennis Canada. These initiatives were inspired by the International Tennis Federation commitment to reduce the complexity of learning tennis by rescaling the game for children and novice players. This article suggests that tennis teaching is shifting from a skill and drill approach to one embracing a play-practice-play idea in line with Ecological Dynamics. Considering players as dynamic and adaptive sense-making beings, this article outlines how these initiatives create the conditions to embrace insights from motor learning in relation to a constraints-led approach, and enactivism from embodied cognition. This first article concludes with applying an enactivist teaching strategy called modification by adaptation to these tennis initiatives, showing how players of diverse ability can challenge each other, promoting more game-based dynamic learning. [For part 2, see EJ1370957.]

The second article (Part 2) builds on the theoretical and contextual foundation developed in paper one by exploring in more depth how to teach tennis based on the use of USTA modified equipment and Tennis Canada's play-practice-play program. Drawing on the enactivist cognitive approach to teaching tennis, this paper shows how tennis players, through participatory sense making processes and non-conscious behavioral mimicry, self-organize their action spaces in relation to affordances in the game environment, including their opponent. Using modification by adaptation games this paper highlights specific examples associated with common tactical concepts of time, space, risk and force that can be used to maximize players' game-based learning. [For part 1, see EJ1370956.]

Professional programs in postsecondary education have long been using electronic portfolios (ePs) for diverse purposes, for example, assessment, certification, showcasing, and learning. However, in our practices of using ePs in teacher education for the past several years, we have found that the question of "what is an eP?" requires substantial unpacking. This paper will offer insights on our evolving understanding on ePs in teacher education based on three interacting areas: (a) rich media reframing how we understand professional learning in a digitally linked world; (b) literature from the last 10 years in the use of ePs; and (c) insights from instructors and students using an eP process in one term of a teacher education program. We conclude with a re-visioning of learning in teacher education in relation to the emerging practices enabled by an eP process.

This manuscript outlines the possible benefits of nonconscious behavioural mimicry (NBM) to Physical Education (PE). The identification of NBM as an unexamined phenomenon in PE will be explored, as well as factors mediating its occurrence. Further, this manuscript will discuss the speculated origins of this phenomenon within the human species. Drawing on ecological cognition, this paper seeks to explain how students in PE could benefit from NBM in mixed ability groupings within adaptive environmental constraints. Describing a volleyball example using teaching strategies informed by both Teaching Games for Understanding and the Sport Education Model, the authors propose possible benefits and applications of this phenomenon in game-based PE lessons.

A common complaint about teacher education programs is that it follows a linear model--where theory and teaching skills are learned at the university and then applied in practicum experiences--that is inadequate and does not accurately represent teacher candidates'(TC) experiences (Brouwer & Korthagen, 2005; Korthagen, Loughran & Russell, 2006). Indeed, teacher education programs have long been faced with the challenge of a "theory/practice divide", creating what has been seen as a mechanistic separation between university programs (where it is implied theory is learned) and the practicum (where it is implied skills and strategies are learned). This divide continues once teacher candidates become teachers in their own classrooms, where the divide further widens by valuing of the practical over the theoretical. We need a new frame of reference to understand teacher education as a whole (throughout a professional career), as emerging from interconnected, non-linear, and at times unpredictable structures. Teacher education programs should form in relation to teacher professional learning, student learning, and the realities of dynamically evolving modern-day schools. In our institutions, the ongoing tension between learning sites of campus and schools is reduced in the teacher education partnership called Link2Practice, where TCs' courses are integrated in a school district program with teachers who are making inquiries into their practice. This partnership responds to the increasing need for educators to understand and remain current about the interactions between TCs, K-12 public schools' students and the pedagogy practices, informed by theory, that they advocate. This paper describes the development of the Link2Practice model and discusses its importance for teacher education.

In order for teacher education programs to act as significant scaffolds in supporting new teachers to become informed, creative and innovative members of a highly complex and valuable profession, we need to re-imagine ways in which teacher education programs operate. We need to re-imagine how courses are conceptualized and connected, how learning is shared and how knowledge, not just "professional", but embedded knowledge in authentic contexts of teaching and learning is understood, shaped and re-applied. Drawing on our collective case study of instructors' lived experience of a locally developed program in secondary teacher education called Transformative University of Victoria (TRUVIC), we offer a relational approach to knowing as an alternative to more mechanistic explanations that limit teacher growth and development. To ground our interpretation, we draw on complexity as a theory of change and emergence that supports learning as distributed, relational, adaptive and emerging.

This article explores Complexity Theory and applications of nonlinear dynamics in physical education (PE). The authors of this article discuss Complexity Theory and its applications to students and student learning. Additionally, there will be discussion of how the networking learning process associated with socio-coordinated mimicry creates a "movement conversation" between learners rooted in the relational complexity of students within a PE lesson. Finally, the authors discuss research opportunities within PE, allowing for a close collaboration between pedagogical researchers and biomechanists to examine the emergent qualities within the "movement conversations" between students. Overall, this article seeks to illustrate the possibilities of utilizing Complexity Theory within PE pedagogy and research.

In this article the authors report on research into how an ePortfolio (eP) process can address the critique that teacher education programs offer fragmented course experiences and too often focus on narrow instrumentalist approaches emphasising the "how to" and the "what works"--implying that learning how to teach is about stitching together separate pieces of knowledge transmitted in an array of teacher education courses. In contrast, the authors believe that an eP process, systematically developed within a teacher education program, "can" create a complex and self-renewing system that grows from both individual and programmatic assessment of student learning. Using the eP entries of 45 elementary pre-service teachers and interviews with eight graduating pre-service teachers, they have crafted five ethnographic fictions. These narratives, drawing on themes generated in the data analysis, offer an insight into the lived experience of being a pre-service teacher in a teacher education program that uses an eP practice. Using a complexity theoretical lens the authors show how the eP process creates the conditions that enables pre-service teachers to communicate reflective thinking about teaching as they develop an understanding of learning and learners in emergent ways. The authors show how the eP process enables pre-service teachers to form a personal and collective sense of their forming teacher identity from course and practical experiences that can be integrated into an inter-connected sense of becoming a teacher. (Contains 1 figure.)

This JAMA Insights reviews the origin of APOL1 high-risk genetic variants, defines APOL1-mediated kidney disease, and discusses recommendations for screening and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Complexity Theory and applications of nonlinear dynamics in physical education (PE). The authors of this article discuss Complexity Theory and its applications to students and student learning. Additionally, there will be discussion of how the networking learning process associated with socio-coordinated mimicry creates a "movement conversation" between learners rooted in the relational complexity of students within a PE lesson. Finally, the authors discuss research opportunities within PE, allowing for a close collaboration between pedagogical researchers and biomechanists to examine the emergent qualities within the "movement conversations" between students. Overall, this article seeks to illustrate the possibilities of utilizing Complexity Theory within PE pedagogy and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]