196 results on '"Hopp, Petter"'
Search Results
2. Review state-of-the-art of output-based methodological approaches for substantiating freedom from infection
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Meletis, Eleftherios, primary, Conrady, Beate, additional, Hopp, Petter, additional, Lurier, Thibaut, additional, Frössling, Jenny, additional, Rosendal, Thomas, additional, Faverjon, Céline, additional, Carmo, Luís Pedro, additional, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, additional, Ózsvári, László, additional, Kostoulas, Polychronis, additional, van Schaik, Gerdien, additional, Comin, Arianna, additional, Nielen, Mirjam, additional, Knific, Tanja, additional, Schulz, Jana, additional, Šerić-Haračić, Sabina, additional, Fourichon, Christine, additional, Santman-Berends, Inge, additional, and Madouasse, Aurélien, additional
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- 2024
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3. Risk-based surveillance of chronic wasting disease in semi-domestic reindeer
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Viljugrein, Hildegunn, Hopp, Petter, Benestad, Sylvie L., Våge, Jørn, and Mysterud, Atle
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- 2021
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4. Review state-of-the-art of output-based methodological approaches for substantiating freedom from infection
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Meletis, Eleftherios, Conrady, Beate, Hopp, Petter, Lurier, Thibaut, Frössling, Jenny, Rosendal, Thomas, Faverjon, Céline, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Ózsvári, László, Kostoulas, Polychronis, van Schaik, Gerdien, Comin, Arianna, Nielen, Mirjam, Knific, Tanja, Schulz, Jana, Šerić-Haračić, Sabina, Fourichon, Christine, Santman-Berends, Inge, Madouasse, Aurélien, Meletis, Eleftherios, Conrady, Beate, Hopp, Petter, Lurier, Thibaut, Frössling, Jenny, Rosendal, Thomas, Faverjon, Céline, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Ózsvári, László, Kostoulas, Polychronis, van Schaik, Gerdien, Comin, Arianna, Nielen, Mirjam, Knific, Tanja, Schulz, Jana, Šerić-Haračić, Sabina, Fourichon, Christine, Santman-Berends, Inge, and Madouasse, Aurélien
- Abstract
A wide variety of control and surveillance programmes that are designed and implemented based on country-specific conditions exists for infectious cattle diseases that are not regulated. This heterogeneity renders difficult the comparison of probabilities of freedom from infection estimated from collected surveillance data. The objectives of this review were to outline the methodological and epidemiological considerations for the estimation of probabilities of freedom from infection from surveillance information and review state-of-the-art methods estimating the probabilities of freedom from infection from heterogeneous surveillance data. Substantiating freedom from infection consists in quantifying the evidence of absence from the absence of evidence. The quantification usually consists in estimating the probability of observing no positive test result, in a given sample, assuming that the infection is present at a chosen (low) prevalence, called the design prevalence. The usual surveillance outputs are the sensitivity of surveillance and the probability of freedom from infection. A variety of factors influencing the choice of a method are presented; disease prevalence context, performance of the tests used, risk factors of infection, structure of the surveillance programme and frequency of testing. The existing methods for estimating the probability of freedom from infection are scenario trees, Bayesian belief networks, simulation methods, Bayesian prevalence estimation methods and the STOC free model. Scenario trees analysis is the current reference method for proving freedom from infection and is widely used in countries that claim freedom. Bayesian belief networks and simulation methods are considered extensions of scenario trees. They can be applied to more complex surveillance schemes and represent complex infection dynamics. Bayesian prevalence estimation methods and the STOC free model allow freedom from infection estimation at the herd-level from longit
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- 2024
5. Review state-of-the-art of output-based methodological approaches for substantiating freedom from infection
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FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, FAH – Veterinary Epidemiology, Meletis, Eleftherios, Conrady, Beate, Hopp, Petter, Lurier, Thibaut, Frössling, Jenny, Rosendal, Thomas, Faverjon, Céline, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Ózsvári, László, Kostoulas, Polychronis, van Schaik, Gerdien, Comin, Arianna, Nielen, Mirjam, Knific, Tanja, Schulz, Jana, Šerić-Haračić, Sabina, Fourichon, Christine, Santman-Berends, Inge, Madouasse, Aurélien, FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, FAH – Veterinary Epidemiology, Meletis, Eleftherios, Conrady, Beate, Hopp, Petter, Lurier, Thibaut, Frössling, Jenny, Rosendal, Thomas, Faverjon, Céline, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Ózsvári, László, Kostoulas, Polychronis, van Schaik, Gerdien, Comin, Arianna, Nielen, Mirjam, Knific, Tanja, Schulz, Jana, Šerić-Haračić, Sabina, Fourichon, Christine, Santman-Berends, Inge, and Madouasse, Aurélien
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- 2024
6. Sporadic cases of chronic wasting disease in old moose – an epidemiological study
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Hopp, Petter, primary, Rolandsen, Christer Moe, additional, Korpenfelt, Sirkka-Liisa, additional, Våge, Jørn, additional, Sörén, Kaisa, additional, Solberg, Erling Johan, additional, Averhed, Gustav, additional, Pusenius, Jyrki, additional, Rosendal, Thomas, additional, Ericsson, Göran, additional, Bakka, Haakon Christopher, additional, Mysterud, Atle, additional, Gavier-Widén, Dolores, additional, Hautaniemi, Maria, additional, Ågren, Erik, additional, Isomursu, Marja, additional, Madslien, Knut, additional, Benestad, Sylvie Lafond, additional, and Nöremark, Maria, additional
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- 2024
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7. A financial cost-benefit analysis of eradicating virulent footrot
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Asheim, Leif Jarle, Hopp, Petter, Grøneng, Gry M., Nafstad, Ola, Hegrenes, Agnar, and Vatn, Synnøve
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- 2017
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8. Hunting strategies to increase detection of chronic wasting disease in cervids
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Mysterud, Atle, Hopp, Petter, Alvseike, Kristin Ruud, Benestad, Sylvie L., Nilsen, Erlend B., Rolandsen, Christer M., Strand, Olav, Våge, Jørn, and Viljugrein, Hildegunn
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- 2020
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9. Modelling the monthly abundance of Culicoides biting midges in nine European countries using Random Forests machine learning
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Cuéllar, Ana Carolina, Kjær, Lene Jung, Baum, Andreas, Stockmarr, Anders, Skovgard, Henrik, Nielsen, Søren Achim, Andersson, Mats Gunnar, Lindström, Anders, Chirico, Jan, Lühken, Renke, Steinke, Sonja, Kiel, Ellen, Gethmann, Jörn, Conraths, Franz J., Larska, Magdalena, Smreczak, Marcin, Orłowska, Anna, Hamnes, Inger, Sviland, Ståle, Hopp, Petter, Brugger, Katharina, Rubel, Franz, Balenghien, Thomas, Garros, Claire, Rakotoarivony, Ignace, Allène, Xavier, Lhoir, Jonathan, Chavernac, David, Delécolle, Jean-Claude, Mathieu, Bruno, Delécolle, Delphine, Setier-Rio, Marie-Laure, Scheid, Bethsabée, Chueca, Miguel Ángel Miranda, Barceló, Carlos, Lucientes, Javier, Estrada, Rosa, Mathis, Alexander, Venail, Roger, Tack, Wesley, and Bødker, Rene
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- 2020
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10. Challenges and opportunities using hunters to monitor chronic wasting disease among wild reindeer in the digital era
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Mysterud, Atle, primary, Viljugrein, Hildegunn, additional, Hopp, Petter, additional, Andersen, Roy, additional, Bakka, Haakon, additional, Benestad, Sylvie L., additional, Madslien, Knut, additional, Moldal, Torfinn, additional, Rauset, Geir Rune, additional, Strand, Olav, additional, Tran, Linh, additional, Vikøren, Turid, additional, Våge, Jørn, additional, and Rolandsen, Christer M., additional
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- 2023
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11. Monthly variation in the probability of presence of adult Culicoides populations in nine European countries and the implications for targeted surveillance
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Cuéllar, Ana Carolina, Jung Kjær, Lene, Baum, Andreas, Stockmarr, Anders, Skovgard, Henrik, Nielsen, Søren Achim, Andersson, Mats Gunnar, Lindström, Anders, Chirico, Jan, Lühken, Renke, Steinke, Sonja, Kiel, Ellen, Gethmann, Jörn, Conraths, Franz J., Larska, Magdalena, Smreczak, Marcin, Orłowska, Anna, Hamnes, Inger, Sviland, Ståle, Hopp, Petter, Brugger, Katharina, Rubel, Franz, Balenghien, Thomas, Garros, Claire, Rakotoarivony, Ignace, Allène, Xavier, Lhoir, Jonathan, Chavernac, David, Delécolle, Jean-Claude, Mathieu, Bruno, Delécolle, Delphine, Setier-Rio, Marie-Laure, Venail, Roger, Scheid, Bethsabée, Chueca, Miguel Ángel Miranda, Barceló, Carlos, Lucientes, Javier, Estrada, Rosa, Mathis, Alexander, Tack, Wesley, and Bødker, René
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- 2018
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12. Kartlegging og overvåking av skrantesjuke (chronic wasting disease - CWD) 2022
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Rolandsen, Christer M., Våge, Jørn, Hopp, Petter, Benestad, Sylvie L., Viljugrein, Hildegunn, Solberg, Erling J., Andersen, Roy, Strand, Olav, Madslien, Knut, Tarpai, Attila, Veiberg, Veibjørn, Heim, Morten, Holmstrøm, Frode, and Mysterud, Atle
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CWD ,skrantesjuke ,chronic wasting disease ,red deer ,villrein ,tamrein ,kartlegging ,elg ,moose ,hjortedyr ,surveillance ,reindeer ,roe deer ,atypisk CWD ,klassisk CWD ,hjort ,rådyr - Abstract
Rolandsen, C.M., Våge, J., Hopp, P., Benestad, S.L., Viljugrein, H., Solberg, E.J., Andersen, R., Strand, O., Madslien, K., Tarpai, A., Fremstad, J., Veiberg, V., Heim, M., Holmstrøm, F., Mysterud, A. 2023. Kartlegging og overvåking av skrantesjuke (CWD) 2022. NINA Rapport 2277 / Veterinærinstituttet rapport 2023_14. 59 s. Denne rapporten oppsummerer arbeidet som er gjennomført i 2022 for å kartlegge forekomsten av CWD (chronic wasting disease, skrantesjuke), etter at sykdommen ble påvist hos villrein og elg i 2016. Den oppsummerer også totalt antall hjortedyr som er testet i perioden 2016-2022. Rapporten viser i tillegg estimert bestandsstørrelse for villreinbestanden på Hardangervidda, og hvordan antall og aldersfordeling av bukker i den stående bestanden og jaktuttaket har endret seg etter at kvotene de siste årene i stadig større grad har blitt dreid mot økt felling av bukker. Vi rapporterer også resultater knyttet til innsamling og aldersbestemmelse av fallvilt i perioden 2020-2022. I 2022 ble 17 584 hjortedyr testet for CWD, og myndighetenes mål om testing av omkring 19 000 hjortedyr ble dermed ikke helt innfridd. Det ble påvist tre tilfeller av atypisk CWD. To av disse var elgkyr, ei på 19 år fra Nord-Odal og ei 20 år gammel ku fra Tynset. Kua fra Nord-Odal ble funnet død og prøvetatt i 2021, men prøven ble mottatt ved laboratoriet i 2022 og rapporteres derfor for dette året. Videre var det ett tilfelle hos hjort, ei voksen hjortekolle fra Bremanger. Vi mottok ikke kjeven fra dette dyret, og den ble dermed ikke aldersbestemt. Hos ei åtte år gammel villreinsimle fra Hardangervidda ble det påvist klassisk CWD. Totalt i perioden 2016-2022 er klassisk CWD påvist hos 21 villrein og atypisk/sporadisk CWD er påvist hos 11 elger og tre hjorter. Det ble analysert prøver fra både hjernen og lymfeknuter fra 73 % av de undersøkte dyrene. Dette er på nivå med året før, med henholdsvis 73 %, 72 %, 78 % og 80 % i 2021, 2020, 2019 og 2018. Siden klassisk CWD så langt kun er påvist hos villrein har vi sett nærmere på andelen ett år og eldre dyr som er testet i hvert villreinområde, og deretter på andelen av disse hvor det er levert både hjerne og lymfeknute. I gjennomsnitt ble over 86 % av ett år og eldre villrein i de ulike områdene testet, mens andelen av disse med prøver fra både hjerne og lymfeknute var i gjennomsnitt 69 %. Dersom andelen felte dyr med prøver fra både lymfeknute og hjerne økes, vil det kunne gå raskere å få kunnskap om forekomst, både prevalens i områder med smitte og sannsynlighet for fravær av CWD i områder uten smitte. Det er fortsatt noen utfordringer med hensyn til kvaliteten på enkelte prøver og/eller mangelfull registrering. For et mindre antall prøver er det ikke oppgitt art, og for et noe større antall mangler det informasjon om prøven kommer fra jakt eller fallvilt. For elg og hjort ble henholdsvis omkring 23 % og 10 % av to år og eldre dyr som felles under jakt i Norge testet for CWD. Dette er lavere enn i 2021, da tilsvarende tall var henholdsvis 33 % og 21 % for elg og hjort. Dette som en følge av redusert antall kommuner hvor det har blitt tilrettelagt for prøvetaking gjennom kartleggingsprogrammet, og det avspeiler således prioriteringer gjort av Mattilsynet. I 2022 var det kun mindre endringer i andelen av registrerte fallvilt som ble testet for CWD sammenlignet med 2021. For elg, hjort og rein (også tamrein) var det en liten nedgang, mens det var en liten økning for rådyr. Målet om å øke andelen fallvilt som testes er derfor bare delvis nådd. Fra bestandsmodellen for Hardangervidda er bestandsstørrelsen før jakt i 2022 beregnet til å være 7205 (95 % CI: 7003-7406) villrein. Av dette estimerer modellen at 1134 (95 % CI: 1084-1187) er bukker som er to år og eldre. Det ble felt 479 to år og eldre bukker, og dermed var det trolig omkring 655 bukker igjen etter jakta 2022 i en bestand på 5244 (95 % CI: 5042-5445) villrein. Ved å legge strukturtellinger på Hardangervidda høsten 2022 til grunn sammen med modellberegninger, var det etter jakta 2022 trolig igjen omkring 373 tre år og eldre bukker. Dette tilsvarer ca. 7 % av bestanden, og er noe høyere enn myndighetens mål om å holde denne prosentandelen mellom 0 og 3. Basert på alder estimert fra innsamla kjever fra villrein på Hardangervidda, har det vært en betydelig nedgang i andelen bukker 5 år og eldre de siste årene. Dette skyldes at jakttrykket på de største og eldste bukkene har vært høyt, med påfølgende redusert gjennomsnittsalder blant 3 år og eldre bukker i den stående bestanden. Den omfattende overvåkingen gjør at vi nå med rimelig sikkerhet vet at CWD ikke er utbredt med høy forekomst blant hjortedyr i Norge. Når man startet overvåking i 2016, oppdaget man allerede i løpet av den første jakthøsten nye tilfeller i Nordfjella sone 1 med en beregnet CWD-forekomst på 0,6 % av simler og 1,8 % av bukker (voksne dyr to år og eldre). Det krevde til sammenlikning et veldig stort prøvetall over flere år for å oppdage CWD på Hardangervidda med en beregnet forekomst på under 0,1 %. Erfaringer fra USA tilsier at det kan ta over 10 år før en forekomst har vokst til 1 % infiserte dyr i en bestand. Usikkerheten rundt forvaltningen er derfor i hovedsak knyttet til utfordringer med å oppdage og beregne forekomsten av CWD i en tidlig fase av et utbrudd. I rapporten har vi gjennomgått metodikken som er utviklet for å dokumentere sannsynlighet for fravær av lave forekomster av CWD i villreinbestander. Rolandsen, C.M., Våge, J., Hopp, P., Benestad, S.L., Viljugrein, H., Solberg, E.J., Andersen, R., Strand, O., Madslien, K., Tarpai, A., Fremstad, J., Veiberg, V., Heim, M., Holmstrøm, F., Mysterud, A. 2022. Surveillance of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Norway 2022. NINA Report 2277 / Norwegian Veterinary Institute Report 2023_14. 59 pp. This report summarizes the results of the Norwegian surveillance program for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in 2022, and the yearly and total number of cervids tested in the period 2016-2021. We also report the estimated population size for the wild reindeer population at Hardangervidda, where classical CWD has been detected in two reindeer, and how the number and age distribution of males in this population has changed because of management decisions following the discovery of CWD in 2020. In 2022, 17,584 deer were tested for CWD, and this was somewhat lower than the authorities' goal of testing around 19,000 deer. Three cases of atypical/sporadic CWD were detected in 2022. Two moose, a 19-year-old female from Nord-Odal and a 20-year-old female from Tynset municipality. The female from Nord-Odal was found dead and sampled in 2021, but the sample was received at the laboratory in 2022 and is therefore reported for this year. Furthermore, one case was detected in a female red deer from Bremanger. Unfortunately, we did not receive the lower mandible or any teeth from this individual and the exact age is therefore unknown. Classical CWD was detected in an 8-year-old female reindeer from Hardangervidda. In total, in the period 2016-2022, classical CWD has been detected in 21 wild reindeer and atypical/sporadic CWD has been detected in 11 moose and three red deer. Samples from both the brain and lymph nodes were analyzed from 73% of tested cervids. This is approximately similar to the previous years, with 73%, 72%, 78% and 80% respectively in 2021, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Classical CWD has so far only been detected in wild reindeer, and the aim is to test all wild reindeer one year and older that is shot during hunting in the 24 wild reindeer management areas. On average, 86% of one year and older wild reindeer shot during hunting were tested in 2022, while the proportion of these with samples from both brain and lymph node was on average 69%. There are still some challenges with poor sample quality and with data registered for some samples. For a smaller number of samples, the species is not stated, and for some we lack information on whether the sample came from hunting or from animals found dead for other reasons. It is a goal to get samples that can be tested for CWD from as many as practically possible of wild cervids found dead for other reasons than hunting. In 2022, the proportion of tested cervids found dead for other reasons than hunting was approximately similar to 2021. From the population estimation model for Hardangervidda, the population size before hunting in 2022 was calculated to be 7,205 (95% CI: 7,003-7,406) wild reindeer. Of this, the model estimated that 1,134 (95% CI: 1,084-1,187) were males two years and older. Of these, 479 two-year-old and older males were shot during hunting, and thus there were probably around 655 males left after the 2022 hunt in a population of 5,244 (95% CI: 5,042-5,445) wild reindeer. Based on population structure surveys at Hardangervidda after the autumn hunting season in 2022, together with model calculations, there were probably around 373 three-year-old and older males left. This corresponds to approximately seven percent of the population and is somewhat higher than the authority's target of keeping this percentage between 0 and 3. Based on age composition of reindeer aged by counting cementum annuli in teeth of jaws collected from hunting at Hardangervidda, there has been a significant decrease in the proportion of 5 year and older males. The extensive monitoring means that we now know with reasonable certainty that CWD is not widespread with a high prevalence among cervids in Norway. When extensive monitoring was started in 2016, new cases among wild reindeer were already discovered during the first hunting season in Nordfjella zone 1 with a calculated CWD prevalence of 0.6% of adult females and 1.8% of adult males. By comparison, it required a very large number of samples over several years to detect CWD on Hardangervidda with an estimated prevalence of less than 0.1%. The uncertainty surrounding management is therefore mainly linked to challenges of detecting and calculating the prevalence of CWD in an early phase of an outbreak. In the report, we have described the methodology that has been developed to document the probability of the absence of low prevalence’s of CWD in wild reindeer populations.
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- 2023
13. Estimation of the probability of freedom from Bovine virus diarrhoea virus in Norway using scenario tree modelling
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Norström, Madelaine, Jonsson, Malin E., Åkerstedt, Johan, Whist, Anne Cathrine, Kristoffersen, Anja Bråthen, Sviland, Ståle, Hopp, Petter, and Wahlström, Helene
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- 2014
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14. A longitudinal study of the risks for introduction of severe footrot into sheep flocks in the south west of Norway
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Grøneng, Gry M., Green, Laura E., Kaler, Jasmeet, Vatn, Synnøve, and Hopp, Petter
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- 2014
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15. Spatial and temporal variation in the abundance of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in nine European countries
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Cuéllar, Ana Carolina, Kjær, Lene Jung, Kirkeby, Carsten, Skovgard, Henrik, Nielsen, Søren Achim, Stockmarr, Anders, Andersson, Gunnar, Lindstrom, Anders, Chirico, Jan, Lühken, Renke, Steinke, Sonja, Kiel, Ellen, Gethmann, Jörn, Conraths, Franz J., Larska, Magdalena, Hamnes, Inger, Sviland, Ståle, Hopp, Petter, Brugger, Katharina, Rubel, Franz, Balenghien, Thomas, Garros, Claire, Rakotoarivony, Ignace, Allène, Xavier, Lhoir, Jonathan, Chavernac, David, Delécolle, Jean-Claude, Mathieu, Bruno, Delécolle, Delphine, Setier-Rio, Marie-Laure, Venail, Roger, Scheid, Bethsabée, Chueca, Miguel Ángel Miranda, Barceló, Carlos, Lucientes, Javier, Estrada, Rosa, Mathis, Alexander, Tack, Wesley, and Bødker, Rene
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- 2018
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16. Corrigendum: Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe (Front. Vet. Sci., (2021), 8, (688078), 10.3389/fvets.2021.688078)
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Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Juste, Ramon A., Thulke, Hans Hermann, van Schaik, Gerdien, Yıldız, Ramazan, Gunn, George John, Graham, David A., Houe, Hans, Vilček, Štefan, Ocepek, Matjaž, Fourichon, Christine, Balseiro, Ana, Polak, Mirosław P., Ózsvári, L., Toplak, Ivan, Kaler, Jasmeet, Pelkonen, Sinikka, Kostoulas, Polychronis, Santman-Berends, Inge M.G.A., Frössling, Jenny, Conrady, Beate, Starič, Jože, Gethmann, Jörn Martin, Berezowski, John Andrew, Madouasse, Aurélien, Sáez, José Luís, Strain, Sam A.J., Ježek, J., Ribbens, Stefaan, Hopp, Petter, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Niculae, Mihaela, Faverjon, Céline, Papadopoulos, Th, Gomes, Jacinto, Mõtus, Kerli, Chaligiannis, Ιlias, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Niza-Ribeiro, João José Rato, Autio, Tiina, Davidov, Ivana, Dispas, Marc, Gerilovych, Anton Pavlovych, Šerić – Haračić, Sabina, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Knific, Tanja, Pozzato, Nicola, Duarte, E. L., Henry, Madeleine K., Roch, Franz Ferdinand, Cvetkovikj, Iskra, Šatrán, Petr, Kaplan, Selçuk, Kovalenko, Kaspars, Mandelík, René, Papadopoulos, D., Djadjovski, Igor, Koleci, Xhelil, Tamminen, Lena Mari, Alishani, Mentor, Sekovska, Blagica, Meletis, Eleftherios, Acinger-Rogić, Žaklin, Costa, Lina, Nikitović, Jelena, Tuunainen, Erja, Muñoz-Gómez, Violeta, Verner, Sharon, Mincu, Madalina, Rapaliuté, Eglė, Irimia, Elena, Rosenbaum Nielsen, Liza, Schwan, Ebba, Guelbenzu, Maria, Kneževič, Nada, and Tangen-Opsal, Marie
- Abstract
In the original article, there was an error. We used the phrase “non-regulated” for cattle diseases that are in fact listed in the New Animal Health Law that went into force in 2021. A correction has beenmade toAbstract. The corrected section is shown below. Copyright © 2022, Hodnik, Acinger-Rogić, Alishani, Autio, Balseiro, Berezowski, Carmo, Chaligiannis, Conrady, Costa, Cvetkovikj, Davidov, Dispas, Djadjovski, Duarte, Faverjon, Fourichon, Frössling, Gerilovych, Gethmann, Gomes, Graham, Guelbenzu, Gunn, Henry, Hopp, Houe, Irimia, Ježek, Juste, Kalaitzakis, Kaler, Kaplan, Kostoulas, Kovalenko, Kneževič, Knific, Koleci, Madouasse, Malakauskas, Mandelik, Meletis, Mincu, Mõtus, Muñoz-Gómez, Niculae, Nikitović, Ocepek, Tangen-Opsal, Ózsvári, Papadopoulos, Papadopoulos, Pelkonen, Polak, Pozzato, Rapaliuté, Ribbens, Niza-Ribeiro, Roch, Rosenbaum Nielsen, Saez, Nielsen, van Schaik, Schwan, Sekovska, Starič, Strain, Šatran, Šerić-Haračić, Tamminen, Thulke, Toplak, Tuunainen, Verner, Vilček, Yildiz and Santman-Berends
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- 2022
17. Corrigendum: Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe
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Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Acinger-Rogić, Žaklin, Alishani, Mentor, Autio, Tiina, Balseiro, Ana, Berezowski, John, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Chaligiannis, Ilias, Conrady, Beate, Costa, Lina, Cvetkovikj, Iskra, Davidov, Ivana, Dispas, Marc, Djadjovski, Igor, Duarte, Elsa Leclerc, Faverjon, Céline, Fourichon, Christine, Frössling, Jenny, Gerilovych, Anton, Gethmann, Jörn, Gomes, Jacinto, Graham, David, Guelbenzu, Maria, Gunn, George J., Henry, Madeleine K., Hopp, Petter, Houe, Hans, Irimia, Elena, Ježek, Jožica, Juste, Ramon A., Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Kaler, Jasmeet, Kaplan, Selcuk, Kostoulas, Polychronis, Kovalenko, Kaspars, Kneževič, Nada, Knific, Tanja, Koleci, Xhelil, Madouasse, Aurélien, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Mandelik, Rene, Meletis, Eleftherios, Mincu, Madalina, Mõtus, Kerli, Muñoz-Gómez, Violeta, Niculae, Mihaela, Nikitović, Jelena, Ocepek, Matjaž, Tangen-Opsal, Marie, Ózsvári, László, Papadopoulos, Dimitrios, Papadopoulos, Theofilos, Pelkonen, Sinikka, Polak, Miroslaw Pawel, Pozzato, Nicola, Rapaliuté, Eglé, Ribbens, Stefaan, Niza-Ribeiro, João, Roch, Franz Ferdinand, Rosenbaum Nielsen, Liza, Saez, Jose Luis, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, van Schaik, Gerdien, Schwan, Ebba, Sekovska, Blagica, Starič, Jože, Strain, Sam, Šatran, Petr, Šerić-Haračić, Sabina, Tamminen, Lena Mari, Thulke, Hans Hermann, Toplak, Ivan, Tuunainen, Erja, Verner, Sharon, Vilček, Štefan, Yildiz, Ramazan, Santman-Berends, Inge M.G.A., FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, dFAH AVR, and Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren
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control programmes ,Europe ,disease control ,output-based standards ,cattle ,SOUND control ,veterinary(all) - Abstract
A Corrigendum on Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe (Front. Vet. Sci., (2021), 8, (688078), 10.3389/fvets.2021.688078)
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- 2022
18. Digivet deliverable 2.1
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Dórea, Fernanda, Ewerlöf, Ivana Rodriguez, Wonhee Cha, Widgren, Stefan, Hopp, Petter, Viltrop, Arvo, Denwood, Matt, and Enright, Jessica
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health surveillance ,FAIR data ,animal health ,public health ,digitalisation - Abstract
This deliverable reports the results of “Task 2.1 Data Collection, Curation, Preservation”; and the first sub-task in “Task 2.2 Data FAIRness”. It describes, in particular,a discussion on data FAIRness for each individual data source across all case studies and countries involved. NordForsk project ID 97424 – 2021-2023
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- 2022
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19. Corrigendum: Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe
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FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, dFAH AVR, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Acinger-Rogić, Žaklin, Alishani, Mentor, Autio, Tiina, Balseiro, Ana, Berezowski, John, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Chaligiannis, Ilias, Conrady, Beate, Costa, Lina, Cvetkovikj, Iskra, Davidov, Ivana, Dispas, Marc, Djadjovski, Igor, Duarte, Elsa Leclerc, Faverjon, Céline, Fourichon, Christine, Frössling, Jenny, Gerilovych, Anton, Gethmann, Jörn, Gomes, Jacinto, Graham, David, Guelbenzu, Maria, Gunn, George J., Henry, Madeleine K., Hopp, Petter, Houe, Hans, Irimia, Elena, Ježek, Jožica, Juste, Ramon A., Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Kaler, Jasmeet, Kaplan, Selcuk, Kostoulas, Polychronis, Kovalenko, Kaspars, Kneževič, Nada, Knific, Tanja, Koleci, Xhelil, Madouasse, Aurélien, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Mandelik, Rene, Meletis, Eleftherios, Mincu, Madalina, Mõtus, Kerli, Muñoz-Gómez, Violeta, Niculae, Mihaela, Nikitović, Jelena, Ocepek, Matjaž, Tangen-Opsal, Marie, Ózsvári, László, Papadopoulos, Dimitrios, Papadopoulos, Theofilos, Pelkonen, Sinikka, Polak, Miroslaw Pawel, Pozzato, Nicola, Rapaliuté, Eglé, Ribbens, Stefaan, Niza-Ribeiro, João, Roch, Franz Ferdinand, Rosenbaum Nielsen, Liza, Saez, Jose Luis, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, van Schaik, Gerdien, Schwan, Ebba, Sekovska, Blagica, Starič, Jože, Strain, Sam, Šatran, Petr, Šerić-Haračić, Sabina, Tamminen, Lena Mari, Thulke, Hans Hermann, Toplak, Ivan, Tuunainen, Erja, Verner, Sharon, Vilček, Štefan, Yildiz, Ramazan, Santman-Berends, Inge M.G.A., FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, dFAH AVR, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Acinger-Rogić, Žaklin, Alishani, Mentor, Autio, Tiina, Balseiro, Ana, Berezowski, John, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Chaligiannis, Ilias, Conrady, Beate, Costa, Lina, Cvetkovikj, Iskra, Davidov, Ivana, Dispas, Marc, Djadjovski, Igor, Duarte, Elsa Leclerc, Faverjon, Céline, Fourichon, Christine, Frössling, Jenny, Gerilovych, Anton, Gethmann, Jörn, Gomes, Jacinto, Graham, David, Guelbenzu, Maria, Gunn, George J., Henry, Madeleine K., Hopp, Petter, Houe, Hans, Irimia, Elena, Ježek, Jožica, Juste, Ramon A., Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Kaler, Jasmeet, Kaplan, Selcuk, Kostoulas, Polychronis, Kovalenko, Kaspars, Kneževič, Nada, Knific, Tanja, Koleci, Xhelil, Madouasse, Aurélien, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Mandelik, Rene, Meletis, Eleftherios, Mincu, Madalina, Mõtus, Kerli, Muñoz-Gómez, Violeta, Niculae, Mihaela, Nikitović, Jelena, Ocepek, Matjaž, Tangen-Opsal, Marie, Ózsvári, László, Papadopoulos, Dimitrios, Papadopoulos, Theofilos, Pelkonen, Sinikka, Polak, Miroslaw Pawel, Pozzato, Nicola, Rapaliuté, Eglé, Ribbens, Stefaan, Niza-Ribeiro, João, Roch, Franz Ferdinand, Rosenbaum Nielsen, Liza, Saez, Jose Luis, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, van Schaik, Gerdien, Schwan, Ebba, Sekovska, Blagica, Starič, Jože, Strain, Sam, Šatran, Petr, Šerić-Haračić, Sabina, Tamminen, Lena Mari, Thulke, Hans Hermann, Toplak, Ivan, Tuunainen, Erja, Verner, Sharon, Vilček, Štefan, Yildiz, Ramazan, and Santman-Berends, Inge M.G.A.
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- 2022
20. A One Health real-time surveillance system for nowcasting Campylobacter gastrointestinal outbreaks, Norway, week 30 2010 to week 11 2022
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Swanson, David Michael, Koren, Clémence, Hopp, Petter, Jonsson, Malin E, Rø, Gunnar Øyvind Isaksson, White, Richard Aubrey, and Grøneng, Gry Marysol
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Background Campylobacter is a leading cause of food and waterborne illness. Monitoring and modelling Campylobacter at chicken broiler farms, combined with weather pattern surveillance, can aid nowcasting of human gastrointestinal (GI) illness outbreaks. Near real-time sharing of data and model results with health authorities can help increase potential outbreak responsiveness. Aims To leverage data on weather and Campylobacter on broiler farms to build a risk model for possible human Campylobacter outbreaks and to communicate risk assessments with health authorities. Methods We developed a spatio-temporal random effects model for weekly GI illness consultations in Norwegian municipalities with Campylobacter monitoring and weather data from week 30 2010 to 11 2022 to give 1-week nowcasts of GI illness outbreaks. The approach combined a municipality random effects baseline model for seasonally-adjusted GI illness with a second model for peak deviations from that baseline. Model results are communicated to national and local stakeholders through an interactive website: Sykdomspulsen One Health. Results Lagged temperature and precipitation covariates, as well as 2-week-lagged positive Campylobacter sampling in broilers, were associated with higher levels of GI consultations. Significant inter-municipality variability in outbreak nowcasts were observed. Conclusions Campylobacter surveillance in broilers can be useful in GI illness outbreak nowcasting. Surveillance of Campylobacter along potential pathways from the environment to illness such as via water system monitoring may improve nowcasting. A One Health system that communicates near real-time surveillance data and nowcast changes in risk to health professionals facilitates the prevention of Campylobacter outbreaks and reduces impact on human health.
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- 2022
21. Kartlegging og overvåking av skrantesjuke (chronic wasting disease - CWD) 2021
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Rolandsen, Christer M., Våge, Jørn, Hopp, Petter, Benestad, Sylvie L., Viljugrein, Hildegunn, Solberg, Erling, Nilsen, Erlend B., Andersen, Roy, Strand, Olav, Vikøren, Turid, Madslien, Knut, Tarpai, Attila, Veiberg, Vebjørn, Heim, Morten, Holmstrøm, Frode, and Mysterud, Atle
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CWD ,skrantesjuke ,chronic wasting disease ,red deer ,villrein ,tamrein ,kartlegging ,elg ,moose ,hjortedyr ,surveillance ,reindeer ,roe deer ,atypisk CWD ,klassisk CWD ,hjort ,rådyr - Abstract
Rolandsen, C.M., Våge, J., Hopp, P., Benestad, S.L., Viljugrein, H., Solberg, E.J., Nilsen, E.B, Andersen, R., Strand, O., Vikøren, T., Madslien, K., Tarpai, A., Fremstad, J., Veiberg, V., Heim, M., Holmstrøm, F., Mysterud, A. 2022. Kartlegging og overvåking av skrantesjuke (CWD) 2021. NINA Rapport 2158 / Veterinærinstituttet rapport 22, 2022. 52 s. Denne rapporten oppsummerer arbeidet som er gjennomført i 2021 for å kartlegge forekomsten av CWD (chronic wasting disease, skrantesjuke), etter at sykdommen ble påvist hos villrein og elg i 2016. Den oppsummerer også totalt antall hjortedyr som er testet i perioden 2016-2021. Rapporten viser i tillegg estimert bestandsstørrelse for villreinbestanden på Hardangervidda, og hvordan antall og aldersfordeling av bukker i den stående bestanden og jaktuttaket har endret seg etter at kvotene i stadig større grad har blitt dreid mot økt felling av bukk de siste årene. Avslutningsvis rapporteres de første resultatene av et arbeid som er påbegynt for å estimere andelen gamle (12 år og eldre) elger i norske elgbestander. I 2021 ble 21 661 hjortedyr testet for CWD, og myndighetenes mål om testing av omkring 22 000 hjortedyr ble dermed nådd. Det ble påvist tre tilfeller av atypisk CWD. To hos elg, ei ku på 17 år fra Vinje og en 13 år gammel okse fra Bamble. Videre ble det påvist ett tilfelle hos hjort, ei voksen kolle fra Etne. Totalt i perioden 2016-2021 er klassisk CWD påvist hos 20 villrein, og atypisk CWD er påvist hos ni elger og to hjorter. I det store og hele har innsamlingen av prøver i 2021 vært preget av god oppslutning. Det ble analysert prøver fra både hjernen og lymfeknuter fra 73 % av de undersøkte dyrene. Dette er på nivå med året før, med henholdsvis 72 %, 78 % og 80 % i 2020, 2019 og 2018. Ettersom klassisk CWD så langt kun er påvist hos villrein har vi sett nærmere på andelen 1 år og eldre dyr som er testet i hvert villreinområde, og deretter på andelen av disse hvor det er levert både hjerne og lymfeknute. I gjennomsnitt er over 83 % av felte villrein testet i ulike områder, hvorav i gjennomsnitt 77 % med prøver fra både hjerne og lymfeknute. Ved å øke andelen felte dyr med prøver fra både lymfeknute og hjerne, kan vi raskere avdekke forekomst og prevalens i områder med smitte og vi kan raskere sannsynliggjøre fravær av CWD i områder uten smitte. Det er fortsatt utfordringer med hensyn til kvaliteten på enkelte prøver og/eller at registreringen er mangelfull. For eksempel var 1 % av prøvene ikke merket med kommune eller område og 3 % manglet informasjon om art. For 21 % av prøvene fra ville hjortedyr manglet informasjon om prøven kom fra felte dyr under jakt eller fra fallvilt. Prøver mottatt i jaktsesongen har vi derfor registrert som en prøve fra et jaktet dyr. Sammenlignet med 2020, var det i 2021 en økning i andelen fallvilt testet for CWD. For elg og hjort var endringen henholdsvis 18 % til 27 % og 21 % til 30 %. Det var også en økning for villrein fra 8 % til 25 %, men antallet registrerte fallvilt av villrein er lavt. For rådyr var det ingen endring i andelen dyr testet (23 % begge år). Målet om å øke andelen fallvilt som testes er derfor delvis nådd, men det er grunn til å tro at andelen fallvilt som kan prøvetas fortsatt kan økes betydelig. Fra bestandsmodellen for Hardangervidda har vi estimert bestandsstørrelsen av villrein før jakt i 2022 til å være omkring 6863. Av dette estimerer modellen at omkring 1113 er bukk som er to år og eldre. Etter jakta 2021 beregnet modellen at det var igjen omkring 655 to år og eldre bukk i en bestand på omkring 5760 villrein. Siste års strukturtelling på Hardangervidda indikerer at de yngre bukkene (toåringer) utgjorde omtrent 43 prosent av bukkesegmentet etter jakt. Ved å legge dette til grunn antyder modellberegningene at det etter jakta i 2021 var igjen omkring 373 tre år og eldre bukk, noe som tilsvarer ca. fem prosent av bestanden. Dette er noe høyere enn myndighetens mål om å holde denne prosenten på 0-3. Vurdert fra alderssammensetningen på de innsamla kjevene, ser det ut til å være en betydelig nedgang i andelen bukk som er 5 år og eldre de siste to-tre årene. Samtidig øker andelen av tre og fire år gamle bukker blant de innsamla kjevene. Dette skyldes trolig en kombinasjon av flere forhold, herunder økt rekruttering av unge bukker som følge av lavt uttak av kalv, simler og ungdyr, og dermed også unge bukker, når avskytingen i all hovedsak har vært dreid mot voksne bukker. Det er derfor å forvente at en relativt (og uvanlig) stor andel av bestanden før jakt de siste to åra har bestått av yngre bukk. Atypisk CWD i Norge synes hovedsakelig å ramme dyr som er 12 år eller eldre, og av den grunn er det av interesse å vite om vi kan beregne, basert på variasjon i høstingsstrategier, hvor i landet vi med størst sannsynlighet kan forvente å finne elg eller hjort som er så gamle. Vi har påbegynt et arbeid hvor vi sammenligner resultater fra en teoretisk modell med data fra bestander (kommuner) hvor voksne elger er aldersbestemt. De empiriske analysene viser at aldersstrukturen i jaktuttaket av felte elgkyr i norske kommuner i stor grad samsvarer med forventningene fra modellbestandene. I gjennomsnitt var andelen gamle (12 år og eldre) elgkyr av alle voksne (2 år og eldre) elgkyr høyere i bestander med lav enn høy andel voksne dyr i jaktuttaket, og høyere i bestander med skjev kjønnsrate. I tillegg var det flere gamle elgkyr i bestander med lav produktivitet (lav kalv pr. ku). I den empiriske analysen var effekten av andel voksne dyr i jaktuttaket statistisk sikker, mens effektene av kjønnsraten og produktiviteten var mer usikker. I praksis betyr dette at vi med kunnskap om bestandenes avskytingsstrategi, kjønnsrate og kalv pr. ku-rate kan predikere den relative andelen gamle elgkyr i bestanden før og etter jakt og den relative sannsynligheten for at en skutt, voksen elgku er over 12 år.
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22. Overview of cattle diseases listed under category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for which control programmes are in place within Europe
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Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Acinger-Rogić, Žaklin, Alishani, Mentor, Autio, Tiina, Balseiro, Ana, Berezowski, John, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Chaligiannis, Ilias, Conrady, Beate, Costa, Lina, Cvetkovikj, Iskra, Davidov, Ivana, Dispas, Marc, Djadjovski, Igor, Duarte, Elsa Leclerc, Faverjon, Céline, Fourichon, Christine, Frössling, Jenny, Gerilovych, Anton, Gethmann, Jörn, Gomes, Jacinto, Graham, David, Guelbenzu, Maria, Gunn, George J, Henry, Madeleine K, Hopp, Petter, Houe, Hans, Irimia, Elena, Ježek, Jožica, Juste, Ramon A, Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Kaler, Jasmeet, Kaplan, Selçuk, Kostoulas, Polychronis, Kovalenko, Kaspars, Knezevic, Nada, Knific, Tanja, Koleci, Xhelil, Madouasse, Aurélien, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Mandelík, René, Meletis, Eleftherios, Mincu, Madalina, Mõtus, Kerli, Muñoz-Gómez, Violeta, et al, University of Zurich, and Hodnik, Jaka Jakob
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General Veterinary ,3400 General Veterinary ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,610 Medicine & health ,10599 Chair in Veterinary Epidemiology - Published
- 2021
23. A One Health real-time surveillance system for nowcasting Campylobacter gastrointestinal illness outbreaks, Norway, week 30 2010 to week 11 2022.
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Swanson, David, Koren, Clemence, Hopp, Petter, Jonsson, Malin E., Rø, Gunnar Isaksson, White, Richard A., and Grøneng, Gry Marysol
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- 2022
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24. Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe
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Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, primary, Acinger-Rogić, Žaklin, additional, Alishani, Mentor, additional, Autio, Tiina, additional, Balseiro, Ana, additional, Berezowski, John, additional, Carmo, Luís Pedro, additional, Chaligiannis, Ilias, additional, Conrady, Beate, additional, Costa, Lina, additional, Cvetkovikj, Iskra, additional, Davidov, Ivana, additional, Dispas, Marc, additional, Djadjovski, Igor, additional, Duarte, Elsa Leclerc, additional, Faverjon, Céline, additional, Fourichon, Christine, additional, Frössling, Jenny, additional, Gerilovych, Anton, additional, Gethmann, Jörn, additional, Gomes, Jacinto, additional, Graham, David, additional, Guelbenzu, Maria, additional, Gunn, George J., additional, Henry, Madeleine K., additional, Hopp, Petter, additional, Houe, Hans, additional, Irimia, Elena, additional, Ježek, Jožica, additional, Juste, Ramon A., additional, Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, additional, Kaler, Jasmeet, additional, Kaplan, Selcuk, additional, Kostoulas, Polychronis, additional, Kovalenko, Kaspars, additional, Kneževič, Nada, additional, Knific, Tanja, additional, Koleci, Xhelil, additional, Madouasse, Aurélien, additional, Malakauskas, Alvydas, additional, Mandelik, Rene, additional, Meletis, Eleftherios, additional, Mincu, Madalina, additional, Mõtus, Kerli, additional, Muñoz-Gómez, Violeta, additional, Niculae, Mihaela, additional, Nikitović, Jelena, additional, Ocepek, Matjaž, additional, Tangen-Opsal, Marie, additional, Ózsvári, László, additional, Papadopoulos, Dimitrios, additional, Papadopoulos, Theofilos, additional, Pelkonen, Sinikka, additional, Polak, Miroslaw Pawel, additional, Pozzato, Nicola, additional, Rapaliuté, Eglé, additional, Ribbens, Stefaan, additional, Niza-Ribeiro, João, additional, Roch, Franz-Ferdinand, additional, Rosenbaum Nielsen, Liza, additional, Saez, Jose Luis, additional, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, additional, van Schaik, Gerdien, additional, Schwan, Ebba, additional, Sekovska, Blagica, additional, Starič, Jože, additional, Strain, Sam, additional, Šatran, Petr, additional, Šerić-Haračić, Sabina, additional, Tamminen, Lena-Mari, additional, Thulke, Hans-Hermann, additional, Toplak, Ivan, additional, Tuunainen, Erja, additional, Verner, Sharon, additional, Vilček, Štefan, additional, Yildiz, Ramazan, additional, and Santman-Berends, Inge M. G. A., additional
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- 2021
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25. Existence and Quality of Data on Control Programs for EU Non-regulated Cattle Diseases: Consequences for Estimation and Comparison of the Probability of Freedom From Infection
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Rapaliute, Egle, primary, van Roon, Annika, additional, van Schaik, Gerdien, additional, Santman-Berends, Inge, additional, Koleci, Xhelil, additional, Mincu, Madalina, additional, Gethmann, Jörn, additional, Conrady, Beate, additional, Knific, Tanja, additional, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, additional, Berezowski, John, additional, Carmo, Luís Pedro, additional, Madouasse, Aurélien, additional, Tarpai, Attila, additional, Gerilovych, Anton, additional, Malakauskas, Alvydas, additional, Sekovska, Blagica, additional, Fourichon, Christine, additional, Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, additional, Roch, Franz-Ferdinand, additional, Houe, Hans, additional, Dudek, Katarzyna, additional, Mõtus, Kerli, additional, Ózsvári, László, additional, Costa, Lina, additional, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo, Maria, additional, Henry, Madeleine K., additional, Alishani, Mentor, additional, Pozzato, Nicola, additional, Hopp, Petter, additional, Juste, Ramon, additional, Strain, Sam, additional, Mandelik, Rene, additional, Vilček, Štefan, additional, Autio, Tiina, additional, Tamminen, Lena-Mari, additional, and Faverjon, Céline, additional
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- 2021
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26. Existence and quality of data on control programs for EU non- regulated cattle diseases: consequences for estimation and comparison of the probability of disease freedom
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Rapaliutė , Eglė, Van Roon, Annika, van Schaik, Gerdien, Santman-Berends, Inge, Koleci, Xhelil, Mincu, Madalina, Gethmann, Jörn, Conrady, Beate, Knific, Tanja, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Berezowski, John, Carmo, Luis Pedro, Madouasse, Aurélien, Tarpai, Attila, Gerilovych, Anton, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Sekovska, Blagica, Fourichon, Christine, Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Roch, Franz Ferdinand, Houe, Hans, Dudek, Katarzyna, Mõtus, Kerli, Ózsvári, László, Costa, Lina, Gonzalo, Maria Guelbenzu, Alishani, Mentor, Pozzato, Nicola, Hopp, Petter, Juste, Ramon, Strain, Sam, Mandelik, Rene, Vilcek, Stefan, Autio, Tiina, Tamminen, Lena-Mari, and Faverjon, Céline
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Some European countries have successfully implemented country-specific control programs (CPs) for infectious cattle diseases that are not regulated or are regulated only to a limited extent at the European Union (EU) level. Examples of such diseases include bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and Johne's disease (JD). The CPs vary between countries in the design and quality of collected data as well as methods used to detect infection and estimate prevalence or probability of freedom from infection. Differences in disease status between countries and non-standardized approaches to assess freedom from infection pose a risk for countries with CPs for non-regulated diseases as infected animals may influence the progress of the disease control or eradication program. The implementation of output-based standards allows estimation and comparison of the probability of freedom for non-regulated cattle diseases in European countries. The aim of the current study was to assess the existence and quality of data that could be used for estimating freedom from infection in European countries. The online data collection tool was sent to 32 countries participating in the SOUND control COST Action and was completed by 24 countries. Data on cattle demographics and data from CPs of IBR and BVD exist in more than 50% of the response countries. However, data describing risk factors and CP of JD was reported as existing in
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- 2021
27. Kartlegging og overvåking av skrantesjuke (Chronic Wasting Disease - CWD) 2020
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Rolandsen, Christer Moe, Våge, Jørn, Hopp, Petter, Benestad, Sylvie L., Viljugrein, Hildegunn, Solberg, Erling J., Andersen, Roy, Strand, Olav, Vikøren, Turid, Madslien, Knut, Tarpai, Attila, Fremstad, Jørn, Veiberg, Vebjørn, Heim, Morten, Holmstrøm, Frode, and Mysterud, Atle
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CWD ,skrantesjuke ,chronic wasting disease ,red deer ,villrein ,tamrein ,kartlegging ,elg ,moose ,hjortedyr ,surveillance ,reindeer ,roe deer ,atypisk CWD ,klassisk CWD ,hjort ,rådyr - Abstract
Rolandsen, C.M., Våge, J., Hopp, P., Benestad, S.L., Viljugrein, H., Solberg, E.J., Andersen, R., Strand, O., Vikøren, T., Madslien, K., Tarpai, A., Fremstad, J., Veiberg, V., Heim, M., Holmstrøm, F., Mysterud, A. 2021. Kartlegging og overvåking av skrantesjuke (CWD) 2020. NINA Rapport 1983 / Veterinærinstituttet rapport 42, 2021. 38 s. Denne rapporten oppsummerer arbeidet som er gjennomført i 2020 for å kartlegge forekomsten av CWD, etter at sykdommen ble påvist hos villrein og elg i 2016. Den oppsummerer også totalt antall hjortedyr som er testet i perioden 2016-2020. I 2020 ble 22 527 hjortedyr testet for CWD, og myndighetenes mål om testing av 22 000 hjortedyr ble dermed nådd. I løpet av året ble det påvist ett tilfelle av klassisk CWD hos en 8 år gammel villreinbukk på Hardangervidda og ett nytt tilfelle av atypisk CWD hos en 17 år gammel elgku i Steinkjer kommune. Totalt er det i perioden 2016-2020 påvist klassisk CWD hos 20 villrein, og atypisk CWD hos sju elgkyr og ei hjortekolle. Prøvetakingen i 2020 omfattet som tidligere både hjerneprøve og lymfeknuter (primært svelglymfeknuter). Av de innsamlede prøvene inneholdt 72 % begge vevstypene. Dette er noe lavere enn i 2019 og 2018 med henholdsvis 78 % og 80 %. Selv om det har vært god oppslutning om prøveinnsamlingen og det er et høyt antall testede dyr, er det utfordringer med dårlig kvalitet på en god del prøver og det er problemer med mangelfull registrering. For eksempel var 3 % av prøvene ikke merket med kommune eller område, 2 % manglet informasjon om art, og for 9 % av ville hjortedyr manglet informasjon om prøven kom fra jakt eller fallvilt. I 2020 ble det testet i overkant av 20 % av registrerte fallvilt av viltlevende hjortedyr, noe som er en lavere andel enn ønsket. I gjennomsnitt ble over 80 % av felte villrein i de ulike villreinområdene testet, men bare for 67 % av disse ble det sendt inn både hjerne og lymfeknute. Med prøver fra både lymfeknute og hjerne vil det ta kortere tid å få kunnskap om forekomst og prevalens i områder med smitte og vi kan raskere sannsynliggjøre fravær av CWD i områder uten smitte. Fremover er det viktig å avklare om klassisk CWD forekommer i andre områder, og særlig i områder nær Nordfjella og Hardangervidda. Et stort antall prøver er dessuten viktig for å øke kunnskapen om forekomsten av atypisk CWD hos hjortedyr. Kunnskapen som er ervervet så langt viser at det er viktig å kjenne alder på dyrene. Dette gjelder både for klassisk og atypisk CWD. Hjorter og elger fra Fennoskandia med påvist atypisk CWD har vært gamle dyr. Det er derfor fortsatt ønskelig å aldersbestemme hjortevilt i utvalgte områder de neste årene, både fallvilt og dyr som felles under jakta. Med bedre kunnskap om aldersfordelingen kan vi med større sikkerhet beregne forekomst av atypisk CWD, og eventuelt også klassisk CWD, i ulike bestander. Rolandsen, C.M., Våge, J., Hopp, P., Benestad, S.L., Viljugrein, H., Solberg, E.J., Andersen, R., Strand, O., Vikøren, T., Madslien, K., Tarpai, A., Fremstad, J., Veiberg, V., Heim, M., Holmstrøm, F., Mysterud, A. 2021. Surveillance of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in Norway 2020. NINA Report 1983 / Norwegian Veterinary Institute Report 42, 2021. 38 pp. This report summarizes the efforts related to Norwegian surveillance of Chronic wasting disease (CWD) in 2020 and the total number of deer tested in the period 2016-2020. In 2020, 22,527 cervids were tested for CWD, and the authorities' goal of testing 22,000 was thus reached. During the year, one case of classic CWD was detected in an 8-year-old wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) male at Hardangervidda in Vinje municipality, and a new case of atypical CWD in a 17-year-old female moose (Alces alces) in Steinkjer municipality. In total, the period 2016-2020 has revealed classic CWD in 20 wild reindeer, and atypical CWD in seven moose and one red deer (Cervus elaphus). The sampling was intended to include both brain and lymph nodes and 72 % of the collected samples contained both types of tissue. This is somewhat lower than in 2019 (78 %) and 2018 (80 %). Although it is satisfactory that a high number of animals was tested, there are challenges with poor tissue quality and with data registered for some samples. Thus, 3% of the samples were not labeled with municipality or area, 2% lacked information about species, and for 9% of samples from free-ranging deer, information was lacking whether it was from an individual shot during hunting or from animals that died from other causes. An important goal for further surveillance is to collect data that can help clarify whether classical CWD is present in other areas, and especially in the areas near Hardangervidda and Nordfjella where classical CWD was found in wild reindeer. For Hardangervidda, it is also important to gain more knowledge about prevalence, as only one wild reindeer with CWD has been diagnosed so far. Moreover, a large number of samples is important to clarify the prevailing assumption that atypical CWD in moose and red deer is less contagious, if contagious at all, compared to classical CWD. The knowledge gained over the past four years shows the importance of knowing the age of the animals, both for classic and atypical CWD. Moose and red deer with atypical CWD have all been 12-20 years old, while wild reindeer with classical CWD has been 1-8 years old. In 2020 systematic age determination of reindeer, moose and red deer has been done in some areas, both from animals shot during hunting, from those found dead for other reasons or culled. In the coming years, it is desirable to continue this data collection in selected areas. Information about the age distribution of both hunted deer and deer found dead from other causes would contribute to better knowledge regarding the prevalence of both atypical and classical CWD.
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28. Existence and Quality of Data on Control Programs for EU Non-regulated Cattle Diseases: Consequences for Estimation and Comparison of the Probability of Freedom From Infection
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Rapaliute, Egle, van Roon, Annika, van Schaik, Gerdien, Santman-Berends, Inge, Koleci, Xhelil, Mincu, Madalina, Gethmann, Jörn, Conrady, Beate, Knific, Tanja, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Berezowski, John, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Madouasse, Aurélien, Tarpai, Attila, Gerilovych, Anton, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Sekovska, Blagica, Fourichon, Christine, Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Roch, Franz Ferdinand, Houe, Hans, Dudek, Katarzyna, Mõtus, Kerli, Ózsvári, László, Costa, Lina, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo, Maria, Henry, Madeleine K., Alishani, Mentor, Pozzato, Nicola, Hopp, Petter, Juste, Ramon, Strain, Sam, Mandelik, Rene, Vilček, Štefan, Autio, Tiina, Tamminen, Lena Mari, Faverjon, Céline, Rapaliute, Egle, van Roon, Annika, van Schaik, Gerdien, Santman-Berends, Inge, Koleci, Xhelil, Mincu, Madalina, Gethmann, Jörn, Conrady, Beate, Knific, Tanja, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Berezowski, John, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Madouasse, Aurélien, Tarpai, Attila, Gerilovych, Anton, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Sekovska, Blagica, Fourichon, Christine, Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Roch, Franz Ferdinand, Houe, Hans, Dudek, Katarzyna, Mõtus, Kerli, Ózsvári, László, Costa, Lina, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo, Maria, Henry, Madeleine K., Alishani, Mentor, Pozzato, Nicola, Hopp, Petter, Juste, Ramon, Strain, Sam, Mandelik, Rene, Vilček, Štefan, Autio, Tiina, Tamminen, Lena Mari, and Faverjon, Céline
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Some European countries have successfully implemented country-specific control programs (CPs) for infectious cattle diseases that are not regulated or are regulated only to a limited extent at the European Union (EU) level. Examples of such diseases include bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and Johne's disease (JD). The CPs vary between countries in the design and quality of collected data as well as methods used to detect infection and estimate prevalence or probability of freedom from infection. Differences in disease status between countries and non-standardized approaches to assess freedom from infection pose a risk for countries with CPs for non-regulated diseases as infected animals may influence the progress of the disease control or eradication program. The implementation of output-based standards allows estimation and comparison of the probability of freedom for non-regulated cattle diseases in European countries. The aim of the current study was to assess the existence and quality of data that could be used for estimating freedom from infection in European countries. The online data collection tool was sent to 32 countries participating in the SOUND control COST Action and was completed by 24 countries. Data on cattle demographics and data from CPs of IBR and BVD exist in more than 50% of the response countries. However, data describing risk factors and CP of JD was reported as existing in <25% of the countries. The overall quality of data in the sections on demographics and CPs of IBR and BVD were evaluated as “good”, but risk factors and JD data were mostly evaluated as “fair.” Data quality was considered less good mainly due to two quality criteria: accessibility and accuracy. The results of this study show that the quantity and quality of data about cattle populations and CPs are relatively similar in many surveyed countries. The outcome of this work provides an overview of the current situation in the European
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- 2021
29. Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe
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FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, FAH veterinaire epidemiologie, dFAH AVR, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Acinger-Rogić, Žaklin, Alishani, Mentor, Autio, Tiina, Balseiro, Ana, Berezowski, John, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Chaligiannis, Ilias, Conrady, Beate, Costa, Lina, Cvetkovikj, Iskra, Davidov, Ivana, Dispas, Marc, Djadjovski, Igor, Duarte, Elsa Leclerc, Faverjon, Céline, Fourichon, Christine, Frössling, Jenny, Gerilovych, Anton, Gethmann, Jörn, Gomes, Jacinto, Graham, David, Guelbenzu, Maria, Gunn, George J., Henry, Madeleine K., Hopp, Petter, Houe, Hans, Irimia, Elena, Ježek, Jožica, Juste, Ramon A., Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Kaler, Jasmeet, Kaplan, Selcuk, Kostoulas, Polychronis, Kovalenko, Kaspars, Kneževič, Nada, Knific, Tanja, Koleci, Xhelil, Madouasse, Aurélien, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Mandelik, Rene, Meletis, Eleftherios, Mincu, Madalina, Mõtus, Kerli, Muñoz-Gómez, Violeta, Niculae, Mihaela, Nikitović, Jelena, Ocepek, Matjaž, Tangen-Opsal, Marie, Ózsvári, László, Papadopoulos, Dimitrios, Papadopoulos, Theofilos, Pelkonen, Sinikka, Polak, Miroslaw Pawel, Pozzato, Nicola, Rapaliuté, Eglé, Ribbens, Stefaan, Niza-Ribeiro, João, Roch, Franz Ferdinand, Rosenbaum Nielsen, Liza, Saez, Jose Luis, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, van Schaik, Gerdien, Schwan, Ebba, Sekovska, Blagica, Starič, Jože, Strain, Sam, Šatran, Petr, Šerić-Haračić, Sabina, Tamminen, Lena Mari, Thulke, Hans Hermann, Toplak, Ivan, Tuunainen, Erja, Verner, Sharon, Vilček, Štefan, Yildiz, Ramazan, Santman-Berends, Inge M.G.A., FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, FAH veterinaire epidemiologie, dFAH AVR, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Acinger-Rogić, Žaklin, Alishani, Mentor, Autio, Tiina, Balseiro, Ana, Berezowski, John, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Chaligiannis, Ilias, Conrady, Beate, Costa, Lina, Cvetkovikj, Iskra, Davidov, Ivana, Dispas, Marc, Djadjovski, Igor, Duarte, Elsa Leclerc, Faverjon, Céline, Fourichon, Christine, Frössling, Jenny, Gerilovych, Anton, Gethmann, Jörn, Gomes, Jacinto, Graham, David, Guelbenzu, Maria, Gunn, George J., Henry, Madeleine K., Hopp, Petter, Houe, Hans, Irimia, Elena, Ježek, Jožica, Juste, Ramon A., Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Kaler, Jasmeet, Kaplan, Selcuk, Kostoulas, Polychronis, Kovalenko, Kaspars, Kneževič, Nada, Knific, Tanja, Koleci, Xhelil, Madouasse, Aurélien, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Mandelik, Rene, Meletis, Eleftherios, Mincu, Madalina, Mõtus, Kerli, Muñoz-Gómez, Violeta, Niculae, Mihaela, Nikitović, Jelena, Ocepek, Matjaž, Tangen-Opsal, Marie, Ózsvári, László, Papadopoulos, Dimitrios, Papadopoulos, Theofilos, Pelkonen, Sinikka, Polak, Miroslaw Pawel, Pozzato, Nicola, Rapaliuté, Eglé, Ribbens, Stefaan, Niza-Ribeiro, João, Roch, Franz Ferdinand, Rosenbaum Nielsen, Liza, Saez, Jose Luis, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, van Schaik, Gerdien, Schwan, Ebba, Sekovska, Blagica, Starič, Jože, Strain, Sam, Šatran, Petr, Šerić-Haračić, Sabina, Tamminen, Lena Mari, Thulke, Hans Hermann, Toplak, Ivan, Tuunainen, Erja, Verner, Sharon, Vilček, Štefan, Yildiz, Ramazan, and Santman-Berends, Inge M.G.A.
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- 2021
30. Existence and Quality of Data on Control Programs for EU Non-regulated Cattle Diseases: Consequences for Estimation and Comparison of the Probability of Freedom From Infection
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FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, dFAH AVR, FAH veterinaire epidemiologie, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Rapaliute, Egle, van Roon, Annika, van Schaik, Gerdien, Santman-Berends, Inge, Koleci, Xhelil, Mincu, Madalina, Gethmann, Jörn, Conrady, Beate, Knific, Tanja, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Berezowski, John, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Madouasse, Aurélien, Tarpai, Attila, Gerilovych, Anton, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Sekovska, Blagica, Fourichon, Christine, Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Roch, Franz Ferdinand, Houe, Hans, Dudek, Katarzyna, Mõtus, Kerli, Ózsvári, László, Costa, Lina, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo, Maria, Henry, Madeleine K., Alishani, Mentor, Pozzato, Nicola, Hopp, Petter, Juste, Ramon, Strain, Sam, Mandelik, Rene, Vilček, Štefan, Autio, Tiina, Tamminen, Lena Mari, Faverjon, Céline, FAH Evidence based Veterinary Medicine, dFAH AVR, FAH veterinaire epidemiologie, Dep Gezondheidszorg Landbouwhuisdieren, Rapaliute, Egle, van Roon, Annika, van Schaik, Gerdien, Santman-Berends, Inge, Koleci, Xhelil, Mincu, Madalina, Gethmann, Jörn, Conrady, Beate, Knific, Tanja, Hodnik, Jaka Jakob, Berezowski, John, Carmo, Luís Pedro, Madouasse, Aurélien, Tarpai, Attila, Gerilovych, Anton, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Sekovska, Blagica, Fourichon, Christine, Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Roch, Franz Ferdinand, Houe, Hans, Dudek, Katarzyna, Mõtus, Kerli, Ózsvári, László, Costa, Lina, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo, Maria, Henry, Madeleine K., Alishani, Mentor, Pozzato, Nicola, Hopp, Petter, Juste, Ramon, Strain, Sam, Mandelik, Rene, Vilček, Štefan, Autio, Tiina, Tamminen, Lena Mari, and Faverjon, Céline
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- 2021
31. Overview of Cattle Diseases Listed Under Category C, D or E in the Animal Health Law for Which Control Programmes Are in Place Within Europe
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Jakob Hodnik, Jaka, Acinger Rogić, Žaklin, Alishani, Mentor, Autio, Tiina, Balseiro, Ana, Berezowski, John, Pedro Carmo, Luís, Chaligiannis, Ilias, Conrady, Beate, Costa, Lina, Cvetkovikj, Iskra, Davidov, Ivana, Dispas, Marc, Djadjovski, Igor, Duarte, Elsa Leclerc, Faverjon, Céline, Fourichon, Christine, Frössling, Jenny, Gerilovych, Anton, Gethmann, Jörn, Gomes, Jacinto, Graham, David, Gonzalo, Maria Guelbenzu, Gunn, George, Henry, Madeleine, Hopp, Petter, Houe, Hans, Irimia, Elena, Ježek, Jožica, Juste, Ramon, Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Kaler, Jasmeet, Kaplan, Selcuk, Kostoulas, Polychronis, Kovalenko, Kaspars, Kneževič, Nada, Knific, Tanja, Koleci, Xhelil, Madouasse, Aurélien, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Mandelik, Rene, Meletis, Eleftherios, Mincu, Madalina, Mõtus, Kerli, Munoz-Gómez, Violeta, Niculae, Mihaela, Ocepek, Matjaž, Opsal Tangen, Marie, Ózsvári, László, Papadopoulos, Dimitrios, Papadopoulos, Theofilos, Pelkonen, Sinikka, Pawel Polak, Mirosław, Pozzato, Nicola, Rapaliutė, Eglė, Ribbens, Stefaan, Niza-Ribeiro, João, Nielsen, Liza Rosenbaum, Saez, Jose Luis, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schaik, Gerdien van, Schwan, Ebba, Sekovska, Blagica, Starič, Jože, Strain, Sam, Šatran, Petr, Šerić-Haračić, Sabina, Tamminen, Lena-Mari, Thulke, Hans-Hermann, Toplak, Ivan, Tuunainen, Erja, Verner, Sharon, Vilček, Štefan, Yildiz, Ramazan, Santman-Berends, Inge, Jakob Hodnik, Jaka, Acinger Rogić, Žaklin, Alishani, Mentor, Autio, Tiina, Balseiro, Ana, Berezowski, John, Pedro Carmo, Luís, Chaligiannis, Ilias, Conrady, Beate, Costa, Lina, Cvetkovikj, Iskra, Davidov, Ivana, Dispas, Marc, Djadjovski, Igor, Duarte, Elsa Leclerc, Faverjon, Céline, Fourichon, Christine, Frössling, Jenny, Gerilovych, Anton, Gethmann, Jörn, Gomes, Jacinto, Graham, David, Gonzalo, Maria Guelbenzu, Gunn, George, Henry, Madeleine, Hopp, Petter, Houe, Hans, Irimia, Elena, Ježek, Jožica, Juste, Ramon, Kalaitzakis, Emmanouil, Kaler, Jasmeet, Kaplan, Selcuk, Kostoulas, Polychronis, Kovalenko, Kaspars, Kneževič, Nada, Knific, Tanja, Koleci, Xhelil, Madouasse, Aurélien, Malakauskas, Alvydas, Mandelik, Rene, Meletis, Eleftherios, Mincu, Madalina, Mõtus, Kerli, Munoz-Gómez, Violeta, Niculae, Mihaela, Ocepek, Matjaž, Opsal Tangen, Marie, Ózsvári, László, Papadopoulos, Dimitrios, Papadopoulos, Theofilos, Pelkonen, Sinikka, Pawel Polak, Mirosław, Pozzato, Nicola, Rapaliutė, Eglė, Ribbens, Stefaan, Niza-Ribeiro, João, Nielsen, Liza Rosenbaum, Saez, Jose Luis, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Schaik, Gerdien van, Schwan, Ebba, Sekovska, Blagica, Starič, Jože, Strain, Sam, Šatran, Petr, Šerić-Haračić, Sabina, Tamminen, Lena-Mari, Thulke, Hans-Hermann, Toplak, Ivan, Tuunainen, Erja, Verner, Sharon, Vilček, Štefan, Yildiz, Ramazan, and Santman-Berends, Inge
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- 2021
32. Sykdomspulsen One Health - A real time surveillance system in an infrastructure coping with half a million analysis a day
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Koren, Clemence, primary, Swanson, David, additional, Grøneng, Gry, additional, Rø, Gunnar, additional, Hopp, Petter, additional, Jonsson, Malin, additional, and White, Richard, additional
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- 2021
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33. Additional file 1 of Modelling the monthly abundance of Culicoides biting midges in nine European countries using Random Forests machine learning
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Cuéllar, Ana Carolina, Kjær, Lene Jung, Baum, Andreas, Stockmarr, Anders, Skovgard, Henrik, Nielsen, Søren Achim, Andersson, Mats Gunnar, Lindström, Anders, Chirico, Jan, Lühken, Renke, Steinke, Sonja, Kiel, Ellen, Gethmann, Jörn, Conraths, Franz J., Larska, Magdalena, Smreczak, Marcin, Orłowska, Anna, Hamnes, Inger, Sviland, Ståle, Hopp, Petter, Brugger, Katharina, Rubel, Franz, Balenghien, Thomas, Garros, Claire, Rakotoarivony, Ignace, Allène, Xavier, Lhoir, Jonathan, Chavernac, David, Delécolle, Jean-Claude, Mathieu, Bruno, Delécolle, Delphine, Marie-Laure Setier-Rio, Bethsabée Scheid, Chueca, Miguel Ángel Miranda, Barceló, Carlos, Lucientes, Javier, Estrada, Rosa, Mathis, Alexander, Venail, Roger, Tack, Wesley, and Bødker, Rene
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Additional file 1: Figure S1. Yearly variation of the mean abundance for each country. The abundance (y axis) was calculated as the mean all the observations (log transformed) from each country. Figure S2. QQ-plots of the residuals per month for the Obsoletus ensemble. Figure S3. QQ-plots of the residuals per month for the Pulicaris ensemble. Figure S4. Comparison of the abundance maps for each month using Random Forest (RF) and Interpolations for the Obsoletus ensemble. a Maps from January to June. b maps from July to December. Figure S5. Comparison of the abundance maps for each month using Random Forest (RF) and Interpolations for the Pulicaris ensemble. a Maps from January to June. b Maps from July to December. Figure S6. Comparison of the abundance maps for each month using Random Forest (RF) and Interpolations for Culicoides imicola. a Maps from January to June. b Maps from July to December. Figure S7. At a local scale, interpolation maps produce a smother surface between the farms compared to environmental driven RF, for which the predictions differ between adjacent pixels. The example shown in the figure corresponds to the August maps for the Obsoletus ensemble. Green dots: farms used for training, purple dots: farms within the test set.
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- 2020
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34. Report on the Norwegian-Mongolian mission NOR-MON-HEALTH
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Jørgensen, Hannah Joan, Hopp, Petter, Moldal, Torfinn, and Neves, Carlos G Das
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- 2020
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35. Kartlegging og overvåking av skrantesjuke (Chronic Wasting Disease - CWD) 2016-2019
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Rolandsen, Christer M., Våge, Jørn, Hopp, Petter, Benestad, Sylvie L., Viljugrein, Hildegunn, Solberg, Erling J., Ytrehus, Bjørnar, Andersen, Roy, Strand, Olav, Vikøren, Turid, Madslien, Knut, Tarpai, Attila, Fremstad, Jørn, Veiberg, Vebjørn, Heim, Morten, Holmstrøm, Frode, and Mysterud, Atle
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CWD ,skrantesjuke ,chronic wasting disease ,red deer ,villrein ,tamrein ,kartlegging ,elg ,moose ,hjortedyr ,surveillance ,reindeer ,roe deer ,atypisk CWD ,klassisk CWD ,hjort ,rådyr - Abstract
Rolandsen, C.M., Våge, J., Hopp, P., Benestad, S.L., Viljugrein, H., Solberg, E.J., Ytrehus, B., Andersen, R., Strand, O., Vikøren, T., Madslien, K., Tarpai, A., Fremstad, J., Veiberg, V., Heim, M., Holmstrøm, F., Mysterud, A.. 2020. Kartlegging og overvåking av skrantesjuke (CWD) 2016- 2019. NINA Rapport 1818 / Veterinærinstituttet rapport 8, 2020. 44 s. Denne rapporten oppsummerer arbeidet som er gjennomført i 2019 for å kartlegge forekomsten av CWD, etter at sykdommen ble påvist hos villrein og elg i henholdsvis mars og mai 2016. Den oppsummerer også totalt antall hjortedyr som er testet i perioden 2016-2019. I 2019 ble 30 147 hjortedyr testet for CWD, og dermed ble myndighetenes mål om testing av 30 000 hjortedyr nådd. I 2019 ble det påvist to nye tilfeller av atypisk CWD, først hos en 20 år gammel elgku i Selbu kommune og senere hos en 12 år gammel elgku i Sigdal kommune. Totalt er det nå påvist atypisk CWD hos seks elgkyr og ei hjortekolle. Klassisk CWD er fortsatt kun funnet hos villrein fra sone 1 i Nordfjella villreinområde 2016-2018. Prøvetakingen i 2019 omfattet som i 2018 og tidligere, både hjerneprøve og lymfeknuter (primært svelglymfeknuter). Begge vevstypene var inkludert i 78 % av de innsamlede prøvene. Dette er omtrent på samme nivå som i 2018 (80 %). I det store og hele har innsamlingen vært preget av god oppslutning. Selv om det er tilfredshet med det høye antall testede dyr, er det utfordringer med innsendt vev av mangelfull kvalitet og med mangelfull registrering. For eksempel var 1,9 % av prøvene ikke merket med kommune eller område, 1,5 % manglet informasjon om art, og for 10,9 % av ville hjortedyr manglet informasjon om prøven kom fra jakt eller fallvilt. Andel fallvilt som er prøvetatt er lavere enn ønsket. Fremover er det spesielt viktig å avklare om klassisk CWD er tilstede i andre områder, og særlig i områdene nær Nordfjella. Et stort antall prøver er dessuten viktig for å utrede graden av smittsomhet for de tilfellene med CWD hos elg og hjort med atypiske karakteristika. Hos disse kan ikke smittestoff påvises i lymfeknutene. Dette til sammenlikning med CWD hos villrein, der man finner prioner også i lymfatisk vev. Kunnskapen vi har ervervet de tre siste årene viser hvor viktig det er å kjenne til alderen på dyrene som testes for CWD. Dette gjelder både for klassisk og atypisk CWD. Hjorten og elgene fra Fennoskandia med påvist atypisk CWD har vært gamle hunndyr. Som følge av denne kunnskapen, er det de neste årene ønskelig å aldersbestemme et større antall av hjorteviltet som testes for CWD, enn hva som er gjort tidligere. For fallvilt av elg, hjort, rådyr og rein er det aldri gjennomført systematiske aldersbestemmelser basert på tannsnitt. Fallvilt representerer en viktig risikogruppe for å avdekke sykdom i viltbestander. Med bedre kunnskap om aldersfordelingen hos fallvilt og felte dyr, vil det med større sikkerhet kunne beregnes forekomst av atypisk CWD, og eventuelt også klassisk CWD, dersom denne skulle dukke opp i nye bestander. I de neste 2-3 årene av kartleggingsprogrammet har NINA og Veterinærinstituttet derfor foreslått økt omfang på aldersanalyser av dyr som testes for CWD, både av fallvilt og dyr felt under jakt. Dette vil kunne gi et bedre kunnskapsgrunnlag for fremtidig kartlegging av CWD. I 2020 har myndighetene redusert målet om antall prøver fra 30 000 til 22 000. Dette skyldes i hovedsak at Mattilsynet i flere områder vil redusere testingen av tamrein fordi det her allerede har blitt testet et så høyt antall dyr tidligere år. Antall prøver av viltlevende elg og hjort som felles under jakt samt testing av slakt av oppdrettshjort, skal opprettholdes på omtrent samme nivå som i 2019. For fallvilt av både ville og tamme hjortedyr, er målet å få inn prøver fra så mange som mulig, kun med unntak av de som blir funnet så lenge etter dødstidspunktet at prøven ikke er egnet til undersøkelser.
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- 2020
36. Evaluation of three serological tests for diagnosis of Maedi-Visna virus infection using latent class analysis
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Toft, Nils, Åkerstedt, Johan, Tharaldsen, Jorun, and Hopp, Petter
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- 2007
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37. Chronic wasting disease associated with prion protein gene (PRNP) variation in Norwegian wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
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Güere, Mariella E., primary, Våge, Jørn, additional, Tharaldsen, Helene, additional, Benestad, Sylvie L., additional, Vikøren, Turid, additional, Madslien, Knut, additional, Hopp, Petter, additional, Rolandsen, Christer M., additional, Røed, Knut H., additional, and Tranulis, Michael A., additional
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- 2019
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38. Kartlegging og overvåking av skrantesjuke (Chronic Wasting Disease - CWD) 2016-2018
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Rolandsen, Christer M., Våge, Jørn, Hopp, Petter, Benestad, Sylvie L., Viljgrein, Hildegunn, Solberg, Erling J., Ytrehus, Bjørnar, Andersen, Roy, Strand, Olav, Vikøren, Turid, Madslien, Knut, Tarpai, Attila, Fremstad, Jørn, Veiberg, Vebjørn, Heim, Morten, and Mysterud, Atle
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CWD ,Norway ,skrantesjuke ,chronic wasting disease ,red deer ,villrein ,red deer roe deer surveillance ,Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP] ,Norge ,NINA Rapport ,tamrein ,kartlegging ,elg ,Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Klinisk veterinærmedisinske fag: 950 [VDP] ,moose ,hjortedyr ,Veterinærinstituttets rapportserie ,reindeer ,roe deer ,atypisk CWD ,klassisk CWD ,hjort ,rådyr - Published
- 2019
39. Monte Carlo simulation of surveillance strategies for scrapie in Norwegian sheep
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Hopp, Petter, Webb, Cerian R, and Jarp, Jorun
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- 2003
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40. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Norwegian dairy goats
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Stormoen Marit, Tharaldsen Jorun, and Hopp Petter
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Toxoplasma gondii ,Goats ,Norway ,Prevalence ,Serology ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Toxoplasma gondii is a major problem for the sheep industry as it may cause reproduction problems. The importance of T. gondii in Norwegian goat herds is uncertain, but outbreaks of toxoplasmosis in dairy goat farms have been recorded. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of T. gondii infection in Norwegian dairy goats by using serology. Findings Goat serum originally collected as part of two nationwide surveillance and control programmes between 2002 and 2008 were examined for T. gondii antibodies by using direct agglutination test. In total, 55 of 73 herds (75%) had one or more serologically positive animals, while 377 of 2188 (17%) of the individual samples tested positive for T. gondii antibodies. Conclusions This is the first prevalence study of T. gondii infection in Norwegian goats. The results show that Norwegian goat herds are commonly exposed to T. gondii. Nevertheless, the majority of goat herds have a low prevalence of antibody positive animals, which make them vulnerable to infections with T. gondii during the gestation period.
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- 2012
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41. No indication of Coxiella burnetii infection in Norwegian farmed ruminants
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Kampen Annette H, Hopp Petter, Grøneng Gry M, Melkild Ingrid, Urdahl Anne, Karlsson Ann-Charlotte, and Tharaldsen Jorun
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Coxiella burnetii ,ELISA ,Freedom from disease ,Q-fever ,Serology ,Ruminants ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Infection with Coxiella burnetii, the cause of Q-fever, has never been detected in Norwegian animals. Recognising the increasing prevalence of the infection in neighbouring countries, the aim of the study was to perform a survey of Norwegian farmed ruminants for the prevalence of C. burnetii infection. Results Milk and blood samples from more than 3450 Norwegian dairy cattle herds, 55 beef cattle herds, 348 dairy goat herds and 118 sheep flocks were serologically examined for antibodies against C. burnetii. All samples were negative for antibodies against C. burnetii. The estimated prevalences of infected herds were 0 (95% confidence interval: 0% - 0.12%), 0 (0% - 12%), 0 (0% - 1.2%) and 0 (0% - 10%) for dairy cattle herds, beef cattle herds, goat herds and sheep flocks, respectively. Conclusions The study indicates that the prevalence of C. burnetii infection in farmed Norwegian ruminants is low, and it cannot be excluded that Norway is free of the infection. It would be beneficial if Norway was able to maintain the current situation. Therefore, preventive measures should be continued.
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- 2012
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42. Kartlegging av skrantesjuke (Chronic Wasting Disease - CWD) i 2016 og 2017
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Rolandsen, Christer M., Våge, Jørn, Hopp, Petter, Benestad, Sylvie L., Mysterud, Atle, Viljugrein, Hildegunn, Solberg, Erling J., Strand, Olav, Ytrehus, Bjørnar, Vikøren, Turid, Madslien, Knut, Tarpai, Attila, Næss, Camilla, Haavardstun, Tom, Veiberg, Vebjørn, Heim, Morten, and Rudningen, Kåre
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CWD ,skrantesjuke ,Norway ,chronic wasting disease ,red deer ,overvåking ,villrein ,Norge ,tamrein ,kartlegging ,hjortevilt ,elg ,moose ,hjortedyr ,surveillance ,reindeer ,roe deer ,hjort ,rådyr - Abstract
Rolandsen, C.M., Våge, J., Hopp, P., Benestad, S.L., Mysterud, A., Viljugrein, H., Solberg, E.J., Ytrehus, B., Strand, O., Vikøren, T., Madslien, K., Tarpai, A., Næss, C., Haavardstun, T., Veiberg, V., Heim, M., Rudningen, K. 2018. Kartlegging av skrantesjuke (CWD) i 2016 og 2017. NINA Rapport 1522 / Veterinærinstituttet Rapport 13, 2018. 70 s. Skrantesjuke (Chronic Wasting Disease - CWD) ble oppdaget hos villrein (Rangifer tarandus) og elg (Alces alces) våren 2016, og hos hjort (Cervus elaphus) i 2017. Dette var første gang sykdommen ble påvist i Norge og Europa. Skrantesjuke forårsakes av opphopning av feilfoldede prionproteiner (prioner) som skader hjernen og nervesystemet. Sykdommen er alltid dødelig. Denne rapporten oppsummerer arbeidet som er gjort i 2016 og 2017 for å kartlegge og overvåke forekomsten av skrantesjuke. Målet har vært å bidra med nødvendig kunnskap om utbredelsen av sykdommen, som myndighetene kan benytte til å best mulig forvalte sykdommen og våre hjorteviltbestander i denne nye situasjonen. Veterinærinstituttet og Norsk institutt for naturforsk-ning (NINA) har samarbeidet om å utføre det praktiske arbeidet med kartleggingen og overvåkingen på oppdrag fra Mattilsynet og Miljødirektoratet. På lokalt og regionalt nivå har det i tillegg vært gjennomført en stor innsats fra jegere, kommunal viltforvaltning, villreinnemdene, villreinutvalgene, Statens naturoppsyn (SNO), lokalt og regionalt Mattilsyn, lokale fjellstyrer, og lokalt personell innleid av NINA i forbindelse med prøvetakingen i enkelte områder. I 2016 og 2017 har det vært prøveinnsamling fra villrein, elg, hjort, rådyr (Capreolus capreolus), tamrein og dåhjort (Dama dama). Prøver har vært tatt over hele landet fra jaktede dyr, fallvilt og fra viltbehandlingsanlegg, slakteri, hjorteoppdrett og dyreparker. Prøvetakingen har vært mest omfattende for prøver fra hjortevilt felt under jakt i de nasjonale kartleggingsområdene, og fra tamreinslakt. Totalt er det undersøkt 35 811 hjortevilt for skrantesjuke i 2016 og 2017 (10 152 i 2016 og 25 659 i 2017). Ville hjortedyr utgjorde 62,8 % av de undersøkte dyrene, mens tamrein utgjorde 35,4 %. De resterende var dyr i hjorteoppdrett, dyrehager o.l. Karakteristika ved funnene på villrein, elg og hjort gjør det sannsynlig at det finnes minst to typer skrantesjuke i Norge. Klassisk skrantesjuke er kun funnet hos 19 villrein (pr. 29. juni 2018) i Nordfjella sone 1. Med de vanlige diagnostikkmetodene har det ikke vært mulig å skille funn hos norsk villrein, fra det som over tiår har spredd seg i USA og Canada, med svært negative konsekvenser for endel hjortedyrbestander. I rapporten omtales dette som klassisk skrantesjuke. Senere resultater (2018) fra musemodeller (bioassays) viser imidlertid nyanser som skiller våre funn fra de nordamerikanske. Slike nyanser fremkommer også nå i de nordamerikanske funnene, og er forenelig med nyanser i prionsykdommene som opptrer hos våre husdyr og hos mennesker. I tillegg har tre elger og én hjort fått diagnosen skrantesjuke etter at nærmere 10 000 elg (av disse ca. 4300 i Trøndelag) og mer enn 6500 hjort er undersøkt. (pr. 29. mai 2018). Disse tilfellene skiller seg fra det som er funnet hos hjortedyr i USA og hos reinsdyr i Nordfjella, og denne typen omtales som atypisk skrantesjuke. Atypisk skrantesjuke er kun funnet hos elg og hjort som var 13 år eller eldre. Dette til tross for at så gamle elg og hjort utgjør en liten andel av bestandene. Det pågår forskning for å innhente mer kunnskap og karakterisere funnene ved denne typen skrantesjuke. Det er brukt en statistisk modell for å beregne (A) andel individer med smitte i bestanden i Nordfjella sone 1 og (B) sannsynlighet for å ha oppdaget skrantesjuke-smitte i tilgrensende bestander som Nordfjella sone 2 og på Hardangervidda utfra det tilgjengelige prøvematerialet. Modellen utnytter både svelglymfeknute- og hjerneprøver, og beregner hvordan sannsynligheten for å påvise smitte i et individ endres gjennom sykdomsforløpet og i forhold til kvaliteten på innsendte prøver. Modelltallene ansees som foreløpige, siden prosessen med å utvikle og kvalitetssikre modellene pågår. Modellen beregner observert (tilsynelatende) andel smittede med skrantesjuke til 1,2 % blant voksne reinsdyr i Nordfjella sone 1 før jakt 2017, mens den faktiske andelen er beregnet til 1,6 %. I løpet av 2016 og 2017 er det samlet mye erfaring, og det er lagt et godt grunnlag for videre overvåking, kartlegging og kunnskapsoppbygging. I årene som kommer er det viktig at arbeidet fortsetter, slik at det etableres sikrere kunnskap om utbredelsen av skrantesjuke hos hjortedyr i Norge, hvordan sykdommen arter seg under norske forhold, og hva som er forskjellene mellom klassisk og atypisk skrantesjuke. Erfaringene fra analysene av hjerneprøver og svelglymfeknuter fra villrein i Nordfjella har understreket viktigheten av å inkludere lymfeknuter i den videre kartleggingen av klassisk skrantesjuke, og alle jegere og andre prøvetakere bes derfor om å sende inn både hjerneprøver og svelglymfeknuter i 2018. Med utbruddet av skrantesjuke oppsto også et stort informasjonsbehov hos berørte parter og i befolkningen. Veterinærinstituttet og NINA har lagt ned betydelig innsats for å få ut korrekt informasjon. Dette har vært løst ved å gi praktisk informasjon til jegere om prøvetaking og analyse-svar, kunnskap om selve sykdommen og smittespredning og status for kartlegging og håndtering. Viktig faglig støtte har også blitt gitt til sentral forvaltning, som grunnlag for vedtakene som er gjort i saken. I dette arbeidet har det vært stor deltakelse fra instituttene i ulike møter både lokalt og sentralt, så vel som synlighet i media og oppfølging av presse. Norge er første europeiske nasjon der skrantesjuke er påvist, og det foreligger fra tidligere mye kunnskap om prionsykdom hos dyr, særlig fra skrapesjuke hos småfe i Norge. Kunnskapen som nå bygges gjennom forskning og praktisk arbeid i håndtering av CWD, gir verdifull kompetanse til å bidra i europeisk forvaltning av denne svært alvorlige helsetrusselen mot ville og tamme hjortedyr. I tillegg til dyrehelsen, er reindriftsnæring og jakt viktige elementer i norsk kultur, som også trues med introduksjon av CWD i vår fauna. Rolandsen, C.M., Våge, J., Hopp, P., Benestad, S.L., Mysterud, A., Viljugrein, H., Solberg, E.J., Ytrehus, B., Strand, O., Vikøren, T., Madslien, K., Tarpai, A., Næss, C., Haavardstun, T., Veiberg, V., Heim, M., Rudningen, K. 2018. Surveillance of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in Norway 2016 and 2017. NINA Report 1522 / Veterinærinstituttet Report 13, 2018. 70 pp. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) was discovered in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and moose (Alces alces) in spring 2016, and in red deer (Cervus elaphus) in 2017. This was the first time the disease was detected in Norway and Europe. CWD, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), is a neurological and always fatal disease affecting deer species. This report summarizes the Norwegian surveillance of CWD in 2016 and 2017. The work was initiated and financed by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority and the Norwegian Environment agency, and organised by the Norwegian veterinary institute (VI) and the Norwegian institute for nature research (NINA). In addition, the surveillance benefitted greatly from the effort of hunters, local wildlife managers, The Norwegian nature inspectorate (SNO, a part of the Norwegian en-vironment agency), local representatives of the Food Safety Authority, and many others. Samples were collected from moose, red deer, roe deer, reindeer, and fallow deer (Dama dama) in all parts of country, and from hunted animals and fallen stock, as well as animals killed in slaughterhouses, deer farms and zoos. In both 2016 and 2017, the surveillance was more inten-sive in areas close to where CWD was initially found. A total of 35811 animals was tested, 10152 in 2016 and 25659 in 2017. About 63 % of tested animals were wild cervids and 35 % semi-domesticated reindeer. The remaining originated from deer farms, zoos and the like. The findings in 19 wild reindeer (as of June 29th 2018) in the wild reindeer area called Nordfjella zone 1 are consistent with the disease that has spread in the United States and Canada over the last decades, with profound negative effects on deer populations. In addition, three of 10000 moose and one of 6500 red deer have been diagnosed with CWD (as of June 29th 2018). Of the 10000 moose, 4300 were collected in Trøndelag, i.e. in the county where the three moose with CWD were found. Laboratory and epidemiological analysis of the moose and red deer cases indicates that there are at least two types of CWD in Norway, as they seem to differ from the classical CWD found in North-America and the disease in wild reindeer in Nordfjella zone 1. In this report, the moose/red deer are referred to as tentative atypical CWD. Because all CWD-positive moose and red deer were 13 years or older, and the proportion of that old animals in the populations are very low, it is suspected that atypical CWD is mainly present in old animals. Ongoing research will hopefully provide more knowledge about this apparently new type of CWD. Based on the material collected in 2016 and 2017, a model is developed to estimate (1) the proportion of infected individuals in the population of wild reindeer in Nordfjellla zone 1, and (2) the likelihood of detecting CWD in other areas such as the neighbouring wild reindeer popula-tions in Nordfjella zone 2 and Hardangervidda. The model utilizes both lymph node and brain samples, as well as information about disease progression and the quality of the submitted samples. Preliminary results indicate an observed (apparent) prevalence of approximately 1.2 % among adult reindeer in Nordfjella zone 1 before the autumn hunting season in 2017, and a true prevalence of approximately 1.6 %. Much experience has been gained during the last two years of surveillance, generating a good basis for further monitoring of CWD. In the years to come, it is important to continue the monitoring effort and research to acquire more knowledge about CWD in Norway. In particular, it is paramount to understand the differences between strains of CWD found in Norway and their contagious potential. Since CWD was first found in Norway there has been a massive demand for information from local, regional and national management authorities and the public. The Norwegian veterinary institute and NINA have made significant efforts to fill this demand. Participation and lecturing at many local, regional, national and international meetings have been performed. Also writing popular science articles, tending several web sites with information about the disease, and providing practical information to hunters and others about how we work to monitor the disease, and practical instructions about how samples shall be collected.
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- 2018
43. The demographic pattern of infection with chronic wasting disease in reindeer at an early epidemic stage
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Mysterud, Atle, primary, Madslien, Knut, additional, Viljugrein, Hildegunn, additional, Vikøren, Turid, additional, Andersen, Roy, additional, Güere, Mariella Evelyn, additional, Benestad, Sylvie L., additional, Hopp, Petter, additional, Strand, Olav, additional, Ytrehus, Bjørnar, additional, Røed, Knut H., additional, Rolandsen, Christer M., additional, and Våge, Jørn, additional
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- 2019
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44. First Detection of Chronic Wasting Disease in a Wild Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Europe
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Vikøren, Turid, primary, Våge, Jørn, additional, Madslien, Knut I., additional, Røed, Knut H., additional, Rolandsen, Christer M., additional, Tran, Linh, additional, Hopp, Petter, additional, Veiberg, Vebjørn, additional, Heum, Marianne, additional, Moldal, Torfinn, additional, das Neves, Carlos G., additional, Handeland, Kjell, additional, Ytrehus, Bjørnar, additional, Kolbjørnsen, Øyvor, additional, Wisløff, Helene, additional, Terland, Randi, additional, Saure, Britt, additional, Dessen, Kine M., additional, Svendsen, Solveig Gjerden, additional, Nordvik, Brit S., additional, and Benestad, Sylvie L., additional
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- 2019
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45. Combining information from surveys of several species to estimate the probability of freedom from Echinococcus multilocularis in Sweden, Finland and mainland Norway
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Hjertqvist Marika, Wallensten Anders, Cedersmyg Maria, Christensson Dan, Hallgren Gunilla, Isomursu Marja, Wahlström Helene, Davidson Rebecca K, Uhlhorn Henrik, and Hopp Petter
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Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background The fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis has foxes and other canids as definitive host and rodents as intermediate hosts. However, most mammals can be accidental intermediate hosts and the larval stage may cause serious disease in humans. The parasite has never been detected in Sweden, Finland and mainland Norway. All three countries require currently an anthelminthic treatment for dogs and cats prior to entry in order to prevent introduction of the parasite. Documentation of freedom from E. multilocularis is necessary for justification of the present import requirements. Methods The probability that Sweden, Finland and mainland Norway were free from E. multilocularis and the sensitivity of the surveillance systems were estimated using scenario trees. Surveillance data from five animal species were included in the study: red fox (Vulpes vulpes), raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), domestic pig, wild boar (Sus scrofa) and voles and lemmings (Arvicolinae). Results The cumulative probability of freedom from EM in December 2009 was high in all three countries, 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-0.99) in Finland and 0.99 (0.97-0.995) in Sweden and 0.98 (0.95-0.99) in Norway. Conclusions Results from the model confirm that there is a high probability that in 2009 the countries were free from E. multilocularis. The sensitivity analyses showed that the choice of the design prevalences in different infected populations was influential. Therefore more knowledge on expected prevalences for E. multilocularis in infected populations of different species is desirable to reduce residual uncertainty of the results.
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- 2011
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46. The prevalence of atypical scrapie in sheep from positive flocks is not higher than in the general sheep population in 11 European countries
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Liam Barry, Hautaniemi Maria, Poizat Renaud, Orge Leonor, Thorgeirsdottir Stefania, Ingravalle Francesco, Nöremark Maria, Maurella Cristiana, Fediaevsky Alexandre, Calavas Didier, Ru Giuseppe, and Hopp Petter
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Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background During the last decade, active surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in small ruminants has been intensive in Europe. In many countries this has led to the detection of cases of atypical scrapie which, unlike classical scrapie, might not be contagious. EU legislation requires, that following detection of a scrapie case, control measures including further testing take place in affected flocks, including the culling of genotype susceptible to classical scrapie. This might result in the detection of additional cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of additional cases in flocks affected by atypical scrapie using surveillance data collected in Europe in order to ascertain whether atypical scrapie, is contagious. Results Questionnaires were used to collect, at national level, the results of active surveillance and testing associated with flock outbreaks in 12 European countries. The mean prevalence of atypical scrapie was 5.5 (5.0-6.0) cases per ten thousand in abattoir surveillance and 8.1 (7.3-9.0) cases per ten thousand in fallen stock. By using meta-analysis, on 11 out of the 12 countries, we found that the probability of detecting additional cases of atypical scrapie in positive flocks was similar to the probability observed in animals slaughtered for human consumption (odds ratio, OR = 1.07, CI95%: 0.70-1.63) or among fallen stock (OR = 0.78, CI95%: 0.51-1.2). In contrast, when comparing the two scrapie types, the probability of detecting additional cases in classical scrapie positive flocks was significantly higher than the probability of detecting additional cases in atypical scrapie positive flocks (OR = 32.4, CI95%: 20.7-50.7). Conclusions These results suggest that atypical scrapie is not contagious or has a very low transmissibility under natural conditions compared with classical scrapie. Furthermore this study stressed the importance of standardised data collection to make good use of the analyses undertaken by European countries in their efforts to control atypical and classical scrapie.
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- 2010
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47. A descriptive study of the prevalence of atypical and classical scrapie in sheep in 20 European countries
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Calavas Didier, Nöremark Maria, Tongue Sue C, Fediaevsky Alexandre, Ru Giuseppe, and Hopp Petter
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Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background The development of active surveillance programmes for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of small ruminants across Europe has led to the recent identification of a previously undetected form of ovine prion disease, 'atypical' scrapie. Knowledge of the epidemiology of this disease is still limited, as is whether it represents a risk for animal and/or public health. The detection of atypical scrapie has been related to the use of only some of the EU agreed rapid tests. Information about the rapid tests used is not, as yet, available from public reports on the surveillance of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in small ruminants. We collected detailed results of active surveillance from European countries to estimate and to compare the prevalence of atypical scrapie and classical scrapie in sheep for each country stratified by each surveillance stream; healthy slaughtered and found dead adult sheep. Results From the 20 participating countries, it appeared that atypical scrapie was detected in Europe wherever the conditions necessary for its diagnosis were present. In most countries, atypical scrapie and classical scrapie occurred at low prevalence level. The classical scrapie prevalence estimates were more variable than those for atypical scrapie, which appeared remarkably homogeneous across countries, surveillance streams and calendar years of surveillance. Differences were observed in the age and genotype of atypical scrapie and classical scrapie cases that are consistent with previous published findings. Conclusion This work suggests that atypical scrapie is not rare compared to classical scrapie. The homogeneity of its prevalence, whatever the country, stream of surveillance or year of detection, contrasts with the epidemiological pattern of classical scrapie. This suggests that the aetiology of atypical scrapie differs from that of classical scrapie.
- Published
- 2008
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48. Norwegian farmers' vigilance in reporting sheep showing scrapie-associated signs
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Jarp Jorun, Vatn Synnøve, and Hopp Petter
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Scrapie is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting small ruminants and belongs to the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Scrapie is considered a serious animal disease and it has been notifiable in Norway since 1965. The clinical signs of scrapie might be vague and the farmers, if familiar with the signs of scrapie, are often in the best position for detecting scrapie suspects. In 2002, an anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted in order to assess Norwegian sheep farmers' vigilance of scrapie. Results Although the potential detection of a scrapie-positive animal would lead to the destruction of the sheep flock concerned, almost all the farmers (97 %) expressed their willingness to report scrapie suspects. This was most certainly dependent on the Government taking the economic responsibility for the control programme as nearly all the farmers responded that this was an important condition. Listeriosis is relatively common disease in Norwegian sheep and a differential diagnosis for scrapie. In a multinomial logistic regression the reporting behaviour for non-recovering listeriosis cases, used as a measurement of willingness to report scrapie, was examined. The reporting of non-recovering listeriosis cases increased as the knowledge of scrapie-associated signs increased, and the reporting behaviour was dependent on both economic and non-economic values. Conclusion The results indicate that in 2002 almost all sheep farmers showed willingness to report any scrapie suspects. Nevertheless there is an underreporting of scrapie suspects and the farmers' awareness and hence their vigilance of scrapie could be improved. Furthermore, the results suggest that to ensure the farmers' compliance to control programmes for serious infectious diseases, the farmers' concerns of non-economic as well as economic values should be considered.
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- 2007
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49. Explaining the heterogeneous scrapie surveillance figures across Europe: a meta-regression approach
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Ru Giuseppe, Nunes Telmo, Hopp Petter, Del Rio Vilas Victor J, Sivam Kumar, and Ortiz-Pelaez Angel
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Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Two annual surveys, the abattoir and the fallen stock, monitor the presence of scrapie across Europe. A simple comparison between the prevalence estimates in different countries reveals that, in 2003, the abattoir survey appears to detect more scrapie in some countries. This is contrary to evidence suggesting the greater ability of the fallen stock survey to detect the disease. We applied meta-analysis techniques to study this apparent heterogeneity in the behaviour of the surveys across Europe. Furthermore, we conducted a meta-regression analysis to assess the effect of country-specific characteristics on the variability. We have chosen the odds ratios between the two surveys to inform the underlying relationship between them and to allow comparisons between the countries under the meta-regression framework. Baseline risks, those of the slaughtered populations across Europe, and country-specific covariates, available from the European Commission Report, were inputted in the model to explain the heterogeneity. Results Our results show the presence of significant heterogeneity in the odds ratios between countries and no reduction in the variability after adjustment for the different risks in the baseline populations. Three countries contributed the most to the overall heterogeneity: Germany, Ireland and The Netherlands. The inclusion of country-specific covariates did not, in general, reduce the variability except for one variable: the proportion of the total adult sheep population sampled as fallen stock by each country. A large residual heterogeneity remained in the model indicating the presence of substantial effect variability between countries. Conclusion The meta-analysis approach was useful to assess the level of heterogeneity in the implementation of the surveys and to explore the reasons for the variation between countries.
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- 2007
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50. A case–control study on scrapie in Norwegian sheep flocks
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Hopp, Petter, Ulvund, Martha J, and Jarp, Jorun
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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