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4. Author Correction: The plasmidome associated with Gram-negative bloodstream infections: a large-scale observational study using complete plasmid assemblies

Author

Lipworth, Samuel, Matlock, William, Shaw, Liam, Vihta, Karina-Doris, Rodger, Gillian, Chau, Kevin, Barker, Leanne, George, Sophie, Kavanagh, James, Davies, Timothy, Vaughan, Alison, Andersson, Monique, Jeffery, Katie, Oakley, Sarah, Morgan, Marcus, Hopkins, Susan, Peto, Timothy, Crook, Derrick, Walker, A. Sarah, and Stoesser, Nicole

Published
2024
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5. The plasmidome associated with Gram-negative bloodstream infections: A large-scale observational study using complete plasmid assemblies

Author

Lipworth, Samuel, Matlock, William, Shaw, Liam, Vihta, Karina-Doris, Rodger, Gillian, Chau, Kevin, Barker, Leanne, George, Sophie, Kavanagh, James, Davies, Timothy, Vaughan, Alison, Andersson, Monique, Jeffery, Katie, Oakley, Sarah, Morgan, Marcus, Hopkins, Susan, Peto, Timothy, Crook, Derrick, Walker, A. Sarah, and Stoesser, Nicole

Published
2024
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7. Application of Quantum Pre-Processing Filter for Binary Image Classification with Small Samples

Author

Riaz, Farina, Abdulla, Shahab, Suzuki, Hajime, Ganguly, Srinjoy, Deo, Ravinesh C., and Hopkins, Susan

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Over the past few years, there has been significant interest in Quantum Machine Learning (QML) among researchers, as it has the potential to transform the field of machine learning. Several models that exploit the properties of quantum mechanics have been developed for practical applications. In this study, we investigated the application of our previously proposed quantum pre-processing filter (QPF) to binary image classification. We evaluated the QPF on four datasets: MNIST (handwritten digits), EMNIST (handwritten digits and alphabets), CIFAR-10 (photographic images) and GTSRB (real-life traffic sign images). Similar to our previous multi-class classification results, the application of QPF improved the binary image classification accuracy using neural network against MNIST, EMNIST, and CIFAR-10 from 98.9% to 99.2%, 97.8% to 98.3%, and 71.2% to 76.1%, respectively, but degraded it against GTSRB from 93.5% to 92.0%. We then applied QPF in cases using a smaller number of training and testing samples, i.e. 80 and 20 samples per class, respectively. In order to derive statistically stable results, we conducted the experiment with 100 trials choosing randomly different training and testing samples and averaging the results. The result showed that the application of QPF did not improve the image classification accuracy against MNIST and EMNIST but improved it against CIFAR-10 and GTSRB from 65.8% to 67.2% and 90.5% to 91.8%, respectively. Further research will be conducted as part of future work to investigate the potential of QPF to assess the scalability of the proposed approach to larger and complex datasets., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023

8. Development of a Novel Quantum Pre-processing Filter to Improve Image Classification Accuracy of Neural Network Models

Author

Riaz, Farina, Abdulla, Shahab, Suzuki, Hajime, Ganguly, Srinjoy, Deo, Ravinesh C., and Hopkins, Susan

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

This paper proposes a novel quantum pre-processing filter (QPF) to improve the image classification accuracy of neural network (NN) models. A simple four qubit quantum circuit that uses Y rotation gates for encoding and two controlled NOT gates for creating correlation among the qubits is applied as a feature extraction filter prior to passing data into the fully connected NN architecture. By applying the QPF approach, the results show that the image classification accuracy based on the MNIST (handwritten 10 digits) and the EMNIST (handwritten 47 class digits and letters) datasets can be improved, from 92.5% to 95.4% and from 68.9% to 75.9%, respectively. These improvements were obtained without introducing extra model parameters or optimizations in the machine learning process. However, tests performed on the developed QPF approach against a relatively complex GTSRB dataset with 43 distinct class real-life traffic sign images showed a degradation in the classification accuracy. Considering this result, further research into the understanding and the design of a more suitable quantum circuit approach for image classification neural networks could be explored utilizing the baseline method proposed in this paper., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures

Published
2023

11. Quantitative Imaging Metrics for the Assessment of Pulmonary Pathophysiology: An Official American Thoracic Society and Fleischner Society Joint Workshop Report.

Author

Hsia, Connie, Bates, Jason, Driehuys, Bastiaan, Fain, Sean, Goldin, Jonathan, Hoffman, Eric, Hogg, James, Levin, David, Lynch, David, Ochs, Matthias, Parraga, Grace, Prisk, G, Smith, Benjamin, Tawhai, Merryn, Vidal Melo, Marcos, Woods, Jason, and Hopkins, Susan

Subjects
computed tomography, lung mechanics, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, ventilation-perfusion-diffusion, Humans, Benchmarking, Lung, Lung Diseases, Pulmonary Emphysema, Respiration, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Abstract

Multiple thoracic imaging modalities have been developed to link structure to function in the diagnosis and monitoring of lung disease. Volumetric computed tomography (CT) renders three-dimensional maps of lung structures and may be combined with positron emission tomography (PET) to obtain dynamic physiological data. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using ultrashort-echo time (UTE) sequences has improved signal detection from lung parenchyma; contrast agents are used to deduce airway function, ventilation-perfusion-diffusion, and mechanics. Proton MRI can measure regional ventilation-perfusion ratio. Quantitative imaging (QI)-derived endpoints have been developed to identify structure-function phenotypes, including air-blood-tissue volume partition, bronchovascular remodeling, emphysema, fibrosis, and textural patterns indicating architectural alteration. Coregistered landmarks on paired images obtained at different lung volumes are used to infer airway caliber, air trapping, gas and blood transport, compliance, and deformation. This document summarizes fundamental good practice stereological principles in QI study design and analysis; evaluates technical capabilities and limitations of common imaging modalities; and assesses major QI endpoints regarding underlying assumptions and limitations, ability to detect and stratify heterogeneous, overlapping pathophysiology, and monitor disease progression and therapeutic response, correlated with and complementary to, functional indices. The goal is to promote unbiased quantification and interpretation of in vivo imaging data, compare metrics obtained using different QI modalities to ensure accurate and reproducible metric derivation, and avoid misrepresentation of inferred physiological processes. The role of imaging-based computational modeling in advancing these goals is emphasized. Fundamental principles outlined herein are critical for all forms of QI irrespective of acquisition modality or disease entity.

Published
2023

12. COVID-19 testing and reporting behaviours in England across different sociodemographic groups: a population-based study using testing data and data from community prevalence surveillance surveys

Author

Aguas, Ricardo, Amswych, Ma'ayan, Andersen-Waine, Billie, Bajaj, Sumali, Bimpong, Kweku, Bodley, Adam, Cantrell, Liberty, Chen, Siyu, Creswell, Richard, Dahal, Prabin, Dickinson, Sophie, Dittrich, Sabine, Evans, Tracy, Ferguson-Lewis, Angus, Franco, Caroline, Gao, Bo, Hounsell, Rachel, Kasim, Muhammad, Keene, Claire, Lambert, Ben, Mahmood, Umar, Mills, Melinda, Moldokmatova, Ainura, Molyneux, Sassy, Naidoo, Reshania, Ngwafor Anye, Randolph, Norman, Jared, Pan-Ngum, Wirichada, Pokharel, Sunil, Polner, Anastasiia, Rowe, Emily, Saralamba, Sompob, Shretta, Rima, Silal, Sheetal, Stepniewska, Kasia, L-H Tsui, Joseph, Voysey, Merryn, Wanat, Marta, White, Lisa J, Tsui, Joseph L-H, Kolade, Olumide, Nicholson, George, Lehmann, Brieuc, Hay, James A, Kraemer, Moritz U G, Donnelly, Christl A, Fowler, Tom, and Hopkins, Susan

Published
2024
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13. Protection of vaccine boosters and prior infection against mild/asymptomatic and moderate COVID-19 infection in the UK SIREN healthcare worker cohort: October 2023 to March 2024

Author

Kirwan, Peter D., Foulkes, Sarah, Munro, Katie, Sparkes, Dominic, Singh, Jasleen, Henry, Amanda, Dunne, Angela, Timeyin, Jean, Russell, Sophie, Khawam, Jameel, Blick, Debbie, Otter, Ashley D., Hettiarachchi, Nipunadi, Cairns, Michelle D., Jackson, Christopher H., Seaman, Shaun, Brown, Colin S., Atti, Ana, Islam, Jasmin, Charlett, Andre, De Angelis, Daniela, Presanis, Anne M., Hall, Victoria J., and Hopkins, Susan

Published
2024
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17. Computer Says No? Limitations of Tech-Focused Transitions to Higher Education for Australian LSES Students

Author

Hopkins, Susan

Abstract

This article explores the limitations of technology-focused teaching and online learning in 'widening participation' tertiary preparation programs, from the perspective of non-traditional university students, and in their own words. Specifically, the article draws on data derived from the "Life Literacies" academic preparation and action research project which was designed to enhance the capacity of students from low socioeconomic (LSES) backgrounds to successfully undertake undergraduate study at a regional Australian university. Reflecting on this data, as an action researcher and critically reflective practitioner, I argue for a more human-centred and holistic approach to teaching LSES students in widening participation programs. This approach does not overestimate the potential of computer-mediated learning, but provides embedded digital literacy support through positive, supportive social relationships. What enabling educators need, is not ever more complex communications technologies, but the time, through-care and people skills to be authentically and consistently available and present for their non-traditional students.

Published
2023
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20. System-wide approaches to antimicrobial therapy and antimicrobial resistance in the UK: the AMR-X framework

Author

Abel, Kathryn, Agnew, Emily, Amos, James, Armstrong, Natalie, Armstrong-James, Darius, Ashfield, Thomas, Aston, Stephen, Baillie, J Kenneth, Baldwin, Steven, Barlow, Gavin, Bartle, Victoria, Bielicki, Julia, Brown, Colin, Carrol, Enitan, Clements, Michelle, Cooke, Graham, Dane, Aaron, Dark, Paul, Day, Jeremy, de-Soyza, Anthony, Dowsey, Andrew, Evans, Stephanie, Eyre, David, Felton, Timothy, Fowler, Tom, Foy, Robbie, Gannon, Karen, Gerada, Alessandro, Goodman, Anna, Harman, Tracy, Hayward, Gail, Holmes, Alison, Hopkins, Susan, Howard, Philip, Howard, Alexander, Hsia, Yingfen, Knight, Gwen, Lemoine, Nick, Koh, James, Macgowan, Alasdair, Marwick, Charis, Moore, Catrin, O’Brien, Seamus, Oppong, Raymond, Peacock, Sharon, Pett, Sarah, Pouwels, Koen, Queree, Chris, Rahman, Najib, Sculpher, Mark, Shallcross, Laura, Sharland, Michael, Singh, Jasvinder, Stoddart, Karen, Thomas-Jones, Emma, Townsend, Andrew, Ustianowski, Andrew, Van Staa, Tjeerd, Walker, Sarah, White, Peter, Wilson, Paul, Buchan, Iain, Woods, Beth, Bower, Peter, Llewelyn, Martin, and Hope, William

Published
2024
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21. Rapid antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2 by lateral flow assay: A field evaluation of self- and professional testing at UK community testing sites

Author

Futschik, Matthias E., Johnson, Samuel, Turek, Elena, Chapman, David, Carr, Simon, Thorlu-Bangura, Zareen, Klapper, Paul E., Sudhanva, Malur, Dodgson, Andrew, Cole-Hamilton, Joanna R., Germanacos, Nick, Kulasegaran-Shylini, Raghavendran, Blandford, Edward, Tunkel, Sarah, Peto, Timothy, Hopkins, Susan, and Fowler, Tom

Published
2024
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24. RT-PCR genotyping assays to identify SARS-CoV-2 variants in England in 2021: a design and retrospective evaluation study

Author

Bray, Neil, Sopwith, Will, Edmunds, Matt, Vansteenhouse, Harper, Feenstra, Jelena D M, Jacobs, Peter, Rajput, Kamal, O’Connell, Anne Marie, Smith, Melanie L, Blomquist, Paula, Hatziioanou, Diane, Elson, Richard, Vivancos, Roberto, Gallagher, Eileen, Wigglesworth, Mark J, Dominiczak, Anna, Hopkins, Susan, and Lake, Iain R

Published
2024
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25. Effect of second booster vaccinations and prior infection against SARS-CoV-2 in the UK SIREN healthcare worker cohort

Author

Lewis, Tracy, Bain, Steve, Thomas, Rebeccah, Geen, John, Pothecary, Carla, Cutler, Sean, Northfield, John, Price, Cathy, Tomlinson, Johanne, Knight, Sarah, Macnaughton, Emily, Watson, Ekaterina, Lazarus, Rajeka, Sinclair, Aaran, Galliford, Joanne, Masunda, Bridgett, Mahungu, Tabitha, Rodger, Alison, Hanison, Esther, Warren, Simon, Jain, Swati, Mirfenderesky, Mariyam, Mahabir, Natasha, Pritchard-Jones, Rowan, Wycherley, Diane, Gabriel, Claire, Matovu, Elijah, Bakker, Philippa, Guha, Simantee, Gormley, S., Pethick, James, Butt, Georgina, Pepper, Stacey, Bedford, Luke, Ridley, Paul, Democratis, Jane, Meda, Manjula, Chawla, Anu, Westwell, Fran, Kalakonda, Nagesh, Khanduri, Sheena, Doel, Allison, Pai, Sumita, Hacon, Christian, Nwaka, Davis, Moro, Veronica Mendez, Moody, A., Auckland, Cressida, Prince, Stephanie, de Silva, Thushan, Shulver, Helen, Shah, A., Jones, C., Subhro-Osuji, Banerjee, Houston, Angela, Planche, Tim, Booth, Martin, Duff, Christopher, Aeron-Thomas, Jonnie, Chaudhuri, Ray, Hilton, David, Jory, Hannah, Al-Khafaji, Zehra'a, Kemsley, Philippa, Longfellow, Ruth, Boss, David, Brake, Simon, Coke, Louise, Elumogo, Ngozi, Latham, Scott, Subudhi, Chinari, Hoad, Ina, Thomas, Claire, Chitalia, Nihil, Edmunds, Tracy, Ashby, Helen, Elliott, John, Wilkinson, Beverley, Rand, Abby, Thompson, Catherine, Agwuh, K., Grice, Anna, Moran, Kelly, Waykar, Vijayendra, Lester, Yvonne, Sach, Lauren, Court, Kathryn, White, Nikki, Favager, Clair, Holliday, Kyra, Harwood, Jayne, Payne, Brendan, Burns, Karen, Fothergill, Lynda, Arenas-Pinto, Alejandro, Severn, Abigail, Brown, Kerryanne, Gray, Katherine, Dare, Jane, Zheng, Qi, Hollinshead, Kathryn, Shorten, Robert, Roebuck, Alun, Holmes, Christopher, Wiselka, Martin, Faris, Barzo, Marsh, Liane, McAdam, Clare, Ditchfield, Lisa, Qazzafi, Zaman, Boyd, G., Wong, N., Brand, Sarah, Squires, Jack, Ashcroft, John, Rosario, Ismaelette Del, Howard, Joanne, Ward, Emma, Harrison, Gemma, Morgan, Joely, Corless, Claire, Penn, Ruth, Wong, Nick, Bagary, Manny, Starkova, Nadezda, Beekes, Mandy, Carnahan, Mandy, Khan, Shivani, Mackay, Shekoo, Lewis, Keneisha, Pickard, Graham, Dawson, Joy, Finlayson, Lauren, Cameron, Euan, Todd, Anne, Fagegaltier, Sebastien, Mavin, Sally, Cochrane, Alexandra, Gibson, Andrew, Donaldson, Sam, Templeton, Kate, Malcolm, Martin, Smith, Beth, Dhasmana, Devesh, Fowler, Susan, Ho, Antonia, Murphy, Michael, Beith, Claire, Patel, Manish, Boyd, Elizabeth, Irvine, Val, Grant, Alison, Temple-Purcell, Rebecca, Loughrey, Clodagh, Hanna, Elinor, Johnston, Frances, Boulos, Angel, Thompson, Fiona, Protaschik, Yuri, Regan, Susan, Donaghy, Tracy, O'Kane, Maurice, Akinbami, Omolola, Barbero, Paola, Brooks, Tim, Chand, Meera, Insalata, Ferdinando, Joshi, Palak, O'Connell, Anne-Marie, Ramsay, Mary, Saei, Ayoub, Zambon, Maria, Linley, Ezra, Tonge, Simon, Adaji, Enemona, Adebiyi, Omoyeni, Andrews, Nick, Conneely, Joanna, Conneely, Paul, Dunne, Angela, Dyer, Simone, Emmett, Hannah, Hettiarachchi, Nipunadi, Kapirial, Nishanthan, Khawam, Jameel, Monk, Edward, Russell, Sophie, Taylor-Kerr, Andrew, Timeyin, Jean, D'Arcangelo, Silvia, Rowe, Cathy, Semper, Amanda, Gallagher, Eileen, Kyffin, Robert, Cromey, Lisa, Areghan, Desmond, Bishop, Jennifer, Dembinsky, Melanie, Dobbie, Laura, Evans, Josie, Goldberg, David, Haahr, Lynne, Jorgenson, Annelysse, Matuluko, Ayodeji, Naismith, Laura, Nuryunarsih, Desy, Olaoye, Alexander, Plank, Caitlin, Price, Lesley, Sergenson, Nicole, Stewart, Sally, Telfer, Andrew, Weir, Jennifer, De Lacy, Ellen, Ellis, Yvette, Froude, Susannah, Stevens, Guy, Tyson, Linda, Dunachie, Susanna, Klenerman, Paul, Duncan, Chris, Payne, Rebecca, Turtle, Lance, Richter, Alex, De Silva, Thushan, Barnes, Eleanor, Wootton, Daniel, Galgut, Oliver, Heeney, Jonathan, Baxendale, Helen, Castillo-Olivares, Javier, Beale, Rupert, Carr, Edward, Barclay, Wendy, Moshe, Maya, Palmarini, Massimo, Willett, Brian, Baillie, John Kenneth, Evans, Jennie, Aquino, Erika, Kirwan, Peter D., Hall, Victoria J., Foulkes, Sarah, Otter, Ashley D., Munro, Katie, Sparkes, Dominic, Howells, Anna, Platt, Naomi, Broad, Jonathan, Crossman, David, Norman, Chris, Corrigan, Diane, Jackson, Christopher H., Cole, Michelle, Brown, Colin S., Atti, Ana, Islam, Jasmin, Presanis, Anne M., Charlett, Andre, De Angelis, Daniela, and Hopkins, Susan

Published
2024
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26. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine third doses and previous infection in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infections during the Delta and Omicron variant waves; the UK SIREN cohort study September 2021 to February 2022

Author

Hall, Victoria J., Insalata, Ferdinando, Foulkes, Sarah, Kirwan, Peter, Sparkes, Dominic, Atti, Ana, Cole, Michelle, de Lacy, Elen, Price, Lesley, Corrigan, Diane, Brown, Colin S., Islam, Jasmin, Charlett, Andre, and Hopkins, Susan

Published
2024
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28. Omicron infection following vaccination enhances a broad spectrum of immune responses dependent on infection history

Author

Hornsby, Hailey, Nicols, Alexander R., Longet, Stephanie, Liu, Chang, Tomic, Adriana, Angyal, Adrienn, Kronsteiner, Barbara, Tyerman, Jessica K., Tipton, Tom, Zhang, Peijun, Gallis, Marta, Supasa, Piyada, Selvaraj, Muneeswaran, Abraham, Priyanka, Neale, Isabel, Ali, Mohammad, Barratt, Natalie A., Nell, Jeremy M., Gustafsson, Lotta, Strickland, Scarlett, Grouneva, Irina, Rostron, Timothy, Moore, Shona C., Hering, Luisa M., Dobson, Susan L., Bibi, Sagida, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, Lambe, Teresa, Wootton, Dan, Hall, Victoria, Hopkins, Susan, Dong, Tao, Barnes, Eleanor, Screaton, Gavin, Richter, Alex, Turtle, Lance, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L., Carroll, Miles, Duncan, Christopher J. A., Klenerman, Paul, Dunachie, Susanna J., Payne, Rebecca P., and de Silva, Thushan I.

Published
2023
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30. Early Warning Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants, United Kingdom, November 2021--September 2022

Author

Foulkes, Sarah, Monk, Edward J.M., Sparkes, Dominic, Hettiarachchi, Nipunadi, Milligan, Iain D., Munro, Katie, Taylor- Kerr, Andrew, Platt, Naomi, Howells, Anna, Kyaw, Jerry Ye Aung, Adaji, Enemona, Gallagher, Eileen, Khawam, Jameel, Wellington, Edgar, Price, Lesley, Crossman, David, Norman, Chris, de Lacy, Elen, Cromey, Lisa, Corrigan, Diane, Lackenby, Angie, Barbero, Paola, Elegunde, Busayo, Zambon, Maria, Chand, Meera A., Brown, Colin S., Islam, Jasmin, Atti, Ana, Hopkins, Susan, Hall, Victoria J., and Cole, Michelle J.

Subjects
Epidemics -- Causes of -- Statistics -- United Kingdom, Sentinel health events -- Methods, Medical personnel -- Statistics -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Since June 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 Immunity and Reinfection Evaluation (SIREN) Study has detected and investigated SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in the United Kingdom; after vaccine rollout, SIREN was adapted to monitor vaccine [...]

Published
2023
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32. Face Masks and the Cardiorespiratory Response to Physical Activity in Health and Disease

Author

Hopkins, Susan R, Dominelli, Paolo B, Davis, Christopher K, Guenette, Jordan A, Luks, Andrew M, Molgat-Seon, Yannick, Sá, Rui Carlos, Sheel, A William, Swenson, Erik R, and Stickland, Michael K

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Lung, Prevention, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Exercise, Humans, Masks, Pandemics, Personal Protective Equipment, SARS-CoV-2, United States, face mask, pulmonary limitations to exercise, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

To minimize transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel coronavirus responsible for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization recommend wearing face masks in public. Some have expressed concern that these may affect the cardiopulmonary system by increasing the work of breathing, altering pulmonary gas exchange and increasing dyspnea, especially during physical activity. These concerns have been derived largely from studies evaluating devices intentionally designed to severely affect respiratory mechanics and gas exchange. We review the literature on the effects of various face masks and respirators on the respiratory system during physical activity using data from several models: cloth face coverings and surgical masks, N95 respirators, industrial respirators, and applied highly resistive or high-dead space respiratory loads. Overall, the available data suggest that although dyspnea may be increased and alter perceived effort with activity, the effects on work of breathing, blood gases, and other physiological parameters imposed by face masks during physical activity are small, often too small to be detected, even during very heavy exercise. There is no current evidence to support sex-based or age-based differences in the physiological responses to exercise while wearing a face mask. Although the available data suggest that negative effects of using cloth or surgical face masks during physical activity in healthy individuals are negligible and unlikely to impact exercise tolerance significantly, for some individuals with severe cardiopulmonary disease, any added resistance and/or minor changes in blood gases may evoke considerably more dyspnea and, thus, affect exercise capacity.

Published
2021

33. Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on cardiopulmonary performance, endothelial dysfunction, and pulmonary hypertension during exercise

Author

Jen, Rachel, Orr, Jeremy E, Gilbertson, Dillon, Fine, Janelle, Li, Yanru, Wong, Darrin, Bosompra, Naa-Oye, Hopkins, Susan R, Raisinghani, Ajit, and Malhotra, Atul

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Sleep Research, Cardiovascular, Obesity, Prevention, Physical Activity, Lung, Nutrition, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Adult, Aged, Echocardiography, Endothelium, Vascular, Exercise, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Male, Middle Aged, Pulse, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Obstructive sleep apnea, Cardiopulmonary exercise test, Endothelial function, Pulmonary hypertension, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Neurosciences, Medical Physiology, Physiology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Medical physiology
Abstract

RationaleOSA has been associated with reduced exercise capacity. Endothelial dysfunction and exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (ePH) may be mediators of this impairment. We hypothesized that OSA severity would be associated with impaired exercise performance, endothelial dysfunction, and ePH.MethodsSubjects with untreated OSA were recruited. Subjects underwent endothelial function, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing with an echocardiogram immediately before and following exercise.Results22 subjects were recruited with mean age 56 ± 8 years, 74 % male, BMI 29 ± 3 kg/m2, and AHI 22 ± 12 events/hr. Peak V˙O2 did not differ from normal (99.7 ± 17.3 % predicted; p = 0.93). There was no significant association between OSA severity (as AHI, ODI) and exercise capacity, endothelial function, or pulmonary artery pressure. However, ODI, marker of RV diastolic dysfunction, and BMI together explained 59.3 % of the variability of exercise performance (p < 0.001) via our exploratory analyses.ConclusionsExercise capacity was not impaired in this OSA cohort. Further work is needed to elucidate mechanisms linking sleep apnea, obesity, endothelial dysfunction and exercise impairment.

Published
2021

34. The burden of antimicrobial resistance in the Americas in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis

Author

Aguilar, Gisela Robles, Swetschinski, Lucien R., Weaver, Nicole Davis, Ikuta, Kevin S., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Gray, Authia P., Chung, Erin, Wool, Eve E., Han, Chieh, Hayoon, Anna Gershberg, Araki, Daniel T., Abdollahi, Ashkan, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Adnan, Mohammad, Agarwal, Ramesh, Dehkordi, Javad Aminian, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Areda, Demelash, Azzam, Ahmed Y., Berezin, Eitan N., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bhuyan, Soumitra S., Browne, Annie J., Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K., Ching, Patrick R., Dai, Xiaochen, Darmstadt, Gary L., De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, Diao, Nancy, Diaz, Daniel, Mombaque dos Santos, Wendel, Eyre, David, Garcia, Coralith, Haines-Woodhouse, Georgina, Hassen, Mohammed Bheser, Henry, Nathaniel J., Hopkins, Susan, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Iregbu, Kenneth Chukwuemeka, Iwu, Chidozie C.D., Jacobs, Jan Adriaan, Janko, Mark M., Jones, Ronald, Karaye, Ibraheem M., Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Imteyaz A., Khan, Taimoor, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Kisa, Adnan, Koyaweda, Giscard Wilfried, Krapp, Fiorella, Kumaran, Emmanuelle A.P., Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lim, Stephen S., Liu, Xuefeng, Luby, Stephen, Maharaj, Sandeep B., Maronga, Christopher, Martorell, Miquel, May, Jürgen, McManigal, Barney, Mokdad, Ali H., Moore, Catrin E., Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Mussi-Pinhata, Marisa Marcia, Nanavati, Ruchi, Nassereldine, Hasan, Natto, Zuhair S., Qamar, Farah Naz, Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia, Ochoa, Theresa J., Ojo-Akosile, Tolulope R., Olagunju, Andrew T., Olivas-Martinez, Antonio, Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar, Ounchanum, Pradthana, Paredes, Jose L., Patthipati, Venkata Suresh, Pawar, Shrikant, Pereira, Marcos, Pollard, Andrew, Ponce-De-Leon, Alfredo, Sady Prates, Elton Junio, Qattea, Ibrahim, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Roilides, Emmanuel, Rosenthal, Victor Daniel, Rudd, Kristina E., Sangchan, Weerawut, Seekaew, Samroeng, Seylani, Allen, Shababi, Niloufar, Sham, Sunder, Sifuentes-Osornio, Jose, Singh, Harpreet, Stergachis, Andy, Tasak, Nidanuch, Tat, Nathan Y., Thaiprakong, Areerat, Valdez, Pascual R., Yada, Dereje Y., Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Hay, Simon I., Dolecek, Christiane, Sartorius, Benn, Murray, Christopher J.L., and Naghavi, Mohsen

Published
2023
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36. STROBE-metagenomics: a STROBE extension statement to guide the reporting of metagenomics studies

Author

Bharucha, Tehmina, Oeser, Clarissa, Balloux, Francois, Brown, Julianne R, Carbo, Ellen C, Charlett, Andre, Chiu, Charles Y, Claas, Eric CJ, de Goffau, Marcus C, de Vries, Jutte JC, Eloit, Marc, Hopkins, Susan, Huggett, Jim F, MacCannell, Duncan, Morfopoulou, Sofia, Nath, Avindra, O'Sullivan, Denise M, Reoma, Lauren B, Shaw, Liam P, Sidorov, Igor, Simner, Patricia J, Van Tan, Le, Thomson, Emma C, van Dorp, Lucy, Wilson, Michael R, Breuer, Judith, and Field, Nigel

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Genetics, Human Genome, Good Health and Well Being, Computational Biology, Humans, Metagenomics, Molecular Epidemiology, Research Design, Public Health and Health Services, Microbiology, Clinical sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract

The term metagenomics refers to the use of sequencing methods to simultaneously identify genomic material from all organisms present in a sample, with the advantage of greater taxonomic resolution than culture or other methods. Applications include pathogen detection and discovery, species characterisation, antimicrobial resistance detection, virulence profiling, and study of the microbiome and microecological factors affecting health. However, metagenomics involves complex and multistep processes and there are important technical and methodological challenges that require careful consideration to support valid inference. We co-ordinated a multidisciplinary, international expert group to establish reporting guidelines that address specimen processing, nucleic acid extraction, sequencing platforms, bioinformatics considerations, quality assurance, limits of detection, power and sample size, confirmatory testing, causality criteria, cost, and ethical issues. The guidance recognises that metagenomics research requires pragmatism and caution in interpretation, and that this field is rapidly evolving.

Published
2020

37. Ventilation–perfusion heterogeneity measured by the multiple inert gas elimination technique is minimally affected by intermittent breathing of 100% O2

Author

Elliott, Ann R, Puliyakote, Abhilash S Kizhakke, Tedjasaputra, Vincent, Pazár, Beni, Wagner, Harrieth, Sá, Rui C, Orr, Jeremy E, Prisk, G Kim, Wagner, Peter D, and Hopkins, Susan R

Subjects
Medical Physiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Research, Aged, Female, Humans, Hyperoxia, Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Noble Gases, Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio, hyperoxia, magnetic resonance imaging, pulmonary perfusion distribution, pulmonary ventilation distribution, specific ventilation imaging, ventilation-perfusion ratio, Physiology, Clinical Sciences, Medical physiology
Abstract

Proton magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to quantify regional ventilation-perfusion ( V˙A/Q˙ ) ratios combines specific ventilation imaging (SVI) and separate proton density and perfusion measures into a composite map. Specific ventilation imaging exploits the paramagnetic properties of O2 , which alters the local MR signal intensity, in an FI O2 -dependent manner. Specific ventilation imaging data are acquired during five wash-in/wash-out cycles of breathing 21% O2 alternating with 100% O2 over ~20 min. This technique assumes that alternating FI O2 does not affect V˙A/Q˙ heterogeneity, but this is unproven. We tested the hypothesis that alternating FI O2 exposure increases V˙A/Q˙ mismatch in nine patients with abnormal pulmonary gas exchange and increased V˙A/Q˙ mismatch using the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET).The following data were acquired (a) breathing air (baseline), (b) breathing alternating air/100% O2 during an emulated-SVI protocol (eSVI), and (c) 20 min after ambient air breathing (recovery). MIGET heterogeneity indices of shunt, deadspace, ventilation versus V˙A/Q˙ ratio, LogSD V˙ , and perfusion versus V˙A/Q˙ ratio, LogSD Q˙ were calculated. LogSD V˙ was not different between eSVI and baseline (1.04 ± 0.39 baseline, 1.05 ± 0.38 eSVI, p = .84); but was reduced compared to baseline during recovery (0.97 ± 0.39, p = .04). There was no significant difference in LogSD Q˙ across conditions (0.81 ± 0.30 baseline, 0.79 ± 0.15 eSVI, 0.79 ± 0.20 recovery; p = .54); Deadspace was not significantly different (p = .54) but shunt showed a borderline increase during eSVI (1.0% ± 1.0 baseline, 2.6% ± 2.9 eSVI; p = .052) likely from altered hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and/or absorption atelectasis. Intermittent breathing of 100% O2 does not substantially alter V˙A/Q˙ matching and if SVI measurements are made after perfusion measurements, any potential effects will be minimized.

Published
2020

38. Clinical features and management of individuals admitted to hospital with monkeypox and associated complications across the UK: a retrospective cohort study

Author

Dunning, Jake, Fink, Douglas L, Milligan, Iain D, Luintel, Akish, Rodger, Alison J, Bhagani, Sanjay R, Lamb, Lucy E, Moores, Rachel C, Lee, Simon F K, Brown, Colin S, Hopkins, Susan, Mepham, Stephen, Warren, Simon, Molloy, Aoife, Cropley, Ian, Kew, Alex, Karunaharan, Natasha, Scobie, Antonia, Hart, Jennifer, Irish, Dianne, Haque, Tanzina, Jalal, Hamid, Smith, Robin, Mack, Damien, Barber, Tristan, Burns, Fiona, Miller, Robert, Hamlyn, Eleanor, Simoes, Pedro, Athan, Breda, Abrahamsen, Jennifer, Joyce, Jessica, Taylor, Caroline, Reddecliffe, Sally, Miller, Chloe, Reeve, Brooke, Kingston, Hugh, Crocker-Buque, Tim, Massie, Nicolas, Dhariwal, Ankush, Jayakumar, Angelina, Hammond, Robert, Bramley, Alexandra, Kanitkar, Tanmay, Maynard-Smith, Laura, Gil, Eliza, O'Connor, Cavan, Cocker, Derek, Spicer, Wendy, Lanzman, Marisa, Thacker, Meera, Anorson, Zoe O, Patel, Dharmesh, Williams, Alan, Houlihan, Catherine F, Wakerley, Dominic, Gordon, Claire N, Callaby, Helen, Bailey, Daniel J, Furneaux, Jenna, Bown, Abbie M, Truelove, Elizabeth J, Killip, Marian J, Jackson, David, Beetar-King, Tracy L B, Arnold, Ulrike M V, Strachan, Rhea M, Matthew, Jones, Matthew, Hannah J, Osborne, Jane C, Rampling, Tommy, Vipond, Richard, Gibney, Barry, Owen, Jodie, Bond, Helena, Beynon, Will, Hunter, Michael, McCorry, Louise, Emerson, Carol, Quah, Say, Todd, Suzanne, McCarty, Emma, Walker, Eoin, Feeney, Susan, Curran, Tanya, Li, Kathy, Mullan, JD, Jackson, Kate, Nelson, Peter, Lewis, Kevin, McNicol, Mark, Pratt, Marcus, Smith, Anna, Vos, Erin, Alsalemee, Fahad, O Leary, Daniel, Canny, John, McGinnity, Katherine, Culbert, Carly, McDowell, Conor, McQuillan, Cathy, Jeong, Eunjin, Glass, Lynsey, Dyche, Jessica, McClean, Paula, Stewart, Rebecca, Ursolino, Harold, Perry, Melissa, McCormick, Hannah, Lim, Eleanor Y, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Bracchi, Margherita, Heskin, Joseph, Brown, Nicklas, Juniper, Thomas, Mora-Peris, Borja, Dalla-Pria, Alessia, Mackie, Nicola, Garvey, Lucy, Winston, Alan, Cooke, Graham, Nelson, Mark, Kilbride, Emer, Elbishi, Ala, Kerrigan, William, Silva, Joshua, Gohil, Jesal, Payagala, Sasha, Walters, Yasmin, Smith, Joanna, Goodfellow, Jonathan, Lyons, Kitty, Tung, Hsiu, Patel, Kinjal, Henderson, Merle, Butler, Michael, Peres, Edu, Silva Carvalho, Taiana, Joly, Antoine, Dickinson, Molly, Moore, Luke S P, Mughal, Nabeela, Hughes, Stephen, Chitlangia, Shrada, Viramgana, Priyanka, Byrne, Ruth, Randell, Paul, Strangis, Luigi, Poveda, Nicola, Bovey, Deborah, Richardson, Poppy, Heaslip, Vivian, Higgs, Christopher, Boffito, Marta, Girometti, Nicolo, Whitlock, Gary, Tittle, Victoria, Jones, Rachel, Rayment, Michael, Scott, Christopher, Asboe, David, Pond, Marcus, Muir, David, Rathish, Balram, O'Hara, Geraldine, Abeywickrema, Movin, Bailey, Sarah-Lou, Boyd, Sara E, Da Silva Fontoura, Dayana, Daunt, Anna, Mason, Claire Y, Murphy, Jamie, Naidu, Vasanth V, Patel, Aatish, Pley, Caitlin, Redmore, Ethan, Sharrocks, Katherine, Snell, Luke B, Sundramoorthi, Rohan, Tam, Jerry C H, Brown, Aisling, Douthwaite, Sam, Goodman, Anna, Nebbia, Gaia, Newsholme, William, Price, Nicholas, Shaw, Emily, Salam, Alex, van Nispen tot Pannerden, Claire, Winslow, Helen, Bilinska, Julia, Keegan, Sarah, Coleman, Harry, Doctor, Jessica, Moini, Nasreen, Chilton, Daniella, Haidari, Golaleh, Simons, Rebecca, Kulasegaram, Rajababu, Larbalestier, Nick, Nori, Achyuta, Potter, Jack R, Tuudah, Cecilia, Wade, Paul, Travers, Alexandra, Dunford, Sarah, Greenwood, Joshua, Oledimmah, Georgina, Gyampo, Lesley, SA Pinto, Pedro, Muse, AbdulKadir, Parker, Zoe, Alexander, Charlotte, Khan, Alexander, Ajayi, Medinat, Baltazar, Abigail, Sharella, Davis, Hersi, Nasra, Nguyen, Thuy, Timbo, Rugiatu, Jalloh, Ismail, Bryan, Susan, Clarke, Patricia, Kerr, Marcia, Amedu, Fidelis, BohoBonaba, Maria, Haque, Sarah, Howson, Michelle, Tambilawan, Norbai, Yupanqui Estay, Soledad, Bangura, Hawanatu, Gideon, Tseday, Jerome-oboh, Damilola, Tetteh, Linda, Nwagu, Chioma, Agbaglah, Viwoalo, Narag, Nona, Zaveri, Mahima, Ni Luanaigh, Maedhbh, Keane, Peggy, Peters, Joanna R, Rimmer, Stephanie, Abbara, Aula, Dosekun, Olamide, Bolland, Mhairi, Stafford, Adam, Saleh, Dina, Sheridan, Rhianna, Davies, Ella, Sun, Kristi, Gilchrist, Mark, Kukadia, Priti, Embrahimsa, Muhammed, Chiu, Christopher, Taylor, Lauren, Short, Charlotte, Alagratnam, Jasmini, Jayaweera, Iresh, Gundugola, Kavitha, Payne, Lara V S, Mody, Nisha, Quinn, Killian, Nic Fhogartaigh, Caoimhe, Kaur, Nivenjit, Bholah, Salmaan, Kantha, Kajann, Youngs, Jonathan, Lampejo, Temi, Pitto, Nicholas, Lawrence, David S, Middleditch, Holly, Dominguez-Dominguez, Lourdes, Ratnappuli, Ayoma, Al-Hashimi, Sara, Oliveira, Amelia, Ottaway, Zoe, Mulka, Larissa, Hodgson, Bethany, Lewthwaite, Penny, Neary, Anne M, Downey, Michael R, Lucy, Danielle C, McCallum, Craig I, Beadsworth, Michael, Ratcliffe, Libuse, Fletcher, Tom E, Davies, Gerry, Wong, Nicholas, Aston, Stephen, Wingfield, Thomas E, Blanchard, Thomas, Hine, Paul, Lester, Rebecca, Woolley, Stephen D, Gould, Susie, Smith, Christopher, Abouyannis, Michael, Atomode, Abolaji, Cruise, James, Samual, Merna, Scott, Nicola, Srirathan, Vino, Lewis, Joseph, Richards, Lauren, Cummings, Mary-Ann, Gillan, Emily, Peers, Rebecca, Tickle, Amy, Keating, Grace, Chinyanda, Tendi, Sanchez, Mav, Harrison, Daniel, Hoyle, Metcalfe, Ben, Taylor, Jennifer, Johnson, Nicky, Kelle, Neil, McDowell, Kirsty, Richardson, Ian, Saguidan, Monette, Farmer, Nicky, Gillespie, Angella, Willoughby, Shay, Parker, Samantha, Avulan, Shamseena, Arif, Shazia, Marshall, Suzanne, Carlisle, David, Rezaei, Mohsen, Booth, Angela, Watts, Joanne, Tremarco, Lauren, Jeyanayagam, Priyanga, Ubochi, Odinaka, Vagianos, Daniel, Richardson, Mark, Jarvis, Anthony, Gow, Kyra, Walmsley, Jade, O'keefe, Adam, Smielewska, Anna, Hopkins, Mark, Balane, Fatima, Bradley, Sarah, Corrah, Tumena, Daquiz, Venus, Dugan, Christopher, Elliot, Joshua, Foley, Fiona, Friday, Dawn, Gamit, May, Garner, David, Gokani, Karishma, John, Laurence, Joseph, Deepa, Khan, Nuzhath, Mamuyac, Cherifer, McGregor, Alastair, McSorley, John, Parris, Victoria, Rubinstein, Luciana, Rycroft, Julian, Salinas, Kelcy, Salinas, Jason, Sebatian, Jency, Smith, Melanie, Tejero Garcia, Marina, Ume, Uchenna, Vicentine, Margarete, Wallis, Gabriel, Sturdy, Ann, Whittington, Ashley, Jacobs, Nathan, Johnson, Leann, Bonington, Alec, Uriel, Alison, Ustianowski, Andrew, Dancso, Balazs, Hogan, Celia, van Halsema, Clare, Vilar, F Javier, Devine, Karen, Ajdukiewicz, Katherine, Rajendran, Rajesh, Ghosh, Samit, Riste, Michael, Machin, Nicholas, Babu, Chitra, Ahmad, Shazaad, Obeng, Dorcas, Dave, Farnaz, Conolley, Gavin, Thompson, Joseph, Tickell-Painter, Maya, Chakravorty, Prasun, Pringle, Rachel, Zafar, Mohammad R, Lawrence, Sarah, Sanchez-Gonzalez, Amada, Fernandez, Cristina, Goodwin, Lynsey, Carey, David, Howarth-Maddison, Molly, Moody, Samuel, Upton, Rebecca, Apthorp, Christina, Murray, Charlotte, Salthouse, Kirstie, Nadeem, Sabah, Ridley, Grant, White, Francesca, Brown, Andrew, Lawless, Michael, Mohamed, Mohamed, Mulligan, Robert, Belfield, Amy, Brolly, Jacob, Calderon, Maria, Cheveau, James, Cullinan, Milo, Garrad, Sophie, Griffiths, Will, Ireland, Aidan, Ireland, Peter, Milne, Charlotte, Nwajiugo, Paul, Quartey, John, Ghavami-Kia, Bijan, Duncan, Chris, Evans, Adam, Hunter, Ewan, Price, Ashley, Schmid, Matthias, Schwab, Uli, Taha, Yusri, Payne, Brendan, Elliott, Ivo A M, Crowe, Stewart, Woodrow, Charles J, Karageorgopoulos, Drosos E, Davis, Peter J, Lord, Emily, Bannister, Oliver J, Dagens, Andrew B, Harrison, Thomas, Cole, Joby, Tunbridge, Anne, Choudry, Saher, Telfer, Adam, Jhibril, Ihsan, Atta, Syed N, Stone, Ben, Evans, Cariad, Ankcorn, Mike, Akili, Suha, Yavuz, Mehmet, Goodall, Vicky, Farrow, Sam, Mountford, Georgina, Cusack, Tomas-Paul, Beard, Kate, Sutton, Julian, Clark, Tristan, Mason, Annette, Vickers, Mike, Macallan, Derek, Bicanic, Tihana, Houston, Angela, Pope, Cassie, Tan, NgeeKeong, Ward, Christopher, Jones, Imogen, Banerjee, Rishi, Cohen, Jonathan, Emonts-le Clercq, Marieke, Porter, David, Riordan, Andrew, Sinha, Ruchi, Whittaker, Elizabeth, Beynon, William, Heskin, Jospeh, Milligan, Iain, Payne, Lara, AI Payne, Brendan, Elliott, Ivo AM, and Beard, Katie

Published
2023
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40. Antibiotic review kit for hospitals (ARK-Hospital): a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial

Author

Llewelyn, Martin J, Budgell, Eric P, Laskawiec-Szkonter, Magda, Cross, Elizabeth L A, Alexander, Rebecca, Bond, Stuart, Coles, Phil, Conlon-Bingham, Geraldine, Dymond, Samantha, Evans, Morgan, Fok, Rosemary, Frost, Kevin J, Garcia-Arias, Veronica, Glass, Stephen, Gormley, Cairine, Gray, Katherine, Hamson, Clare, Harvey, David, Hills, Tim, Iyer, Shabnam, Johnson, Alison, Jones, Nicola, Kang, Parmjit, Kiapi, Gloria, Mack, Damien, Makanga, Charlotte, Mawer, Damian, McCullagh, Bernie, Mirfenderesky, Mariyam, McEwen, Ruth, Nag, Sath, Nagar, Aaron, Northfield, John, O'Driscoll, Jean, Pegden, Amanda, Porter, Robert, Powell, Neil, Price, David, Sheridan, Elizabeth, Slatter, Mandy, Stewart, Bruce, Watson, Cassandra, Weichert, Immo, Sivyer, Katy, Wordsworth, Sarah, Quaddy, Jack, Santillo, Marta, Krusche, Adele, Roope, Laurence S J, Mowbray, Fiona, Hand, Kieran S, Dobson, Melissa, Crook, Derrick W, Vaughan, Louella, Hopkins, Susan, Yardley, Lucy, Peto, Timothy E A, and Walker, Ann Sarah

Published
2023
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42. Sleep Hygiene for Optimizing Recovery in Athletes: Review and Recommendations

Author

Vitale, Kenneth C, Owens, Roberts, Hopkins, Susan R, and Malhotra, Atul

Subjects
Health Sciences, Sports Science and Exercise, Sleep Research, Brain Disorders, Behavioral and Social Science, Athletic Performance, Circadian Rhythm, Cognition, Humans, Jet Lag Syndrome, Muscle Strength, Reaction Time, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Hygiene, sleep deprivation, athletes, sleep hygiene, exercise, athletic performance, sleep extension, Mechanical Engineering, Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Sport Sciences, Sports science and exercise
Abstract

For elite athletes who exercise at a high level, sleep is critical to overall health. Many studies have documented the effects of sleep deprivation in the general population, but few studies exist regarding specific effects in the athlete. This review summarizes the effects of sleep deprivation and sleep extension on athletic performance, including reaction time, accuracy, strength and endurance, and cognitive function. There are clear negative effects of sleep deprivation on performance, including reaction time, accuracy, vigor, submaximal strength, and endurance. Cognitive functions such as judgment and decision-making also suffer. Sleep extension can positively affect reaction times, mood, sprint times, tennis serve accuracy, swim turns, kick stroke efficiency, and increased free throw and 3-point accuracy. Banking sleep (sleep extension prior to night of intentional sleep deprivation before sporting event) is a new concept that may also improve performance. For sports medicine providers, the negative effects of sleep deprivation cannot be overstated to athletes. To battle sleep deprivation, athletes may seek supplements with potentially serious side effects; improving sleep quality however is simple and effective, benefiting not only athlete health but also athletic performance.

Published
2019

43. Daily use of lateral flow devices by contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases to enable exemption from isolation compared with standard self-isolation to reduce onward transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in England: a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial

Author

Love, Nicola K, Ready, Derren R, Turner, Charlie, Verlander, Neville Q, French, Clare E, Martin, Alex F, Sorensen, Tina B, Metelmann, Soeren, Denford, Sarah, Rubin, G James, Yardley, Lucy, Amlôt, Richard, Hopkins, Susan, and Oliver, Isabel

Published
2022
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44. Antibody correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 reinfection prior to vaccination: A nested case-control within the SIREN study

Author

Atti, Ana, Insalata, Ferdinando, Carr, Edward J, Otter, Ashley D, Castillo-Olivares, Javier, Wu, Mary, Harvey, Ruth, Howell, Michael, Chan, Andrew, Lyall, Jonathan, Temperton, Nigel, Cantoni, Diego, da Costa, Kelly, Nadesalingam, Angalee, Taylor-Kerr, Andrew, Hettiarachchi, Nipunadi, Tranquillini, Caio, Hewson, Jacqueline, Cole, Michelle J, Foulkes, Sarah, Munro, Katie, Monk, Edward J M, Milligan, Iain D, Linley, Ezra, Chand, Meera A, Brown, Colin S, Islam, Jasmin, Semper, Amanda, Charlett, Andre, Heeney, Jonathan L, Beale, Rupert, Zambon, Maria, Hopkins, Susan, Brooks, Tim, and Hall, Victoria

Published
2022
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45. Rehabilitation versus surgical reconstruction for non-acute anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL SNNAP): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial

Author

Emsley, Richard, Peat, George, Snow, Martyn, Campbell, Marion, Howell, Tessa, Johnson, Hilary, McDonnell, Stephen, Pinkney, Thomas, Williams, Mark, Campbell, Helen, Davies, Jackie, Li, Jiyang, Bagg, Christina, Haywood, Laura, Nicholson, Anne, Riches, Joanne, Symons, Sean, Vertue, Mark, Al Mouazzen, Louay, Bray, Rachel, Clark, Damian, Coulthard, James, Holland, Tim, Howells, Nick, Jones, Andrew, Kapur, Richard, Kiszely, Alastair, Krishnan, Harry, MacDonald-Taylor, Karen, Manara, Jon, Murray, James, Negrut, Corina, Pai, Vishai, Porteous, Andrew, Putnis, Sven, Robinson, James, Rupasinghe, Shav, Selvaratnam, Veenesh, Smith, James, Smith, Nick, Stevens, Jarrad, Taylor, Clare, Theodorides, Anthony, Vetharajan, Niraj, Vint, Helen, Young, Lucy, Bullock, Susan, Cook, Rebecca, Dodds, Alexander, Freeman-Hicks, Amanda, Hillout, Paula, Cornell, Thomas, Coutts, Abbie, Dean, Suzy, Devooght-Johnson, Nicki, Ferrell, Emma, Fletcher, Eve, Hall, Chrissie, Kent, Benjamin, Kessly, Sandra, Kincaid, Robin, Lazizi, Mohamed, Mostafa, Ahmed, Nisbett, Toby, Powell, Tim, Riddlestone, Peter, Roberton, Andrew, Summers, Jessica, Whitbread, Lucy, Wroath, Belinda, Fenlon, Emma, Hall, Andrew, Jeffrey, Helen, Thonse, Raghuram, Dunne, Debra, Metcalfe, Andy, McGowan, Kerri, Middleton, Simon, Shah, Feisal, Spalding, Tim, Marie Suddens, Charlie, Sweed, Tamar, Teuke, Joanna, Thompson, Peter, Wright, David, Amero, Justine, Brown, Emma, Chissell, Hugh, Croucher, Andrea, Dickinson, Gareth, Hawkes-Blackburn, Catherine, Peacocke, Alice, Smith, Graham, Snipe, Carol, Dearnley, Kim, Mayahi, Reza, Andrews, Barry, Barcelona, Massimo, Giles, Hazel, Gokturk, Abdulkerim, Harnett, Paul, Jeeves, Katie, Kadunyi, Joyce, Mendoza, Sheena, Reichert, Ines, Santamaria, Marta, Virdee, Harshinder, Anand, Sanjeev, Aslam-Pervez, Nayef, Draycott, Stephen, Howarth, Faye, Jina, Irfan, Maher, Niall, Ross, Denise, Worstenholme, Lindsey, Baig, Abdul, Bhaskaran, Arun, Banks, Daniel, Brear, Tracy, Christie, Carla, Cowen, Laura, Davis, Jack, Dixey, Ross, Esler, Colin, Essop-Adam, Amirah, Haines, Christina, Houchen-Wolloff, Linzy, Varachia, Husein, Wood, Richard, Gray, Glaxy, Nichols, Jessica, Panes, Alice, Partridge, Susan, Rogerson, Lawrie, Sharma, Pankaj, Triggs, David, Venables, Ian, Wilcock, Danielle, Buckley, Sarah, Darian, Thelma, Denis, Elizabeth, Duncan, Jo, Hirst, Charlotte, Newman, James, Richardson, Fern, Smith, Jon, Adcode, Megan, Cottingham, Megan, Foster, Eliza, Kelly, Andrew, McKay, Niamh, Rewbury, Jane, Whitcher, Alison, Williams, James, Zebracki, Esther, Davies, Llinos, Jayachandran, Jayadeep, Tardivel, Alison, Whitehead, Victoria, Batting, Martha, Bond, Amy, Deakin, Marc, Dodd, Christopher, Hudak, Alison, Hynes, Samantha, Jones, Luke, Lang, Gail, McKenna, David, Morris, Susan, Scott-Dempster, Clare, Sykes, Adam, Vichos, Iason, Wood, Simon, Clifton, Rupert, Diaz, Stephanie, Hendy, Craig, Modi, Nishil, O'Mahony, Brendan, O'Sullivan, Susan, Parker, Nicola, Pecheva, Mira, Rumonovic, Rowan, McLoughlin, Emma, Rushbrook, Jeremy, Thornhill, Anna, Parkinson, Valerie, Sales, Rafael, Van De Snepscheut-Jones, Katja, Wilcock, David, Wright, Daniel, Allison, Joanna, Baker, Simon, Beesley, Kate, Ferrari, Gill, Lankester, Benedict, Lewis, Alison, Lyons, Joanne, O'Callaghan, Jamie, Sutcliffe, Sarah, Wood, Dianne, Bannister, Emily, Brown, Chloe, Burden, Debbie, Campbell, Terence, Craig, Emma, Easow, Rashmi, Foxton, Julie, Hazlerigg, Alexandra, Jayabev, Chethan, Murdoch, Rosie, Parsons, Georgie, Brown, Harry, Carvelli, Paula, Montaser, Rugaia, Pepper, Ali, Sivarajan, Sinduja, Templeton-Ward, Oliver, Wilson, Eva, Cronin, Julie, Diment, Sarah, King, Victoria, Shean, Katharine, Vachtsevanos, Leonidas, Wilcocks, Katharine, Wilson, Ben, McNestry, Paul, Ollerenshaw, Joanna, Stoddard, James, Sutton, Paul, Anand, Sanjay, Bell, Judith, Chikate, Albert, Daniel, Diane, Davies, Timothy, Finnigan, Tom, Frasquet-Garcia, Antonio, Hopkins, Susan, Kerrison, Sharon, McGowan, Angela, Sands Johnson, David, Smith, Lara, Turner, Philip, Wilkinson, Helen, Allsop, Lynne, Anthony, Deborah, Boulton, Rebecca, Brown, Sarah, Desai, Vikram, Gill, Mandy, Heeley, Cheryl, Kulkarni, Sushrut, Lovegrove, Wayne, Nash, Dominic, Ann Sewell, Terri, Shelton, Sarah, Slack, Katie, Cartwright, James, Connor, Lynda, Davies, Andrew, Davies, Caroline, Gainard, Glyn, Graham-Woollard, Dave, Murphy, Carl, Quinn, Leanne, Thomas, Caradog, Travers, Jenny, Williams, Marie, Bell, Amanda, Deo, Sunny, Francis, Katharine, Jackson, Tracy, McCafferty, Laura, Navadgi, Basalingappa, Plank, Karan, Satish, Venkat, Thelwall, Claire, Knight, Rachel, Patel, Rahul, Paton, Bruce, Acharya, Ashutosh, Aland, Utuman, Areirobulos, Miltiades, de Feyter, Pascal, Ditchfield, Lisa, Iqbaz, Hafiz, Massey, Daniel, Stables, Gareth, Appleby, Sarah, Brown, Michael, Cable, Sarah, Damen, Alexander, Da Rocha, Joana, Foster, Louise, Hamilton, Elizabeth, Hatton, Catriona, Honeywell, Cassie, Kulkarni, Kunal, Markham, Lucy, Mohammed, Haadiya, O'Grady, John, Joshi, Yogesh, Mclintock, Heather, Morgan, Tania, Stockport, Jane, Agrawal, Pranshu, Armstrong, Jo, Briggs, Shannon, Coupe, Ben, Evans, Anne, Gilbert, Rob, Latham, Sandra, Mohammed, Aslam, Beard, David J, Davies, Loretta, Cook, Jonathan A, Stokes, Jamie, Leal, Jose, Fletcher, Heidi, Abram, Simon, Chegwin, Katie, Greshon, Akiko, Jackson, William, Bottomley, Nicholas, Dodd, Matt, Bourke, Henry, Shirkey, Beverly A, Paez, Arsenio, Lamb, Sarah E, Barker, Karen, Phillips, Michael, Brown, Mark, Lythe, Vanessa, Mirza, Burhan, Carr, Andrew, Monk, Paul, Morgado Areia, Carlos, O'Leary, Sean, Haddad, Fares, Wilson, Chris, and Price, Andrew

Published
2022
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46. Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK

Author

Abouyannis, Mike, Al-Balushi, Asma, Aston, Stephen, Ball, Robert, Beeching, Nicholas J, Blanchard, Thomas J, Carlin, Ffion, Davies, Geraint, Gillespie, Angela, Hicks, Scott R, Hoyle, Marie-Claire, Ilozue, Chinenye, Mair, Luke, Marshall, Suzanne, Neary, Anne, Nsutebu, Emmanuel, Parker, Samantha, Ryan, Hannah, Turtle, Lance, Smith, Chris, van Aartsen, Jon, Walker, Naomi F, Woolley, Stephen, Chawla, Anu, Hart, Ian, Smielewska, Anna, Joekes, Elizabeth, Benson, Cathryn, Brindley, Cheryl, Das, Urmi, Eyton-Chong, Chin K, Gnanalingham, Claire, Halfhide, Clare, Larru, Beatriz, Mayell, Sarah, McBride, Joanna, Oliver, Claire, Paul, Princy, Riordan, Andrew, Sridhar, Lekha, Storey, Megan, Abdul, Audrey, Abrahamsen, Jennifer, Athan, Breda, Bhagani, Sanjay, Brown, Colin S, Carpenter, Oliver, Cropley, Ian, Frost, Kerrie, Hopkins, Susan, Joyce, Jessica, Lamb, Lucy, Lyons, Adrian, Mahungu, Tabitha, Mepham, Stephen, Mukwaira, Edina, Rodger, Alison, Taylor, Caroline, Warren, Simon, Williams, Alan, Levitt, Debbie, Allen, Denise, Dixon, Jill, Evans, Adam, McNicholas, Pauline, Payne, Brendan, Price, D Ashley, Schwab, Uli, Sykes, Allison, Taha, Yusri, Ward, Margaret, Emonts, Marieke, Owens, Stephen, Botgros, Alina, Douthwaite, Sam T, Goodman, Anna, Luintel, Akish, MacMahon, Eithne, Nebbia, Gaia, O'Hara, Geraldine, Parsons, Joseph, Sen, Ashwin, Stevenson, Daniel, Sullivan, Tadgh, Taj, Usman, van Nipsen tot Pannerden, Claire, Winslow, Helen, Zatyka, Ewa, Alozie-Otuka, Ekene, Beviz, Csaba, Ceesay, Yusupha, Gargee, Latchmin, Kabia, Morloh, Mitchell, Hannah, Perkins, Shona, Sasson, Mingaile, Sehmbey, Kamal, Tabios, Federico, Wigglesworth, Neil, Aarons, Emma J, Brooks, Tim, Dryden, Matthew, Furneaux, Jenna, Gibney, Barry, Small, Jennifer, Truelove, Elizabeth, Warrell, Clare E, Firth, Richard, Hobson, Gemma, Johnson, Christopher, Dewynter, Alison, Nixon, Sebastian, Spence, Oliver, Bugert, Joachim J, Hruby, Dennis E, Adler, Hugh, Gould, Susan, Hine, Paul, Snell, Luke B, Wong, Waison, Houlihan, Catherine F, Osborne, Jane C, Rampling, Tommy, Beadsworth, Mike BJ, Duncan, Christopher JA, Dunning, Jake, Fletcher, Tom E, Hunter, Ewan R, Jacobs, Michael, Khoo, Saye H, Newsholme, William, Porter, David, Porter, Robert J, Ratcliffe, Libuše, Schmid, Matthias L, Semple, Malcolm G, Tunbridge, Anne J, Wingfield, Tom, and Price, Nicholas M

Published
2022
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47. Detecting changes in population trends in infection surveillance using community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence as an exemplar.

Author

Pritchard, Emma, Vihta, Karina-Doris, Eyre, David W, Hopkins, Susan, Peto, Tim E A, Matthews, Philippa C, Stoesser, Nicole, Studley, Ruth, Rourke, Emma, Diamond, Ian, Pouwels, Koen B, Walker, Ann Sarah, and Team, COVID-19 Infection Survey

Subjects
PUBLIC health surveillance, COMMUNITY health services, COMMUNICABLE diseases, RESEARCH funding, QUESTIONNAIRES, PROBABILITY theory, COVID-19 testing, POLYMERASE chain reaction, DISEASE prevalence, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, LONGITUDINAL method, EPIDEMICS, INFECTIOUS disease transmission, PUBLIC health, COMPARATIVE studies, COVID-19
Abstract

Detecting and quantifying changes in the growth rates of infectious diseases is vital to informing public health strategy and can inform policymakers' rationale for implementing or continuing interventions aimed at reducing their impact. Substantial changes in SARS-CoV-2 prevalence with the emergence of variants have provided an opportunity to investigate different methods for doing this. We collected polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results from all participants in the United Kingdom's COVID-19 Infection Survey between August 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022. Change points for growth rates were identified using iterative sequential regression (ISR) and second derivatives of generalized additive models (GAMs). Consistency between methods and timeliness of detection were compared. Of 8 799 079 study visits, 147 278 (1.7%) were PCR-positive. Change points associated with the emergence of major variants were estimated to occur a median of 4 days earlier (IQR, 0-8) when using GAMs versus ISR. When estimating recent change points using successive data periods, 4 change points (4/96) identified by GAMs were not found when adding later data or by ISR. Change points were detected 3-5 weeks after they occurred under both methods but could be detected earlier within specific subgroups. Change points in growth rates of SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in near real time using ISR and second derivatives of GAMs. To increase certainty about changes in epidemic trajectories, both methods could be used in parallel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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48. A retrospective propensity-score-matched cohort study of the impact of procalcitonin testing on antibiotic use in hospitalized patients during the first wave of COVID-19.

Author

Sandoe, Jonathan A T, Grozeva, Detelina, Albur, Mahableshwar, Bond, Stuart E, Brookes-Howell, Lucy, Dark, Paul, Euden, Joanne, Hamilton, Ryan, Hellyer, Thomas P, Henley, Josie, Hopkins, Susan, Howard, Philip, Howdon, Daniel, Knox-Macaulay, Chikezie, Llewelyn, Martin J, Maboshe, Wakunyambo, McCullagh, Iain J, Ogden, Margaret, Parsons, Helena K, and Partridge, David G

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19, BACTERIAL diseases, INTENSIVE care units, DRUG prescribing
Abstract

Background Procalcitonin (PCT) is a blood marker used to help diagnose bacterial infections and guide antibiotic treatment. PCT testing was widely used/adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Objectives Primary: to measure the difference in length of early (during first 7 days) antibiotic prescribing between patients with COVID-19 who did/did not have baseline PCT testing during the first wave of the pandemic. Secondary: to measure differences in length of hospital/ICU stay, mortality, total days of antibiotic prescribing and resistant bacterial infections between these groups. Methods Multi-centre, retrospective, observational, cohort study using patient-level clinical data from acute hospital Trusts/Health Boards in England/Wales. Inclusion: patients ≥16 years, admitted to participating Trusts/Health Boards and with a confirmed positive COVID-19 test between 1 February 2020 and 30 June 2020. Results Data from 5960 patients were analysed: 1548 (26.0%) had a baseline PCT test and 4412 (74.0%) did not. Using propensity-score matching, baseline PCT testing was associated with an average reduction in early antibiotic prescribing of 0.43 days [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22–0.64 days, P  < 0.001) and of 0.72 days (95% CI: 0.06–1.38 days, P  = 0.03] in total antibiotic prescribing. Baseline PCT testing was not associated with increased mortality or hospital/ICU length of stay or with the rate of antimicrobial-resistant secondary bacterial infections. Conclusions Baseline PCT testing appears to have been an effective antimicrobial stewardship tool early in the pandemic: it reduced antibiotic prescribing without evidence of harm. Our study highlights the need for embedded, rapid evaluations of infection diagnostics in the National Health Service so that even in challenging circumstances, introduction into clinical practice is supported by evidence for clinical utility. Study registration number ISRCTN66682918. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Exploring the identities of pathways educators through the lens of Third Space Theory.

Author

Balloo, Kieran, Ramos, Fabiane, Crank, Russell, Crane, Daniel, Hopkins, Susan, McGovern, Mary, Parkes, Frey, Penno, Julie, Singh, Niharika, Todd, Nicholas, Wilson, Victoria, Windsor, Angela, and Worsley, Sue

Subjects
POSTSECONDARY education, CONCEPT mapping, PERCEIVED benefit, PROFESSIONAL identity, TRANSITIONAL programs (Education)
Abstract

Pathways educators, who teach into university-based tertiary preparation programmes, contribute to a unique space within widening participation. Conceptualisations of pathways educators' identities would benefit from further theorisation to understand the challenges and possibilities of this role, so this was the focus of the current study. Ten pathways educators on academic contracts at a regional Australian university co-constructed concept maps and wrote reflections about what it means to be a pathways educator. These maps and reflections were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify patterns, which were then examined through a Third Space Theory lens. The findings highlighted a strong sense of pathways educators dwelling at the margins of academia, in liminal or in-between locations that are complex, nuanced, hard to define and often perceived as lower in status when compared to 'traditional' academic spaces. However, the analysis also suggested that finding a home in these fluid, unbounded, spaces might present opportunities for authentic and self-fulfilling work in the ambiguity. While institutional constraints and power imbalances are acknowledged, we also highlight potential implications for pathways educators, and other individuals in academic roles that occupy the margins, through a strength-based lens where agency is not lost but may thrive in unexpected ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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