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13 results on '"Hooper, B. M."'

7. Formaldehyde in Australian homes; levels and sources

Author

Garrett, M. H., Hooper, M. A., and Hooper, B. M.

Abstract

Indoor exposure to formaldehyde has been associated with respiratorysymptoms in children. Formaldehyde was therefore monitored as part of a larger indoor environmental study in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Australia. Passive samplers were used to measure levels inside and outside 80 houses on four occasions over one year. Only three samplesexceeded the guideline of 100 ppb, and the median level was 12.6 ppb, with a maximum of 109 ppb indoors. Outdoor levels were very low with a median of 0.6 ppb. Presence of fibreboard, particleboard flooring, a high indoor temperature, and houses <10 years old were associatedwith higher formaldehyde levels. An un-vented gas heater was associated with the highest recorded levels. In addition, an estimate of total formaldehyde emitting area in each sampled room was associated with levels, but a reliable prediction of indoor formaldehyde levels wasnot possible by available data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1997

10. Nitrogen dioxide in Australian homes: levels and sources.

Author

Garrett MH, Hooper MA, and Hooper BM

Subjects
Adolescent, Australia, Child, Humans, Seasons, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Nitrogen Dioxide analysis, Oxidants, Photochemical analysis
Abstract

Indoor nitrogen dioxide exposure has been associated with respiratory symptoms in children in many studies, but in Australia, levels and sources of nitrogen dioxide in homes have not been well-characterized. Therefore, as part of a larger indoor environmental study, conducted in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, nitrogen dioxide was monitored using passive samplers in 80 homes. Samples were collected on five occasions over one year. Mean indoor levels were higher than outdoor levels, and a seasonal variation was evident, with highest levels recorded in winter. The overall median level was 11.6 micrograms/m3 (6.0 ppb), ranging from < 0.7 to 246 micrograms/m3 (128 ppb). Major indoor nitrogen dioxide sources were: gas stoves, vented gas heaters, and smoking. Some 67% of variation in indoor nitrogen dioxide levels could be explained by presence of major sources, house age, and outdoor levels. Gas stoves were the main contributors.

Published
1999
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11. Respiratory symptoms in children and indoor exposure to nitrogen dioxide and gas stoves.

Author

Garrett MH, Hooper MA, Hooper BM, and Abramson MJ

Subjects
Adolescent, Asthma etiology, Child, Confidence Intervals, Cough etiology, Dyspnea etiology, Female, Housing, Humans, Hypersensitivity etiology, Male, Odds Ratio, Parents, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate physiology, Respiratory Sounds etiology, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Skin Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Air Pollutants adverse effects, Air Pollution, Indoor adverse effects, Fossil Fuels adverse effects, Household Articles, Nitrogen Dioxide adverse effects, Oxidants, Photochemical adverse effects, Respiration Disorders etiology
Abstract

Nitrogen dioxide levels were measured in 80 homes in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Australia, using passive samplers. Some 148 children between 7 and 14 yr of age were recruited as study participants, 53 of whom had asthma. Health outcomes for the children were studied using a respiratory questionnaire, skin prick tests, and peak flow measurements. Nitrogen dioxide concentrations were low, with an indoor median of 11.6 microgram/m3 (6.0 ppb), and a maximum of 246 microgram/m3 (128 ppb). Respiratory symptoms were more common in children exposed to a gas stove (odds ratio 2.3 [95% CI 1. 0-5.2], adjusted for parental allergy, parental asthma, and sex). Nitrogen dioxide exposure was a marginal risk factor for respiratory symptoms, with a dose-response association present (p = 0.09). Gas stove exposure was a significant risk factor for respiratory symptoms even after adjusting for nitrogen dioxide levels (odds ratio 2.2 [1.0-4.8]), suggesting an additional risk apart from the average nitrogen dioxide exposure associated with gas stove use. Atopic children tended to have a greater risk of respiratory symptoms compared with nonatopic children with exposure to gas stoves or nitrogen dioxide, but the difference was not significant.

Published
1998
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12. Association of autoantibodies with smoking, cardiovascular morbidity, and death in the Busselton population.

Author

Mathews JD, Whittingham S, Hooper BM, Mackay IR, and Stenhouse NS

Subjects
Adult, Age Factors, Antibodies, Antinuclear analysis, Australia, Autoimmune Diseases etiology, Blood Pressure Determination, Cardiovascular Diseases mortality, Cerebrovascular Disorders immunology, Contraceptives, Oral, Dyspnea, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Immunoglobulin G analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle, Smooth immunology, Myocardial Infarction mortality, Population Surveillance, Rheumatoid Factor analysis, Sex Factors, Stomach immunology, Thyroid Gland immunology, Angina Pectoris immunology, Autoantibodies analysis, Cardiovascular Diseases immunology, Smoking
Published
1973
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