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Gingival overgrowth is a complication of cyclosporine therapy following organ transplantation. Oral azithromycin is frequently used to treat this complication. This study examined the efficacy of local azithromycin, in the form of toothpaste, against cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth.Twenty stable renal transplanted patients (10 men and 10 women) with gingival hyperplasia were randomly assigned to a test group and a control group. Azithromycincontaining toothpaste had 85 mg azithromycin per gram of toothpaste. Both toothpastes were prescribed b.i.d., each time using 1.5 cm, for 1 month. All participants received scaling, root planing, polishing, and oral hygiene instructions, at least 4 weeks prior to initiation of the study. Gingival overgrowth index, bleeding on probing, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and serum cyclosporine levels were measured at baseline, and then again in the second and fourth weeks after tooth brushing. Patient satisfaction with the toothpastes was evaluated by a visual analogue scale. The stability of clinical responses was followed for 3 months after cessation of the toothpastes.Gingival overgrowth index decreased significantly in the azithromycin-containing toothpaste group (from 1.1+/-0.56 to 0.51+/-0.47, P.001); however, in the control group, this decrease was not significant (P=.22). Bleeding on probing also decreased significantly in patients in the azithromycin-containing toothpaste group compared with controls (P=.001). When compared with baseline levels, trough levels of cyclosporine, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine did not change in either of the groups. Patients in the control group were more satisfied with the toothpaste than were patients in the test group (53 vs 38).Azithromycin-containing toothpaste is an effective, simple, and noninvasive treatment for cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth. more...