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Wheat fields under an array of agronomic practices were studied during harvest across southern and eastern Ontario. Mature wheat grain samples were harvested by hand and analyzed for deoxynivalenol (DON). DON levels from wheat grain samples harvested by hand were likely more representative of levels in the field than samples that are typically harvested by machine. The amount of variation in DON levels associated with year and agronomic effects were calculated from simple linear models. As expected, the largest factor associated with variation in DON levels was the year. Year effects accounted for 48% of the variation in DON levels across all fields during 4 years of the survey, followed by cultivar (27%), and the crop 1 year previous to wheat (14-28% depending on the year). No effect on DON could be detected from other agronomic factors including tillage system, crops planted 3 years before wheat, or type of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the spring.

Animal and human test data used to assess delayed contact hypersensitivity potential before household products are sold, and the marketplace experience with these products, were reviewed. The premarket tests include initial animal screening by the modified Buehler method and clinical testing with human volunteers. The data show that the modified Buehler test is a useful, conservative method for screening product ingredients for sensitization potential before human exposure. However, the animal test used alone would exclude from use many materials that do not represent a practical human sensitization risk. The human repeat insult patch test (HRIPT) is a good predictor of sensitization potential. When coupled with product use testing in sensitive individuals, the HRIPT test provides the most reliable information for assessing dermal sensitization risks to consumers.This review covered a 5 year period and included a variety of household products that come in contact with the skin. The products are major brands sold throughout the United States and product types include those designed for laundry care, dish care, hard surface cleaning, personal cleansing, hair care, deodorant protection, and skin care. The consumers represent a broad population exposure base reflecting a diverse ethnic, demographic, and genetic predisposition for contact allergy. Marketplace problems were monitored by a toll-free telephone number on each product's label. Each consumer contact was provided an appropriate follow-up plan to address their concern.The absence of product-related sensitization problems in the marketplace supports the reliability of predictive testing for consumer products.

Accidental consumer eye exposures to household products provide useful data for determining whether animal tests adequately predict human response. Reports of accidental consumer exposures from mid-1983 through 1984 were compared to two animal methods and to the results of a similar analysis for the period 1979-1980. The new comparison confirmed the earlier analysis in showing that the low-volume rabbit eye test is more predictive of human eye response than the Federal Health and Safety Administration (modified Draize) test. Furthermore, the data show that rigorous follow-up after consumer accidents can provide useful information for assessing the validity of animal studies used to estimate human safety. Finally, because the low-volume method correlates better with human eye effects than the Draize method does for household products, it is the method that should be used to validate any new in vitro eye testing procedures. In fact, any laboratory test developed to assess a health or safety effect must be validated for its ability to predict this effect in humans.

The auscultatory method for the determination of arterial blood-pressure in man, described by Korotkoff in 1905,1 has called forth numerous papers particularly from those making a clinical application of the method. There appears to be unanimity of opinion that the systolic pressure is established with the onset of the brachial sound during the fall of proximal constricting pressure, but the point of diastolic pressure, originally established by Korotkoff as coincident with the disappearance of all sound, has been variously interpreted.In a recent paper by Taussig and Cook,2 the literature is fully presented. These authors establish the diastolic pressure at the fourth phase in the production of the sound ; that is, at the point at which, during the fall of constricting pressure, the sound changes from sharp to dull, a change which is generally recognized to occur in normal subjects just before the cessation of sound.

Following Richard Bright's observation, in 1827, of the direct association of albuminuria with pathological changes in the kidneys, the medical profession showed a natural tendency to regard the presence of albumin in the urine as a positive sign of nephritis. It was not long after Bright's discovery, however, that cases began to appear in which examination of the urine showed albumin to be present without any evidences of ill health in the patient and without the fatal outcome commonly associated with nephritis. Such observations have steadily increased in number, so that for some time past there has been an increasing tendency toward the belief that albumin in the urine is not necessarily an indication of serious pathological change in the kidney.This tendency to regard the presence of albumin as of not very serious moment has led to the adoption of numerous terms to define the

There was published in the Proceedings of this Society in June of last year1a statement of the results of clinical and experimental observations upon the influence of the salivary glands on the secretion of normal gastric juice. It was stated that in four cases of Mikulicz's disease, uncomplicated, no gastric juice was secreted during the disease. The experimentally analogous condition brought about by removal of all the salivary glands in dogs also gave the same result, namely, a permanent stoppage of the normal gastric secretion. It was stated that when food, insalivated by other healthy dogs, was given to such animals no flow of gastric juice followed. If, however, extracts made of salivary glands from normal dogs, were injected, either intravenously or intraperitoneally, a temporary resumption of gastric secretion occurred after, as well as before, section of all extrinsic nerves to the stomach. The author, as the result of these observations, concluded that the normal gastric secretion depends in part upon an internal secretion of the salivary glands.In view of the importance both of the results and of the conclusions presented in this communication, any attempt at confirmation of them would seem worthy of brief notice, An opportunity to make this attempt was given us through the kindness of Dr. Cushing who furnished us with two dogs with simple gastric fistulæ.It was therefore decided to make a few experiments with the idea of testing directly whether or not extracts of the salivary glands are capable of stimulating a flow of gastric juice, If Hem-meter's main contention be correct, it would be supposed that the gastric hormon obtained by extracting the salivary glands should produce a decided effect upon the secretion of gastric juice, when introduced directly into the blood of a living animal, It is to be noted that in our experiments extracts were made only of the submaxillary gland, and that these extracts were injected intravenously only into normal animals, not into animals with the salivary glands removed.