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Abstract This study was designed based on a cross-sectional investigation conducted Shanghai, China. Demographic characteristics, diaper utilization, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and emotion were collected by Unified Needs Assessment Form for Elderly Care Questionnaire. Cognition function was assessed by Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scale. Multivariate logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. The diaper utilization rate was 31.2%. Female, higher level of education, poorer ADL and cognition, more severe incontinence and financial dependence on others were facilitating factors for diaper usage (P

Objective: To explore the rate and effect factors of hearing aids utilization in Chinese community elderly people, as well as the benefit role of hearing aids in the association of hearing loss and cognition decline. Methods: This study was designed based on a longitudinal 7-years follow-up conducted in Shanghai (China). Demographic characteristics, hearing level, hearing aids utilization and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) of participants were collected by Unified Needs Assessment Form for Elderly Care Questionnaire. Cognition function was assessed by Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scale. Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: Hearing aids utilization rate in Chinese community elderly people is below 10 %. Participants with older age (≥80 years old), higher education (7–12 years and >12 years), who can manage money more independently were more likely to use hearing aids (P

Understanding of the buffer scale effect on water quality changes analysis in arid and humid regions is of great significance for exploring the best scale for water quality pollution and scientific planning of land use. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal buffer scales (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 m) of land use that affect ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) in the Jing-Bortala River Watershed (JBRW) (arid region) and the Liyang Region (LR) (humid region) under a site buffer. PLS-SEM was used to fit the pathway relationships between the influencing factors and water quality to investigate the driving factors of NH3-N and TP in different seasons. The results showed that: (1) seasonal fluctuations in NH3-N and TP concentrations were found in both the arid and humid regions, with the arid region having higher values than humid region; the coefficient of variation (CV) of NH3-N and TP was higher in arid and humid region, and the CV of NH3-N and TP were higher in spring and autumn in arid region than that in spring and autumn in humid region; (2) the 2500 m (0.262 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.633) buffer is the optimal scale for studying NH3-N and TP in arid region, whereas the 2000 m (0.262 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.686) scale works well in humid region; and (3) farmland (NDVI) was the largest influencing factor for NH3-N and TP changes in arid region, accounting for 28.95 % of the average percent total impacts. Furthermore, water area (NDWI) was the predominant influencing factor in humid region, occupying 33.93 % of the average percent total impacts. The influence of land use type (indices) on surface water quality is greater than that of environmental factors. Thus, these new insights into an appropriate buffer scale can be used as a guide for water pollution management in arid and humid environments.

Abstract Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), an acquired autoimmune disease, is characterized by immune-mediated platelet destruction. A biomarker is a biological entity that contributes to disease pathogenesis and reflects disease activity. Metabolic alterations are reported to be associated with the occurrence of various diseases. As metabolic biomarkers for ITP have not been identified. This study aimed to identify metabolism-related differentially expressed genes as potential biomarkers for pathogenesis of ITP using bioinformatic analyses.The microarray expression data of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE112278 download link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE112278 ). Key module genes were intersected with metabolism-related genes to obtain the metabolism-related key candidate genes. The hub genes were screened based on the degree function in the coytoscape sofware. The key ITP-related genes were subjected to functional enrichment analysis. Immune infiltration analysis was performed using a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm to evaluate the differential infiltration levels of immune cell types between ITP patient and control. Molecular subtypes were identified based on the expression of hub genes. The expression of hub genes in the ITP patients was validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. This study identified five hub genes (ADH4, CYP7A1, CYP1A2, CYP8B1, and NR1H4), which were be associated with the pathogenesis of ITP, and two molecular subtypes of ITP. Among these hub genes, CYP7A1 and CYP8B1 involved in cholesterol metabolism,were further verified in clinical samples.

Abstract Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of FDA-approved isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors in the treatment of IDH-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods We used R software to conduct a meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials of IDH inhibitors in the treatment of IDH-mutated AML published in PubMed, Embase, Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to November 15th, 2022. Results A total of 1109 IDH-mutated AML patients from 10 articles (11 cohorts) were included in our meta-analysis. The CR rate, ORR rate, 2-year survival (OS) rate and 2-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of newly diagnosed IDH-mutated AML (715 patients) were 47%, 65%, 45% and 29%, respectively. The CR rate, ORR rate, 2-year OS rate, median OS and median EFS of relapsed or refractory (R/R) IDH-mutated AML (394 patients) were 21%, 40%, 15%, 8.21 months and 4.73 months, respectively. Gastrointestinal adverse events were the most frequently occurring all-grade adverse events and hematologic adverse events were the most frequently occurring ≥ grade 3 adverse events. Conclusion IDH inhibitor is a promising treatment for R/R AML patients with IDH mutations. For patients with newly diagnosed IDH-mutated AML, IDH inhibitors may not be optimal therapeutic agents due to low CR rates. The safety of IDH inhibitors is controllable, but physicians should always pay attention to and manage the differentiation syndrome adverse events caused by IDH inhibitors. The above conclusions need more large samples and high-quality RCTs in the future to verify.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a major vegetable crop cultivated worldwide. The regulation of tomato growth and fruit quality has long been a popular research topic. MYC2 is a key regulator of the interaction between jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and other signaling pathways, and MYC2 can integrate the interaction between JA signaling and other hormone signals to regulate plant growth and development. TOR signaling is also an essential regulator of plant growth and development. However, it is unclear whether MYC2 can integrate JA signaling and TOR signaling during growth and development in tomato. Here, MeJA treatment and SlMYC2 overexpression inhibited the growth and development of tomato seedlings and photosynthesis, but increased the sugar–acid ratio and the contents of lycopene, carotenoid, soluble sugar, total phenol and flavonoids, indicating that JA signaling inhibited the growth of tomato seedlings and altered fruit quality. When TOR signaling was inhibited by RAP, the JA content increased, and the growth and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings decreased, indicating that TOR signaling positively regulated the growth and development of tomato seedlings. Further yeast one-hybrid assays showed that SlMYC2 could bind directly to the SlTOR promoter. Based on GUS staining analysis, SlMYC2 regulated the transcription of SlTOR, indicating that SlMYC2 mediated the interaction between JA and TOR signaling by acting on the promoter of SlTOR. This study provides a new strategy and some theoretical basis for tomato breeding.

Introduction: Bone scaffold is expected to possess excellent mechanical and biological properties similar to natural bone tissues. In this study, we aimed to prepare a biomineralized Col and hydroxyapatite composite scaffold consisting of biomimetic bone components and multi-level bionic bone structure to strengthen its mechanical properties. Methods: We prepared a Col/nano-hydroxyapatite biological composite scaffold with multi-level structure (from nanofibers to micron bionic bone motif to bionc bone scaffold) of biomimetic bone tissue, and biomineralized the scaffold in simulated body fluid (SBF) preheated to 37 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscope, were used to characterize the biomineralized products. Results: Morphological study confirmed in situ deposition of nHA in the multi-scale hierarchical structure of the biomineralized scaffold. We explored the biomineralization nucleation mechanism of the scaffolds at the atomic level based on the first principles and the mechanisms for growth of mineralized nHA crystal array in its multi-scale structure, and how the double multiscales structure strengthened the mechanical properties of the material. Conclusions: This synthetic bone scaffold, with bionic bone composition and double multi-level interface reinforcement, provides a new strategy for synthesizing bioactive bone scaffolds with enhanced biomechanical properties.

The TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) could induce apoptosis of leukemic cells, while showed no cytotoxic effect on normal cells. One of the limitations for application of recombinant TRAIL (rhTRAIL) in leukemia treatment is that the serum half-life of this protein is short. Gene delivery is a good strategy to prolong the half-life of TRAIL. In this study, we genetically engineered umbilical cord-MSCs to continuously express and secrete soluble TRAIL (MSC-sTRAIL), to investigate the effects of MSC-sTRAIL on B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) cells. In vitro, MSC-sTRAIL significantly inhibited the proliferation of B-ALL cells by suppressing PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways, and induced apoptosis of B-ALL cells via the caspase cascade-mediated pathway and mitochondrial-mediated pathway. In vivo, MSC-sTRAIL dramatically inhibited B-ALL cell growth. Meanwhile, B-ALL-induced splenic and renal injuries were significantly alleviated after MSC-sTRAIL treatment. Moreover, the serum levels of MSC-secreted sTRAIL were still high in MSC-sTRAIL treated mice, indicating an extended half-life of sTRAIL. Our study suggests that MSC delivered-TRAIL secretion is a potential therapeutic strategy for B-ALL treatment.

Dementia has been increasingly paid attention by policymakers in China. However, the majority of the public has an indistinct concept of dementia and its diagnostic criteria. Therefore, many abnormal characteristics and actions of older people are labeled as having dementia while diagnosed without dementia. We examined a multi-stage cluster sample of 11,223 participants aged 60 years and above who have been clinically confirmed by general practitioners as not having dementia in 2013, and 7,861 participants were willing to participate the following study and were followed-up in 2014. To assess the differences of status of older people who were mistakenly labeled as having dementia or not, we asked main caregivers 'Do you think this older person suffers from dementia?', and found out that 244 participants had been mistakenly labeled as having dementia since 2013. Related effects were measured using international generic scales as well, and the results showed that participants with better physical status deteriorated more rapidly if they were mistakenly labeled as having dementia. Additionally, the mental health of these 244 participants also deteriorated more quickly. Older adults that were not labeled as having dementia were more willing to participate in social activities relative to their labeled counterparts. In conclusion, being mistakenly labeled as having dementia without a medical diagnosis impaired older adults' physical functioning and mental health. Moreover, the reduction of social activities of labeled older people leads to separation and social exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell malignancy with poor clinical outcome and undefined pathogenesis. Development of clinically relevant cellular models for MCL research is an urgent need. Our preliminary observations lead the development of two novel hypotheses that we tested in this study: 1. multicellular spheroid might be a unique growth mode of early-stage cells in MCL; 2. MCL might be a polyclonal tumor. We made the following original observations that have not been reported: First, we have provided a new experiment method for enriching MCL early-stage cells and characterized the spheroid mode of growth as a unique feature of early-stage MCL cells in cell line as well as in clinical samples. Second, we have established a clinically relevant cellular model of MCL, the JeKo-1-spheroid cell line, that was highly enriched in early-stage sub-clones. JeKo-1-spheroid cells and the spheroid growing cells enriched from MCL patients exhibited comparably enhanced tumorigenic abilities and similar biological features. Third, Immunophenotypic analysis has revealed that MCL may be derived from precursor-B(pre-B), immature-B and mature-B cells, not only the mature-B cells as WHO classified in 2016. Fourth, MCL may be a polyclonal disease composed of CD19–/IgM–, CD19–/IgM+, CD19+/IgM+ three sub-clones, of which the CD19–/IgM+ sub-clone might be the dominant sub-clone with the strongest tumorigenic ability. Fifth, CD19+/IgM– that differentiates MCL and normal B cells may represent a new marker for MCL early detection, minor residual disease monitoring after therapies and prognosis. Keywords: JeKo-1-spheroid, Mantle cell lymphoma, Pathology, Sub-clone, CD19