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Abstract Glioma is a common primary nervous system malignant tumor with poor overall cure rate and low survival rate, yet successful treatment still remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrated that amantadine (AMT) exhibits the powerful anti-glioma effect by promoting apoptosis and autophagy in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, amantadine induces a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in glioma cells, and then triggers apoptosis by destroying mitochondria. In addition, amantadine induces the initiation of autophagy and inhibits the fusion of autophagosome and lysosome, consequently performing an anti-glioma role. Taken together, our findings suggest that amantadine could be a promising anti-glioma drug that inhibits glioma cells by inducing apoptosis and autophagy, which may provide a novel potential treatment option for patients.

Spontaneous celiac artery dissection is uncommon. Abdominal pain is a common clinical presentation. Conservative medical treatments, endovascular interventions, and open surgery are used to treat spontaneous celiac artery dissection. A 49-year-old male patient visited our hospital, with back and subxiphoid pain that had persisted for 11 hours. He has been smoking 40 cigarettes a day for 20 years. The blood pressure was 180/100mmHg. Aortic computed tomography angiography (CTA) images revealed dissection of the celiac artery, common hepatic artery, left hepatic artery, right hepatic artery, and splenic artery. Urapidil hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate were administered to lower the blood pressure to approximately 110/70 mmHg. However, the back and subxiphoid pain persisted without relief. Angiography was performed and a vascular stent (BARD, LIFE STENT, VASCULAR, 8 × 60) was implanted into the celiac artery without involving the branches. Pain was immediately relieved after interventional therapy. The patient was discharged after 4 days. A subsequent aortic CTA after 10 months confirmed that the celiac artery dissection had still not reoccurred.

Aim: The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a new evaluation indicator for arteriosclerosis. This study investigated the relationship between the CAVI and lipid levels in patients with hypertension in a real clinical environment. Methods: This descriptive study enrolled 2,656 patients (male/female: 1,016/1,640) from the Outpatient Department of Vascular Medicine of Peking University Shougang Hospital and Jinding Street Community Health Service Center. CAVI was measured using a VaseraVS-1000 vascular screening system (Fukuda Denshi, Tokyo, Japan). Results: Age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, CAVI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), creatinine, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), uric acid (UA), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homocysteine, HbA1c, and triglyceride (TG) were significantly higher in the hypertension group than in the non-hypertension group. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly lower in the hypertension group than in the non-hypertension group. The CAVI value was significantly higher in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and normal LDL-C than in those with normal TG and hyper-LDL-C. Age, waist circumference, UA, FPG, HDL-C, hs-CRP, HbA1c, BMI, SBP, and DBP were independently associated with CAVI in all patients. Beta blockers were negatively correlated with CAVI (β = –0.411, P = 0.011). Sex (male) and history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were positively correlated with CAVI (β = 0.419, P < 0.001; β = 0.247, P = 0.011; β = 0.638, P < 0.001; respectively). Conclusions: The CAVI was significantly higher in patients with hypertension and exhibited differences based on sex. Although we did not find a significant correlation between CAVI and TG, it remains crucial to maintain blood pressure to prevent the development of arteriosclerosis.

Abstract Background Carotid artery dissection is an important cause of stroke. However, the predictors of ischemic stroke in patients with carotid artery dissection are controversial. The study aimed to analyze the predictors of ischemic stroke in patients with carotid artery dissection through retrospective medical records. Methods Data of discharged patients diagnosed with carotid artery dissection during 2019–2023 were retrospectively collected. Based on the occurrence of ischemic stroke, the patients were divided into the ischemic stroke or non-ischemic stroke groups. Based on the results of univariate analyses, variables with an associated P value

A pyridine–tricarboxylic acid, 4-(6-carboxy-pyridin-3-yl)-isophthalic acid (H3cpia), was used as a versatile building block to synthesize three novel coordination polymers under hydrothermal conditions and formulated as [Mn8(μ3-Hcpia)2 (μ6-cpia)4(Hbiim)2(H2O)6]n·6nH2O (1), [Cu3(μ4-cpia)2(bipy)2(H2O)2]n·4nH2O (2), and [Ni3(μ3-cpia)2(dpe)3(H2O)2]n·4nH2O (3). Three supporting ligands, 2,2′-biimidazole (H2biim), 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy), and 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane (dpe), were used in the synthesis. The structures of the studied products 1–3 varied significantly, ranging from a 1D chain (2) to 2D sheets (1 and 3). Furthermore, these compounds were evaluated as heterogeneous catalysts for the Henry reaction, achieving high product yields under optimized conditions. In addition, we investigated various reaction parameters and substrate scopes, and assessed the feasibility of catalyst recycling. This thorough investigation’s results highlight the versatility of H3cpia as a tricarboxylate building block in the formation of functional coordination polymers.

Abstract To effectively solve the reverse logistics distribution problem caused by the increasing number of scrapped parts in the automotive market, this study constructs a multi-trip green vehicle routing problem model with time windows by comprehensively considering the coordination between carbon dioxide emissions and cost efficiency. A hybrid adaptive genetic algorithm is proposed to solve this problem, featuring innovative improvements in the nearest neighbor rule based on minimum cost, adaptive strategies, bin packing algorithm based on the transfer-of-state equation, and large-scale neighborhood search. Additionally, to efficiently obtain location data for supplier factory sites in the distribution network, a coordinate extraction method based on image recognition technology is proposed. Finally, the scientific validity of this study is verified based on the actual case data, and the robust optimization ability of the algorithm is verified by numerical calculations of different examples. This research not only enriches the study of green vehicle routing problems but also provides valuable insights for the industry to achieve cost reduction, efficiency enhancement, and sustainable development in reverse logistics.

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer is among the most common malignant tumors affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Liver metastases, a complication present in approximately 50% of colorectal cancer patients, are a considerable concern. Recently, studies have revealed the crucial role of miR-455 in tumor pathogenesis. However, the effect of miR-455 on the progression of liver metastases in colorectal cancer remains controversial. As an antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein(BMP), Gremlin 1 (GREM1) may impact organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. Nevertheless, the role of miR-455 in regulating GREM1 in colorectal cancer liver metastases and how miR-455/GREM1 axis influences tumour immune microenvironment is unclear. Methods Bioinformatics analysis shows that miR-455/GREM1 axis plays crucial role in liver metastasis of intestinal cancer and predicts its possible mechanism. To investigate the impact of miR-455/GREM1 axis on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells, colony formation assay, wound healing and transwell assay were examined in vitro. The Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull-down assay confirmed a possible regulatory effect between miR-455 and GREM1. In vivo, colorectal cancer liver metastasis(CRLM) model mice was established to inquiry the effect of miR-455/GREM1 axis on tumor growth and macrophage polarization. The marker of macrophage polarization was tested using immunofluorescence(IF) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR). By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), cytokines were detected in culture medium supernatants. Results We found that miR-455 and BMP6 expression was increased and GREM1 expression was decreased in liver metastase compared with primary tumor. miR-455/GREM1 axis promotes colorectal cancer cells proliferation, migration, invasion via affected PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, downregulating GREM1 augmented BMP6 expression in MC38 cell lines, inducing M2 polarization of macrophages, and promoting liver metastasis growth in CRLM model mice. Conclusion These data suggest that miR-455/GREM1 axis promotes colorectal cancer progression and liver metastasis by affecting PI3K/AKT pathway and inducing M2 macrophage polarization. These results offer valuable insights and direction for future research and treatment of CRLM.

Study Design A retrospective cohort study. Purpose This study aimed to assess the reliability of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in measuring bone mineral density (BMD) of instrumented vertebrae and investigate the effect of less paraspinal muscle damage on BMD changes after lumbar interbody fusion. Overview of Literature Patients always experience a decrease in vertebral BMD after lumbar interbody fusion. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has analyzed the effect of paraspinal muscles on BMD changes. Methods This retrospective analysis included a total of 155 patients who underwent single-level lumbar fusion, with 81 patients in the traditional group and 74 patients in the Wiltse group (less paraspinal muscle damage). QCT was used to measure the volumetric BMD (vBMD), Hounsfield unit value, and cross-sectional area of the paraspinal muscles at the upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV), vertebrae one segment above the UIV (UIV+1), and the vertebrae one segment above the UIV+1 (UIV+2). Statistical analyses were performed. Results No significant differences in general data were observed between the two groups (p>0.05). Strong correlations were noted between the preoperative and 1-week postoperative vBMD of each segment (p0.05). Vertebral BMD loss was significantly higher in UIV+1 and UIV+2 in the traditional group than in the Wiltse group (−13.6%±19.1% vs. −4.2%±16.5%, −10.8%±20.3% vs. −0.9%±37.0%; p0.05). Conclusions QCT can reliably determine BMD in the instrumented spine after lumbar interbody fusion. With QCT, we found that reducing paraspinal muscle destruction through the Wiltse approach during surgery can help preserve the adjacent vertebral BMD; however, it does not help increase the BMD in the instrumented vertebrae.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of gender on postoperative pain, sleep quality, and recovery outcomes in patients undergoing VATS surgery under general anesthesia. Method: Perioperative peripheral blood inflammatory markers system inflammation Index (SII) was recorded for perioperative inflammatory response. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain level. And the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was evaluated on the night before surgery (sleep preop 1), the first night after surgery (sleep POD 1), and the third night after surgery (sleep POD 3) for postoperative sleep. Result: In this prospective cohort study, 79 males and 79 females were consecutively included. Females had significantly higher pain score (both rest and cough pain) compared to the males at 3 h after the surgery (3.85 ± 1.2 vs. 3.16 ± 1.1) (rest) (p

IntroductionIntercropping practices play a crucial role in enhancing and maintaining the biodiversity and resiliency of agroecosystems, as well as promoting stable and high crop yields. Yet the relationships between soil nitrogen, microbes, and yield in maize cultivated under maize/soybean intercropping systems remain unclear.MethodsTo fill that knowledge gap, here we collected maize rhizosphere soil at the staminate stage after 6 consecutive years of maize/soybean intercropping, to investigate how intercropping and nitrogen application rates affected nitrogen utilization by crops and soil microbial community composition and function. We also examined correlations of those responses with yields, to clarify the main ways that yield is enhanced via intercropping and by nitrogenous fertilizer gradient changes generated by different nitrogen application rates.ResultsThe amount of applied fertilizer was 240 kg N ha-1 was best for obtaining a high maize yield and also led to the greatest nitrogen-use efficiency and bacterial diversity. Under the same N application rate, intercropping increased the maize yield by 31.17% and soil nitrogen (total, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen) by 14.53%, on average, in comparison to monocropping. The enrichment of Gemmatimonas and Bradyrhizobium significantly increased the soil nitrogen content, and a greater relative abundance of Sphingomonas and Gemmatimonas increased the maize yield, whereas enrichment of Candidatus_Udaeobacter and Bradyrhizobium decreased it. The benefits of intercropping mainly arise from augmenting the abundance of beneficial microorganisms and enhancing the efficiency of N use by crop plants.DiscussionThis study’s findings are of key importance to bolster the stability of agro-ecosystems, to guide the scientific rational use of nitrogen fertilizers, and to provide a sound theoretical basis for achieving the optimal management of intensive crop-planting patterns and green sustainable development.

ABSTRACT: Improving immune function is an important indicator for establishing cold adaptation in broilers. In the study, to explore the effects and molecular mechanisms of intermittent and mild cold stimulation (IMCS) on the immune function of broilers, CIRP and TRPM8, induced by cold stimulation, as well as the NF-κB and MAPK pathways which play an important role in immune response, were selected to investigate. A total of 192 one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were selected and randomly divided into the control group (CC) and the cold stimulation group (CS). The broilers in CC were raised at normal feeding temperature from d 1 to 43, while the broilers in CS were subjected to cold stimulation from day 15 to 35, with a temperature 3 °C below that of the CC group for 5 h, at 1 d intervals. The results showed that IMCS had little effect on the broiler hearts, and the myocardial structure was not damaged. On d 22, IMCS significantly increased the mRNA levels of CIRP, TRPM8, P65, P38, COX-2, TNF-α, IFN- γ, IL-6, IL-10, and the protein levels of CIRP, P65, P38, IL-1β and iNOS in the hearts, and the levels of CIRP and all cytokines in the serum (P ≤ 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of IκB-α were significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05). On d 36, the mRNA levels of TRPM8, P65, ERK, and IL-10 in the hearts and the content of COX-2 in the serum in CS were increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), while the mRNA levels of IκB-α, P38, and IL-1β were decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05). On d 43, IMCS significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of TRPM8, IFN- γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and the protein levels of IκB-α, P38, and the levels of iNOS, TNF-α, IL6 and IL10 in the serum (P ≤ 0.05); whereas it significantly downregulated CIRP, JNK, P38, iNOS, TNF-α mRNA levels, and CIRP, P65, ERK, JNK, IL1β and iNOS protein levels (P ≤ 0.05). Therefore, IMCS can enhance broiler immune function through co-regulation of CIRP and TRPM8 on the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which facilitate the cold adaptation in broilers.

Abstract Background In the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (trem2) is widely considered to be a crucial molecule on tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs). Multiple studies have shown that trem2 may function as an immune checkpoint in various malignant tumors, mediating tumor immune evasion. However, its specific molecular mechanisms, especially in glioma, remain elusive. Methods Lentivirus was transfected to establish cells with stable knockdown of trem2. A Transwell system was used for segregated coculture of glioma cells and microglia. Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR), and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to measure the expression levels of target proteins. The proliferation, invasion, and migration of cells were detected by colony formation, cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) and transwell assays. The cell cycle, apoptosis rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of cells were assessed using flow cytometry assays. The comet assay and tube formation assay were used to detect DNA damage in glioma cells and angiogenesis activity, respectively. Gl261 cell lines and C57BL/6 mice were used to construct the glioma orthotopic transplantation tumor model. Results Trem2 was highly overexpressed in glioma TAMs. Knocking down trem2 in microglia suppressed the growth and angiogenesis activity of glioma cells in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, knockdown of trem2 in microglia promoted proinflammatory microglia and inhibited anti-inflammatory microglia by activating jak2/stat1 and inhibiting the NF-κB p50 signaling pathway. The proinflammatory microglia produced high concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and high levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and caused further DNA damage and promoted the apoptosis rate of tumor cells. Conclusions Our findings revealed that trem2 in microglia plays a significant role in the TIME of gliomas. Knockdown of trem2 in microglia might help to improve the efficiency of inhibiting glioma growth and delaying tumor progression and provide new ideas for further treatment of glioma.

Abstract We investigate the composite systems consisting of topological orders separated by gapped domain walls. We derive a pair of domain-wall Verlinde formulae, that elucidate the connection between the braiding of interdomain excitations labeled by pairs of anyons in different domains and quasiparticles in the gapped domain wall with their respective fusion rules. Through explicit non-Abelian examples, we showcase the calculation of such braiding and fusion, revealing that the fusion rules for interdomain excitations are generally fractional or irrational. By investigating the correspondence between composite systems and anyon condensation, we unveil the reason for designating these fusion rules as symmetry fractionalized (irrationalized) fusion rules. Our findings hold promise for applications across various fields, such as topological quantum computation, topological field theory, conformal field theory, and parton physics.

Abstract Due to a rapidly aging global population, osteoporosis and the associated risk of bone fractures have become a wide-spread public health problem. However, osteoporosis is very heterogeneous, and the existing standard diagnostic measure is not sufficient to accurately identify all patients at risk of osteoporotic fractures and to guide therapy. Here, we constructed the first prospective multi-omics atlas of the largest osteoporosis cohort to date (longitudinal data from 366 participants at three time points), and also implemented an explainable data-intensive analysis framework (DLSF: Deep Latent Space Fusion) for an omnigenic model based on a multi-modal approach that can capture the multi-modal molecular signatures (M3S) as explicit functional representations of hidden genotypes. Accordingly, through DLSF, we identified two subtypes of the osteoporosis population in Chinese individuals with corresponding molecular phenotypes, i.e., clinical intervention relevant subtypes (CISs), in which bone mineral density benefits response to calcium supplements in 2-year follow-up samples. Many snpGenes associated with these molecular phenotypes reveal diverse candidate biological mechanisms underlying osteoporosis, with xQTL preferences of osteoporosis and its subtypes indicating an omnigenic effect on different biological domains. Finally, these two subtypes were found to have different relevance to prior fracture and different fracture risk according to 4-year follow-up data. Thus, in clinical application, M3S could help us further develop improved diagnostic and treatment strategies for osteoporosis and identify a new composite index for fracture prediction, which were remarkably validated in an independent cohort (166 participants).

This study aims to develop simulation methods, performance evaluation methods, and optimization strategies for blood pumps. Computational fluid dynamics, in-vitro hemocompatibility experiments and clinical data were utilized to analyze 8 clinical blood pumps across approximately 150 conditions. Results indicated that using the transient RANS and LES models with over 20 million mesh cells improves predictions of hydraulic performance and haemocompatibility. Optimal haemolysis model coefficients were identified to align closely with experimental results. A method to assess thrombosis, bleeding, and stroke risks caused by blood pumps was developed and validated with clinical data. Single haemolysis indicators were found insufficient, highlighting the need for a multi-indicator method to evaluate haemocompatibility. An energy loss-based optimization strategy was proposed and applied to enhance the haemocompatibility of a blood pump. This study provides robust simulation, evaluation, and optimization methods applicable to blood pumps, facilitating their performance assessment and optimization.

ABSTRACTData on reinfection in large Asian populations are limited. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the reinfection rate, disease severity, and time interval between the infections in the symptomatic and asymptomatic populations which are firstl infected with BA.2 Omicron Variant. We retrospectively included adult patients with COVID-19 discharged from four designated hospitals between 27 April 2021 and 30 November 2022, who were interviewed via telephone from 29 January to 1 March 2023. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to explore risk factors associated with reinfection. A total of 16,558 patients were followed up, during the telephone survey of an average of 310.0 days, 1610 (9.72%) participants self-reported reinfection. The mean time range of reinfection was 257.9 days. The risks for reinfection were analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Patients with severe first infection were at higher risk for reinfection (aORs, 2.50; P

BackgroundDue to the absence of biomarkers, the misdiagnosis of essential tremor (ET) with other tremor diseases and enhanced physiologic tremor is very common in practice. Combined radiomics based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging (3D-T1) with machine learning (ML) give a most promising way to identify essential tremor (ET) at the individual level and further reveal the potential imaging biomarkers.MethodsRadiomics features were extracted from 3D-T1 and DTI in 103 ET patients and 103 age-and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). After data dimensionality reduction and feature selection, five classifiers, including the support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP), were adopted to discriminate ET from HCs. The mean values of the area under the curve (mAUC) and accuracy were used to assess the model’s performance. Furthermore, a correlation analysis was conducted between the most discriminative features and clinical tremor characteristics.ResultsAll classifiers achieved good classification performance (with mAUC at 0.987, 0.984, 0.984, 0.988 and 0.981 in the test set, respectively). The most powerful discriminative features mainly located in the cerebella-thalamo-cortical (CTC) and visual pathway. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that some radiomics features were significantly related to the clinical tremor characteristics in ET patients.ConclusionThese results demonstrated that combining radiomics with ML algorithms could not only achieve high classification accuracy for identifying ET but also help us to reveal the potential brain microstructure pathogenesis in ET patients.

IntroductionGoose astrovirus (GAstV) is a newly emerging pathogen that is currently widespread among geese, causing visceral gout and leading to substantial gosling mortalities, posing a severe threat to the waterfowl industry. GAstV II is the predominant epidemic strain, characterized by its high morbidity and mortality rate. Consequently, there is an urgent necessity to develop an effective diagnostic approach to control the dissemination of GAstV II, particularly in clinical farms with limited laboratory resources.MethodsIn this study, a novel multi-enzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) combined assay was developed. Different primers designed specific targeting a highly conserved region within the viral RdRp gene for the detection of GAstV II. Primers optimized and MIRA-LFD assay analyzed its performance regarding limits of detection, specificity, and efficiency of detection.ResultsThe developed MIRA amplification is conducted at a constant temperature and accomplished within 10 minutes. Subsequent naked-eye observation of the LFD strips merely takes 5 minutes. The established MIRA-LFD method exhibits high specificity, with no cross-reaction with other pathogens and attains a detection sensitivity of 1 copy/μl, which is consistent with the reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. Further evaluation with clinical samples indicates that the accuracy of this MIRA-LFD method correlates well with RT-qPCR for the detection of GAstV II. ConclusionIn summary, the convenience, sensitivity, and rapidity of this newly developed detection method offer a significant advantage for on-site diagnosis of GAstV II.

Despite the recent proliferation of scholarly investigations on servant leadership, clarity remains elusive regarding the specific mechanisms and conditions underpinning employee cognitive processes and their responses to servant leadership. Drawing upon social cognitive theory, proposes a moderated mediation model tested through a time-lagged field data from 489 employees in Study 1 and an experimental data in Study 2. We found that servant leadership indirectly enhances employee voice behavior through increased employee work reflection. Additionally, we considered employee proactive personality as a boundary condition for the positive effect of servant leadership. Our results show that servant leadership prompts employee work reflection only when the level of employee proactive personality is high, which in turn increases employee voice behavior. This study presents significant theoretical and practical implications through the integration of social cognitive theory with servant leadership research.

IntroductionBaloxavir Marboxil is a per oral small-molecule antiviral for the treatment of influenza. While the efficacy and safety of Baloxavir Marboxil have been thoroughly characterized across an extensive clinical trial, studies on the effectiveness of Baloxavir Marboxil in a real-world setting are still scarce.MethodsWe conducted an ambispective, observational, multi-center study that enrolled uncomplicated in-fluenza outpatients treated with Baloxavir Marboxil or Oseltamivir in East China. The primary endpoint was time from treatment to alleviation of all influenza symptoms (TTAIS). The secondary endpoints included time from treatment to alleviation of fever (TTAF) and household transmission during the duration of influenza.ResultsA total of 509 patients were enrolled. The median TTAIS in the Baloxavir Marboxil group and the Oseltamivir group was 28.0 h (IQR, 20.0 to 50.0) and 48.0 h (IQR, 30.0 to 67.0), respectively. The median TTAF in the Baloxavir Marboxil group and the Oseltamivir group was 18 h (IQR, 10.0–24.0) and 30.0 h (IQR, 19.0–48.0). In the COX multivariable analysis, Baloxavir Marboxil reduced the duration of influenza symptoms (HR = 1.36 [95%CI:1.12–1.64], p = 0.002) and the duration of fever (HR = 1.93 [95%CI:1.48–2.52], p

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare effectiveness of Dynesys and hybrid system in treating patients with multi-segmental lumbar degenerative disease (LDD). Methods: Patients involved in this retrospective study were divided into Dynesys (n = 22) and Hybrid (n = 13) groups. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Radiologic evaluations included X-ray, MRI, and CT. Furthermore, different complications were analyzed. Results: At the last follow-up, ODI and VAS of each group were improved (p < 0.05), and the range of motion (ROM) of operating segments decreased. However, Dynesys group preserved a larger extent of ROM at the final follow-up (p < 0.05). ROM of the upper adjacent segment was increased in both groups (p < 0.05), while the disc heights were decreased at the final follow-up (p < 0.05). Besides, Dynesys group had a more obvious decrease in the disc height of dynamic segments (p < 0.05). No significant difference existed in complications between both groups (p > 0. 05). Conclusion: In our study, similar satisfactory results were obtained in both groups. Both surgical procedures can be employed as effective treatments for middle-aged and physically active patients with multi-segmental LDD. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective Comparative Study.

Background: Several respiratory infections outbreaks have been observed in mainland China after reduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Other countries have seen increases in respiratory infections outside typical seasons post-COVID-19, warranting investigation into underlying causes. Methods: We established monitoring networks for suspected respiratory infection in 14 tertiary hospitals nationwide. PCR for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B were performed on 3708 respiratory specimens and deep sequencing were conducted to identify co-infections or newly emerging microbes in 2023. Viral evolutionary analysis was completed. We retrospectively detected serum antibody level for various respiratory pathogens from 4324 adults without respiratory infections over 7 years to observe its dynamic curves. Findings: SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A were the main pathogens during outbreaks in 2023, bacterial-virus and bacterial-bacterial co-infections were most detected, but community co-infections didn't significantly increase pneumonia incidence. Different SARS-CoV-2 and influenza variants were present in different outbreaks, and no novel pathogens were found. The epidemiological patterns of influenza A, COVID-19 and etc. were altered, exhibiting characteristics of being ''staggered'' compared to most global regions, and potentially led to ''overlapping prevalence''. Binding antibody testing showed regular fluctuation, without significant decrease against common respiratory pathogens in adults. Influenza A antibody stimulation was attenuated during the 2023 outbreak. Conclusions: ''Misaligned'' alteration in seasonal respiratory disease patterns possibly caused combined epidemics, leading to cases spike in China, 2023. In adults, antibody levels didn't show significant decline, but reduced immune response to influenza during 2020–2023 emphasizes the need for consistent vaccination during pandemics.

In order to study the changes of volatile flavor components of Sparassis latifolia during postharvest storage at 4 ℃ with polypropylene film packaging, and dried by hot air and vacuum freezing, headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used for detection and analysis. The results showed that a total of 30 volatile components were identified in the fresh S. latifolia, mainly consisting of 1-octene-3-alcohol, 3-octanol and trans-2-octene-1-alcohol. Compared to the fresh mushroom, the types of volatile flavor components in S.latifolia were increased during storage with polypropylene film packaging. The overall flavor components were similar in fresh mushrooms and mushrooms stored for 21 days, which mainly consisted of alcohols. While ketones and alcohols were the main flavor components of mushrooms stored from day 28 to day 49. Sixty-six volatile components were detected in mushroom dried by hot air and the relative content of 5-methyl-2-acetyl-furan was the highest (58.693%). Forty volatile components were detected in freeze-dried mushrooms, with relatively high relative contents of alcohols dominated by 3-octanol (41.567%) and ketones dominated by 3-octanone (45.723%), respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall flavor components between fresh mushrooms and hot air-dried mushrooms, while the overall flavor was relatively similar after freeze-dried. It can be seen that the polypropylene film packaging of fresh S. latifolia can maintain its original flavor well within 28 days of storage and freeze drying can better preserve the original flavor compared to hot air drying. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the flavor characteristics of S.latifolia and can effectively distinguish different storage periods based on the rules of changes in volatile components, providing a theoretical basis for the improvement preservation methods and comprehensive development and utilization.

The use of wireless sensors has expanded across various industries, highlighting the need for accurate positioning research. In irregular network environments, conventional distance vector jump algorithms result in poor localization performance. To solve this problem, an improved distance vector jump algorithm is proposed in this study. The algorithm introduces geometric constraint mechanism and optimized weighted DV-HOP localization algorithm. The proposed method applies an optimal weight function to determine the hop count from unknown nodes to anchor nodes and calculates the unknown node coordinates using the least squares method. Additionally, geometric constraint mechanisms are used to eliminate positioning errors caused by outliers. The experimental results demonstrate that the positioning error is 0.37% in C-type network environment, 0.38% in F-type network environment, 0.29% in L-type network environment and 0.30% in H-type network environment. These results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in reducing positioning errors, which can meet the accuracy requirements of practical applications in complex network environments.

COVID-19 is a major public health emergency, the Chinese government adopts pandemic prevention and control measures such as home quarantine in order to block the strong contagiousness of the virus. In order to solve the problem of distribution difficulties due to the limited transportation resources brought by the pandemic and to guarantee the demand of fresh agricultural products for the isolated residents, this study takes the emergency supply as the main objective, and designs three distribution modes, namely, single distribution center, multi-vehicle model based on the classification of temperature zones, and multi-distribution center for isolated communities of different sizes, with the objectives of minimizing the number of vehicles in use, minimizing the average response time, and minimizing the risk of viral infections. A multi-objective optimization model was constructed as the objectives. Then the genetic algorithm is improved by adding destruction operator, repair operator and greedy operation, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified through empirical research, and the advantages of the algorithm in convergence speed are compared and analyzed. Finally, different distribution methods are suggested for the number of communities of different sizes. This study can provide a scientific basis for government departments to formulate an optimized decision-making plan for the emergency supply and distribution of fresh agricultural products under public health emergencies.

Abstract Background Chimeric antigen receptor CAR-T cell therapies have ushered in a new era of treatment for specific blood cancers, offering unparalleled efficacy in cases of treatment resistance or relapse. However, the emergence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) as a side effect poses a challenge to the widespread application of CAR-T cell therapies. Melatonin, a natural hormone produced by the pineal gland known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been explored for its potential immunomodulatory effects. Despite this, its specific role in mitigating CAR-T cell-induced CRS remains poorly understood. Methods In this study, our aim was to investigate the potential of melatonin as an immunomodulatory agent in the context of CD19-targeting CAR-T cell therapy and its impact on associated side effects. Using a mouse model, we evaluated the effects of melatonin on CAR-T cell-induced CRS and overall survival. Additionally, we assessed whether melatonin administration had any detrimental effects on the antitumor efficacy and persistence of CD19 CAR-T cells. Results Our findings demonstrate that melatonin effectively mitigated the severity of CAR-T cell-induced CRS in the mouse model, leading to improved overall survival outcomes. Remarkably, melatonin administration did not compromise the antitumor effectiveness or persistence of CD19 CAR-T cells, indicating its compatibility with therapeutic goals. These results suggest melatonin's potential as an immunomodulatory compound to alleviate CRS without compromising the therapeutic benefits of CAR-T cell therapy. Conclusion The study's outcomes shed light on melatonin's promise as a valuable addition to the existing treatment protocols for CAR-T cell therapies. By attenuating CAR-T cell-induced CRS while preserving the therapeutic impact of CAR-T cells, melatonin offers a potential strategy for optimizing and refining the safety and efficacy profile of CAR-T cell therapy. This research contributes to the evolving understanding of how to harness immunomodulatory agents to enhance the clinical application of innovative cancer treatments.

Abstract Background Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a prevalent complication among stroke survivors. It not only directly impacts patients' cognitive abilities but also hampers their capacity to regain independence in daily activities, consequently diminishing their quality of life. Among the various cognitive deficits following stroke, impaired attention is the most frequently observed, influencing not only daily functioning but also higher cognitive functions like working memory, executive functioning, and language.Emerging evidence indicates that Baduanjin, a traditional Chinese exercise, may have a positive impact on enhancing attention in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and stroke survivors. However, the precise mechanisms behind this effect remain unclear. In this study, we employed Baduanjin training as an intervention to address attention decline in post-stroke cognitive impairment patients and to delve into the potential mechanisms through which Baduanjin training may enhance attention in individuals with PSCI. Methods In this prospective randomized controlled trial, we plan to recruit 72 participants diagnosed with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). These participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three groups: Baduanjin training(left hemisphere stroke and right hemisphere stroke) and conventional treatment.The conventional treatment group will receive standard rehabilitation sessions. In addition to conventional treatment, participants in the octogenarian training groups will undergo octogenarian training sessions lasting 40 min, five times a week, over a total period of 12 weeks.The primary outcome measures will include the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and the Attentional Lateralization Index. These assessments will be conducted by a trained evaluator before the start of the intervention and at weeks 6 and 12 after the intervention begins.Secondary outcome measures will be assessed using the baseline Mandarin version of the Oxford Cognitive Screening (OCS-P) scale, the simplified Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment (FMA) scale, the Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation (PRPS) scale, and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale before and after the intervention, respectively. Discussion This trial aims to examine the impact of Baduanjin training on attentional lateralization among patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Functional brain imaging utilizing near-infrared spectroscopy will be employed to investigate how Baduanjin exercise influences the structural and functional connectivity of distinct brain regions or brain networks. Trial registration Chictr.org.cn, ID: ChiCTR2300076533 . Registered on 11 October 2023.

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play crucial roles in response to aging processes. However, how lncRNAs regulate postharvest senescence of Sparassis latifolia (S. latifolia) with oriented polypropylene (OPP) film packing during cold storage remains unclear. In this study, we performed RNA-seq using the fruiting bodies of S. latifolia stored at 4 ℃ for 0, 8, 16 and 24 days after harvest, and profiled the lncRNA and mRNA transcriptome, respectively. In total, 1003 putative lncRNAs were identified, and there were 495, 483 and 162 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, and 3680, 3941 and 1870 differentially expressed mRNAs after 8, 16 and 24 days of storage, respectively, compared to 0 day of storage. Target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs were found to significantly associate with carbon and energy metabolism, response to abiotic stimulus, amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, and protein synthesis and transcription. In addition, DE-lncRNA-mRNA co-expression networks in response to aging stress were also constructed. Taken together, these results confirm the regulatory role of lncRNAs in postharvest senescence of S. latifolia and will facilitate for improving preservation method.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of activin A on the migration and adhesion of murine breast cancer 4T1 cells. MethodsThe viability of in vitro cultured 4T1 cells was studied using the 3- (4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2h-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Scratch assay was conducted to evaluate the wound healing capacity of 4T1 cells. The ability of adhesion of 4T1 cells was detected by real time cell analysis (RTCA). The microfluidic chip-based cell patterning was used to assay 4T1 cells migration. Results MTT assay results showed that the optical density (OD) values of culture medium of 4T1 cells of control group, treated with activin A of 1.25, 5, and 20 (ng/mL) for 24 hours were 0.47 ± 0.01, 0.53 ± 0.006, 0.63 ± 0.02, and 0.66 ± 0.02 and those treated for 48 hours were 0.63 ± 0.04, 0.68 ± 0.01, 0.75 ± 0.03, and 0.85 ± 0.03, respectively, indicating significantly increased viability of 4T1 cells treated with activin A of 5 and 20 ng/mL (P < 0.01 for all). Significantly difference was observed in percentage of migration area between 4T1 cells of control (18.3 ± 2.15%) and those treated with activin A (37.0 ± 1.44%) in scratch-wounded test (P < 0.01). The microfluidic observation showed that the number of migrated cells per vision field was 16 ± 3 for 4T1 cells treated with 20 ng/mL activin A for 12 hours, significantly higher than that (8 ± 2) of control cells in microfluidic chip-based cell patterning (P < 0.01). RTCA showed a significant difference in cell index between control 4T1 cells and the 4T1 cells treated with 20 ng/mL activin A for 8 hours (1.06 ± 0.12 vs. 1.43 ± 0.05, P < 0.01). ConclusionIn summary, activin A promotes not only viability, but also migration and adhesion of murine breast cancer 4T1 cells, which may play an important role in metastasis of breast cancer cells.

The lack of attention to nonviolence in education is highly problematic, and this article elaborates nonviolence as a new direction in a time of crisis. First, nonviolence is conceptualized as holding tensions to contest violence and cultivate nonviolent relations in the everyday praxis of education in both inner work and outer work in engaging social differences. Second, an aesthetics-based approach at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal levels is introduced to address violence and nonviolence in curriculum. Third, we conceptualize how embodied living and mindfulness are crucial components in understanding and practicing nonviolence. This article brings philosophical understanding, artistic attunement, and a meditative stance together to demonstrate what possibilities can be opened by embracing nonviolence in curriculum studies. Throughout the article, we argue that nonviolence not only opposes violence but is also a positive, integrative force that we should become attuned to in order to transform curriculum and education. In addition, we discuss three theoretical and practical implications of our work, as well as four domains for further research.

Diabetic wounds significantly affect patient quality of life. Microneedles are a promising treatment to accelerate wound healing owing to their high drug-loading capacity and efficient drug delivery; however, few studies to date have comprehensively reviewed microneedles for diabetic wound healing. This up-to-date review summarizes the research progress in microneedles for diabetic wound healing, including manufacturing materials and techniques, structures, designs, release mechanisms, delivery substances, and their specific effects. This study showed that most microneedles designed for diabetic wounds are made of synthetic polymers and/or natural materials using polydimethylsiloxane micromolding. The geometric structure and design directly influence penetration ability and drug delivery capacity. Microneedles can deliver antibiotics, hypoglycemic agents, traditional Chinese medicines, metal ions, growth factors, exosomes, stem cells, and microorganisms, thus promoting diabetic wound healing through diverse mechanisms, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and angiogenic activities, at different stages of the healing process. In conclusion, microneedles are promising drug delivery systems for the treatment of diabetic wounds.

Abstract Mounting attention has been focused on defects of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in sepsis, however, the precise mechanisms governing the autophagy-lysosomal process in sepsis are poorly known. We have previously reported that Erbin deficiency aggravated the inflammatory response and organ injuries caused by sepsis. In the present study, we found that Erbin knockout impaired the autophagy process in both muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and sepsis mouse liver and lung, as detected by the accumulation of LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62, and autophagosomes. Pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) further aggravated inflammatory response and organ injuries in vivo and in vitro sepsis model. We also observed that the impaired lysosomal function mediated autophagic blockade, as detected by the decreased expression of ATP6V, cathepsin B (CTSB) and LAMP2 protein. Immunoprecipitation revealed that the C-terminal of Erbin (aa 391–964) interacts with the N-terminal of transcription factor EB (TFEB) (aa 1–247), and affects the stability of TFEB-14-3-3 and TFEB-PPP3CB complexes and the phosphorylation status of TFEB, thereby promote the nucleus translocation of TFEB and the TFEB target genes transcription. Thus, our study suggested that Erbin alleviated sepsis-induced inflammatory responses and organ injuries by rescuing dysfunction of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway through TFEB-14-3-3 and TFEB-PPP3CB pathway.

Abstract Background The causal associations between psychiatric disorders and falls risk remains uncertain. Consequently, this study aimed to explore the causal relationship between genetically determined three common psychiatric disorders and the risk of falls based on Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods The genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for schizophrenia (SCZ) (N = 320,404), major depressive disorder (MDD) (N = 480,359), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (N = 63,926) were obtained as exposures. The GWAS data for falls risk (N = 451,179) was obtained as outcome. Univariate Mendelian randomization (UVMR) was used to evaluate the direct causal relationship between SCZ, MDD, AD, and risk of falls. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary analysis method. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the validity of the casualty. Multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis was conducted after adjusting body mass index and smoking initiation. Mediating MR was conducted to calculate the mediating effects of potential intermediaries. Results UVMR analysis showed that SCZ (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.04, p = 8.03E−03) and MDD (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08–1.22, p = 1.38E−05) were positively associated with the risk of falls. Sensitivity analysis results were reliable and robust. MVMR results indicated that the relationship between MDD and SCZ and falls risk remained significant. Mediating MR results demonstrated that smoking initiation mediated partial causal effect of SCZ (0.65%, P = 0.03) and MDD (14.82%, P = 2.02E−03) on risk of falls. Conclusions This study provides genetic evidence for a causal relationship of individuals with SCZ and MDD on an increased risk of falls. Healthcare providers should be aware of the risk of falls in MDD and SCZ patients and develop strategies accordingly.

Urban green spaces constitute a vital component of the ecosystem. This study focused on urban green spaces located within the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing, using Gaofen 7 (GF-7) as the primary data source for analysis. The main objective was to develop a system for extracting and classifying urban green spaces in Beijing by applying deep learning and machine learning algorithms, and further, the results were validated with ground survey samples. This study provides detailed extraction and classification of urban green space coverage by creating a comprehensive evaluation system. The primary findings indicate that the deep learning algorithm enhances the precision of green space information extraction by 10.68% compared to conventional machine learning techniques, effectively suppresses “pretzel noise”, and eventually aids in extracting green space information with complete edges. The thorough assessment of green spaces within the study area indicated favorable outcomes showing the high service capacity of park green spaces. The overall classification accuracy of the final extraction results was 94.31%. Nonetheless, challenges, such as unequal distribution of green zones and a significant fragmentation level throughout the study area, were still encountered. Consequently, the use of GF-7 high-resolution imagery, in conjunction with the collaborative application of deep learning and machine learning techniques, enabled the acquisition of highly accurate information regarding urban green zone coverage. According to the established grading standards of evaluation indices, the landscape pattern of urban green spaces within the study area was comprehensively assessed. This evaluation offers essential data support for monitoring urban green spaces and planning landscape patterns, thereby contributing to the achievement of sustainable development objectives related to urban greening and ecological conservation.

In this study, a kilowatt-level high-efficiency narrow-linewidth all-fiber Tm3+-doped continuous-wave laser operating at 1.95 μm is demonstrated. Benefitting from an advanced boost design of a two-stage main amplifier, it not only effectively manages heat dissipation resulting from the high pump-induced quantum defect but also realizes the controlled extraction of optical gain and improves the optical conversion efficiency. Finally, this laser system has realized an output power of 1018 W, a linewidth of 3.8 GHz, and a slope efficiency of 60.0% simultaneously. Moreover, a high optical signal-to-noise ratio of over 45 dB and excellent beam quality of M2 factors 1.19 are obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the narrowest linewidth and highest slope efficiency achieved in a kilowatt-level Tm³⁺-doped fiber laser. Such a high-performance laser is ideally suited for mid-infrared generation and remote sensing applications.

In order to improve the magnetocaloric properties of MnNiSi-based alloys, a new type of high-entropy magnetocaloric alloy was constructed. In this work, Mn0.6Ni1−xSi0.62Fe0.4CoxGe0.38 (x = 0.4, 0.45, and 0.5) are found to exhibit magnetostructural first-order phase transitions from high-temperature Ni2In-type phases to low-temperature TiNiSi-type phases so that the alloys can achieve giant magnetocaloric effects. We investigate why chexagonal/ahexagonal (chexa/ahexa) gradually increases upon Co substitution, while phase transition temperature (Ttr) and isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) tend to gradually decrease. In particular, the x = 0.4 alloy with remarkable magnetocaloric properties is obtained by tuning Co/Ni, which shows a giant entropy change of 48.5 J∙kg−1K−1 at 309 K for 5 T and an adiabatic temperature change (ΔTad) of 8.6 K at 306.5 K. Moreover, the x = 0.55 HEA shows great hardness and compressive strength with values of 552 HV2 and 267 MPa, respectively, indicating that the mechanical properties undergo an effective enhancement. The large ΔSM and ΔTad may enable the MnNiSi-based HEAs to become a potential commercialized magnetocaloric material.

Nitrogen fertilizer levels significantly affect crop growth and development, necessitating precision management. Most studies focus on nitrogen nutrient estimation using vegetation indices and textural features, overlooking the diagnostic potential of color features. Hence, we investigated cotton nitrogen nutrition status using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image features and the nitrogen nutrient index (NNI). Random frog algorithm - and random forest-screened image feature sets significantly correlated with the NNI, which were substituted into four machine learning algorithms for NNI estimation modeling. The composite scores (F) of optimal image feature sets were calculated using the coefficient of variation method for comprehensive cotton nitrogen nutrient diagnosis. Validation of the model for determining the critical nitrogen concentration in cotton yielded a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.89, root mean square error RMSE = 0.50 g (100 g)-1, and mean absolute error MAE = 0.44, demonstrating improved performance. Additionally, our novel NNI estimation model constructed based on the optimal image feature sets exhibited R2c = 0.97, RMSEc = 0.02, MAEc = 0.02, R2v = 0.85, RMSEv = 0.05, and MAEv = 0.04. Polynomial fitting of the composite index with NNI indicated that the model was reliable and yielded the following diagnostic criterion: 0.48 < F2 < 0.67 indicated nitrogen overapplication, whereas F2 < 0.48 or F2 > 0.67 indicated nitrogen deficiency. This study demonstrates the superior effectiveness of using UAV RGB image feature sets for NNI estimation and the quick, accurate diagnosis of cotton nitrogen levels, which will help guide nitrogen fertilizer application.

Lipomas, benign tumors originating from the anomalous proliferation of adipocytes, predominantly emerge in regions rich in adipose tissue. However, their presence in the head and neck areas remains rare, constituting approximately 13% of all diagnosed lipoma cases. This study presents a case involving a substantial subcutaneous lipoma located at the posterior neck, measuring about 20 cm × 19 cm × 10 cm. The patient presented with swelling and pain in the back of the neck. And the considerable dimensions of this lipoma significantly impacted the patient’s quality of life and aesthetic appearance. Concurrently, the patient exhibited symptoms indicative of degenerative cervical spine disease and cervical disc herniation. After admission, a comprehensive examination, including ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI, was conducted. Given the clinical complexity, the decision for surgical intervention was deemed essential. The surgical strategy entailed a meticulous total excision of the tumor through an incision made in the posterior cross-neck, coupled with the strategic removal of excess skin. To facilitate wound healing, postoperative management included the use of negative pressure drainage. Pathological examination conclusively identified the mass as a lipoma. Postoperative follow-ups indicated successful recovery, as evidenced by the restoration of the neck’s aesthetic contour and the complete resolution of the previously observed restrictions in sagittal neck movement.

ABSTRACT: To investigate the potential protective effect of prior cold stimulation on broiler intestine induced by acute cold stress (ACS). A total of 384 one-day-old broilers were divided into control (CON), ACS, cold stimulation Ⅰ (CS3+ACS), and cold stimulation Ⅱ (CS9+ACS) groups. Broilers in CON and ACS groups were reared normally, and birds in CS3+ACS and CS9+ACS groups were reared at 3℃ and 9℃ below CON group for 5 h, respectively, on alternate days from d 15 to 35. Broilers in ACS, CS3+ACS, and CS9+ACS groups were subjected to 10℃ for 24 h on d 43. Eventually, small intestine tissues were collected for histopathological observation and indexes detection. The results showed that intestinal tissues in all ACS-broilers exhibited inflammatory cell infiltrates, microvilli disruption, reduced villus length in jejunum and increased crypt depth in jejunum and ileum. Whereas these phenomena were relatively light in CS3+ACS group. Compared to CON group, mRNA expression of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-related genes (TLR4, MyD88, NF-κBp65, COX-2, iNOS, PTGEs, TNF-α), Th1/Th17-derived cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-17), and HSPs (HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90) was upregulated (P < 0.05), and that of Th2-deviated cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13) and IκBα was downregulated (P < 0.05) in small intestine in almost all ACS-broilers. Compared to ACS group, mRNA expression of most of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-related genes, Th1/Th17-derived cytokines, and HSPs was downregulated and that of Th2-derived cytokines was upregulated in CS3+ACS group (P < 0.05). Protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, p-p65/p65, p-IκBα/IκBα, IKK, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and HSPs were similar to their mRNA expression. The concentration of sIgA and activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH-px were decreased and MDA and H2O2 were increased in ACS and CS9+ACS groups compared to CON group (P < 0.05). Therefore, cold stress caused oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to gut immune dysfunction; while mild cold stimulation at 3℃ below normal rearing temperature alleviated cold stress-induced intestinal injure and dysfunction by modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in broilers.

The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) gene family plays a vital role in basic metabolism, hormone signaling, and enhances plant resistance to stress. Among them, the CYP82 gene family is primarily found in dicots, and they are typically activated in response to various specific environmental stresses. Nevertheless, their roles remain considerably obscure, particularly within the context of cucumber. In the present study, 12 CYP82 subfamily genes were identified in the cucumber genome. Bioinformatics analysis included gene structure, conserved motif, cis-acting promoter element, and so on. Subcellular localization predicted that all CYP82 genes were located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The results of cis element analysis showed that CYP82s may significantly affect the response to stress, hormones, and light exposure. Expression patterns of the CYP82 genes were characterized by mining available RNA-seq data followed by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) analysis. Members of CYP82 genes display specific expression profiles in different tissues, and in response to PM and abiotic stresses in this study, the role of CsCYP82D102, a member of the CYP82 gene family, was investigated. The upregulation of CsCYP82D102 expression in response to powdery mildew (PM) infection and treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or salicylic acid (SA) was demonstrated. Further research found that transgenic cucumber plants overexpressing CsCYP82D102 display heightened resistance against PM. Wild-type (WT) leaves exhibited average lesion areas of approximately 29.7% at 7 dpi upon powdery mildew inoculation. In contrast, the two independent CsCYP82D102 overexpression lines (OE#1 and OE#3) displayed significantly reduced necrotic areas, with average lesion areas of approximately 13.4% and 5.7%. Additionally, this enhanced resistance is associated with elevated expression of genes related to the SA/MeJA signaling pathway in transgenic cucumber plants. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on the biological functions of the P450 gene in cucumber plants.

The incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing around the world, and it is one of the main causes of death in chronic kidney diseases patients. It is urgent to early identify the factors of cardiometabolic risk. Sleep problems have been recognized as a risk factor for cardiometabolic risk in both healthy people and chronic patients. However, the relationship between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk has not been clearly explored in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk in 3025 hemodialysis patients by a multicenter study. After adjusting for confounders, binary logistic regression models showed that hemodialysis patients reported sleep duration greater than 7 h were more likely to be with hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Patients reported sleep duration less than 7 h were more likely to be with hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, but the risks of hyperglycemia and Low HDL-cholesterol were decreased. Poor sleep quality was negatively correlated to low HDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, gender-based differences were explained.

Abstract Studies on rodents indicate the daily oscillations of the gut microbiota have biological implications for host. However, the responses of fluctuating gut microbes to the dynamic nutrient substrates are not fully clear. In the study, we found that the feed intake, nutrient substrates, microbiota and metabolites in the colon underwent asynchronous oscillation within a day. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate peaked during T24 ~ T27 (Timepoint 24, 12:00 pm, T27, 03:00 am) whereas branched SCFAs isobutyrate and isovalerate peaked during T09 ~ T12. Further extended local similarity analysis (eLSA) revealed that the fluctuation of feed intake dynamically correlated with the colonic carbon substrates which further influenced the oscillation of sugar metabolites and acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate with a certain time shift. The relative abundance of primary degrader Ruminococcaceae taxa was highly related to the dynamics of the carbon substrates whereas the fluctuations of secondary degraders Lactobacillaceae and Streptococcaceae taxa were highly correlated with the sugar metabolites. Meanwhile, colonic nitrogen substrates were correlated with branched amino acids and the branched SCFAs. Furthermore, we validated the evolution of gut microbes under different carbohydrate and protein combinations by using an in vitro fermentation experiment. The study pictured the dynamics of the micro-ecological environment within a day which highlights the implications of the temporal dimension in studies related to the gut microbiota. Feed intake, more precisely substrate intake, is highly correlated with microbial evolution, which makes it possible to develop chronotherapies targeting the gut microbiota through nutrition intervention.

Based on ERA5 reanalysis data and CLDAS land grid precipitation data from the National Meteorological Information Center， a systematic WRF numerical simulation and precipitation mechanism diagnosis of a typical systematic precipitation process in the Qilian Mountains are carried out in this paper.The dynamic diagnosis results of the circulation background field show that the interaction between the mesoscale upper trough system and the local lower flow around and flow over provides important dynamic conditions.The mesoscale dynamic uplift in front of the trough caused by the development of the upper trough determines the distribution of the heavy precipitation belt during the precipitation process， while the lower flow around and flow over provide direct dynamic conditions for local heavy precipitation.The further diagnosis results of water vapor transport and budget show that the water vapor source of this precipitation mainly comes from the Sichuan Basin.The flow around will transport abundant water vapor for the precipitation area in front of the windward slope， and the flow over will promote the reverse gradient transport of water vapor along the terrain height and converge near the precipitation center.In the stage of heavy precipitation， the vertical transport of water vapor contributes the most to the water vapor budget， followed by the convergence of water vapor， and the local variation of water vapor can be basically ignored.Finally， the diagnostic results of atmospheric stratification characteristics show that when both atmospheric dynamic conditions and water vapor conditions are conducive to precipitation， combined with the enhancement of the instability of low and medium tropospheric stratification， it is easier to trigger convection and enhance precipitation in front of the windward slope.

Alcohol consumption alters gut microflora and damages intestinal tight junction barriers, which may affect arsenic (As) oral bioavailability. In this study, mice were exposed to arsenate in the diet (6 μg/g) over a 3-week period and gavaged daily with Chinese liquor (0.05 or 0.10 mL per mouse per day). Following ingestion, 78.0% and 72.9% of the total As intake was absorbed and excreted via urine when co-exposed with liquor at daily doses of 0.05 or 0.10 mL, significantly greater than when As was supplied alone (44.7%). Alcohol co-exposure significantly altered gut microbiota but did not significantly alter As biotransformation in the intestinal tract or tissue. Significantly lower relative mRNA expression was observed for genes encoding for tight junctions in the ileum of liquor co-exposed mice, contributing to greater As bioavailability attributable to enhanced As absorption via the intestinal paracellular pathway. However, As concentration in the liver, kidney, and intestinal tissue of liquor-treated mice was decreased by 24.4%–42.6%, 27.5%–38.1%, and 28.1%–48.9% compared to control mice. This was likely due to greater renal glomerular filtration rate induced by alcohol, as suggested by significantly lower expression of genes encoding for renal tight junctions. In addition, in mice gavaged daily with 0.05 mL liquor, the serum antidiuretic hormone level was significantly lower than control mice (2.83 ± 0.59 vs. 5.40 ± 1.10 pg/mL), suggesting the diuretic function of alcohol consumption, which may facilitate As elimination via urine. These results highlight that alcohol consumption has a significant impact on the bioavailability and accumulation of As.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide. Effective treatments against COVID-19 remain urgently in need although vaccination significantly reduces the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality. At present, antiviral drugs including Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (Paxlovid™), Remdesivir, and Molnupiravir have been authorized to treat COVID-19 and become more globally available. On the other hand, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for the treatment of epidemic diseases for a long history. Currently, various TCM formulae against COVID-19 such as Qingfei Paidu decoction, Xuanfei Baidu granule, Huashi Baidu granule, Jinhua Qinggan granule, Lianhua Qingwen capsule, and Xuebijing injection have been widely used in clinical practice in China, which may cause potential herb–drug interactions (HDIs) in patients under treatment with antiviral drugs and affect the efficacy and safety of medicines. However, information on potential HDIs between the above anti-COVID-19 drugs and TCM formulae is lacking, and thus this work seeks to summarize and highlight potential HDIs between antiviral drugs and TCM formulae against COVID-19, and especially pharmacokinetic HDIs mediated by metabolizing enzymes and/or transporters. These well-characterized HDIs could provide useful information on clinical concomitant medicine use to maximize clinical outcomes and minimize adverse and toxic effects.

In this work, two Cu–Al–Mn shape memory alloys (SMAs), Cu-12.5Al–3Mn and Cu-12.5Al–3Mn–1Ni, were prepared by wire arc melting deposition, and their shape recovery rates, ultimate recoverable strains, additive manufacturing microstructures, memory recovery behaviors, and phase transition properties were comparatively investigated. Meanwhile, the mechanism of Ni in these two alloys was discussed by combining the differences in phase composition of the two alloys. Results showed that the shape recovery rate of Cu-12.5Al–3Mn alloy decreased linearly with increasing pre-strain, from 91.23% at 4% pre-strain to 62.41% at 10% pre-strain, and its ultimate recoverable strain was approximately 7%; while the shape recovery rate of Cu-12.5Al–3Mn–1Ni SMA was 100% at 4%–8% pre-strain, and remained at 96.57% until the pre-strain was increased to 10%, i.e., the recoverable strain was more than 9%. In addition, the phase change temperature of the alloy with Ni addition decreased compared to that of the alloy without Ni addition, especially the temperature hysteresis was narrower. The results indicate the formation of a new κ phase after adding Ni to the alloy. The pinning effect of this new phase significantly improves the order of martensite within the alloy. Moreover, Ni also induces the transformation of the alloy, inhibiting the precipitation of the brittle phase γ2 and leading to a marked increase in the shape memory recovery rate and the recoverable strain of the additively fabricated Cu–Al–Mn alloy. Note that Ni transforms the alloy from hyper-eutectoid components to eutectoid components. Moreover, after adding Ni, the thermoelastic martensite phase transition temperature and temperature hysteresis decreased together with its eutectoid temperature, which made the additive manufacturing Cu–Al–Mn SMA exhibit an explosive response behavior.

Soil-borne diseases are exacerbated by continuous cropping and negatively impact maize health and yields. We conducted a long-term (11-year) field experiment in the black soil region of Northeast China to analyze the effects of different cropping systems on maize yield and rhizosphere soil fungal community structure and function. The experiment included three cropping systems: continuous maize cropping (CMC), maize–soybean rotation (MSR), and maize–soybean intercropping (MSI). MSI and MSR resulted in a 3.30–16.26% lower ear height coefficient and a 7.43–12.37% higher maize yield compared to CMC. The richness and diversity of rhizosphere soil fungi were 7.75–20.26% lower in MSI and MSR than in CMC. The relative abundances of Tausonia and Mortierella were associated with increased maize yield, whereas the relative abundance of Solicoccozyma was associated with decreased maize yield. MSI and MSR had higher proportions of wood saprotrophs and lower proportions of plant pathogens than CMC. Furthermore, our findings indicate that crop rotation is more effective than intercropping for enhancing maize yield and mitigating soil-borne diseases in the black soil zone of Northeast China. This study offers valuable insights for the development of sustainable agroecosystems.