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The objective of this study was to establish a standardized color detection method to achieve low-cost, rapid, nonintrusive and accurate characterization of the color change of smoked chicken thighs during the smoking process. This study was based on machine vision technology using the Mean algorithm, K-means algorithm and K-means algorithm + image noise reduction algorithm to establish 3 colorimetric cards for the color of sugar-smoked chicken thighs. The accuracy of the 3 colorimetric cards was verified by the K-medoids algorithm and sensory analysis, respectively. Results showed that all 3 colorimetric cards had significant color gradient changes. From the K-medoids algorithm, the accuracy of the colorimetric card produced by the Mean algorithm, K-means algorithm and K-means algorithm + image noise reduction algorithm was 87.2, 95.1, and 96.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, the verification results of the sensory analysis showed that the accuracy of the Mean algorithm, K-means algorithm and K-means algorithm + image noise reduction algorithm colorimetric card was 69.4, 80.9, and 79.2%, respectively. A comparative analysis found that the colorimetric cards produced by the K-means algorithm and K-means algorithm + image noise reduction have excellent accuracy. These 2 colorimetric cards could become a suitable method for rapid, low-cost, and accurate online color monitoring of smoked chicken., Graphical Abstracts Image, graphical abstract

// Xiaoxiao Zuo 1, * , Miao Li 2, * , Ya Yang 1 , Tiansong Liang 1 , Hongyao Yang 1 , Xinhan Zhao 2 and Daoke Yang 1 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450000, People's Republic of China 2 Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China * These authors contribute equally to this work Correspondence to: Daoke Yang, email: ydk8666@126.com Xinhan Zhao, email: zhaoxinhan@mail.xjtu.edu.cn Keywords: cytokines; IL1; breast cancer; case-control; polymorphisms Received: September 06, 2017 Accepted: November 15, 2017 Epub: December 11, 2017 Published: April 06, 2018 ABSTRACT Cytokines are known as important regulators of the cancer involved in inflammatory and immunological responses. This fact and plethora of gene polymorphism data prompted us to investigate IL1 gene polymorphisms in breast cancer (BC) patients. Totally, 530 patients with BC and 628 healthy control women were studied. The genetic polymorphisms for IL1 were analyzed by Massarray Sequencing method. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in IL1B, IL1R1 gene are thought to influence breast cancer risk. The results of the association between IL-1B, IL1R1 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk have significant. We found that the variant TT genotype of rs10490571 was associated with a significantly increased breast cancer risk (TT vs. CC: OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.12–7.08, P = 0.047 for the codominant model). For rs16944 (AG vs. GG: OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.41–0.90, P = 0.034 for the codominant model) and rs1143623 (CG vs. CC: OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.45–0.94, P = 0.023 for the codominant model) have significant associations were found in genetic models. In conclusion, the present analysis suggests a correlation of polymorphic markers within the IL-1 gene locus with the risk in developing breast cancer. Taken together with our finding that IL1B, IL1R1 gene three SNP are also associated with the risk for the disease, we suggest that inflammation via innate and adaptive immunity contributes to multifactorial hereditary predisposition to pathogenesis of the breast cancer.

Background: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been more widely used in extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) because it can maximally improve the local control rate of tumor and reduce the radiation dose received by surrounding normal tissues. However, there has been no consensus on whether IMRT can help to lower the toxic and adverse reactions caused by radiation therapy. The aim of this study is to compare skin toxicity caused by IMRT and conventional radiotherapy in Stage I–II NKTCL. Methods: A total of 93 patients with Stage I–II NKTCL, nasal-type arising in the nasal cavity were consecutively treated using curative radiotherapy between April 2005 and August 2014. These patients received radiotherapy without chemotherapy. Definitive radiotherapy was conducted using conventional radiotherapy in 33 patients and IMRT in the other sixty patients with a regional field and a total dose of 50 Gy. Dosimetric parameters of radiation treatment plans and skin toxicity were analyzed and compared between conventional radiotherapy and IMRT. Results: From the dosimetric analysis, IMRT demonstrated significantly improved dose coverage and homogeneity than conventional radiotherapy. Meanwhile, the Grade 1, 2, and 3 skin toxicity incidences in conventional radiotherapy group were 42.4%, 39.4%, and 18.2%, and in IMRT group were 25.0%, 31.7%, and 43.3%, respectively. Our data suggested that the severity of skin toxicity in IMRT group was statistically higher than that in conventional radiotherapy group. Conclusions: IMRT provided improved dose coverage than conventional radiotherapy. However, IMRT failed to lower patients' risks for skin toxicity and may have the potential to increase skin toxicity.

BACKGROUND The interleukins (ILs) are a large family of endogenous cytokines that are crucial in the regulation of inflammation and immunological responses. The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) has been found to be associated with risk breast cancer (BC) in Korean and Indian women. However, little information is found about the polymorphisms of IL-1RN in Chinese Han BC patients. METHODS We investigated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-1RN and BC risk in a case-control study that included 530 BC cases and 628 healthy controls. Six tag SNPs in IL-1RN were selected and genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression after adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS In the allele model, we found that the frequency of the 'T' allele of rs928940 was significantly lower in BC cases than in controls (OR = 0.776, 95% CI = 0.611-0.985, p = 0.037). In the genetic model analysis, five susceptibility SNPs were found to be associated with BC risk: the minor allele 'G' of rs315919, rs3181052 and rs452204 were associated with a decreased risk of BC under dominant model (p