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Background. Cervical Carcinoma (CC) is the second most common cause of death in women, with most patients being diagnosed at an advanced stage. The conventional treatment for CC, with a long chemotherapy treatment cycle, is less than satisfactory and will cause serious damage to the patient’s blood vessels. Objective. To analyze the impact of the clinical nursing pathway (CNP) on the incidence of complications and adverse prognosis in patients undergoing chemotherapy for CC via peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC). Materials and Methods. This study enrolled 157 CC patients who underwent PICC chemotherapy in the Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital between March 2017 and April 2020 and assigned them between the two groups according to different nursing interventions. Ninety-three patients treated with CNP intervention were included in the research group (RG), and sixty-four cases treated with the routine nursing intervention were included in the control group (CG). The self-care ability and intervention satisfaction of patients were assessed using the self-care ability scale and the intervention satisfaction questionnaire, respectively, both developed by our hospital. The complication rate was observed in both cohorts, and the adverse prognosis of patients was statistically analyzed. Finally, an assessment was made on the patients’ quality of life (QOL) using the quality of life questionnaire core 30 (QLQ-C30). Results. Higher scores of self-management information, catheter nursing ability, self-care compliance, and abnormal situation management were determined in RG after the nursing intervention. RG also outperformed CG in the overall incidence rates of complications and poor prognosis. Moreover, RG presented statistically higher nursing satisfaction and QLQ-C30 scores than CG after the nursing intervention. Conclusion. CNP has a significant nursing effect on patients with CC treated with PICC chemotherapy, which can not only reduce the incidence of postchemotherapy complications but also improve patient prognosis, satisfaction, and life quality, with the value for clinical promotion.

Ophiopogonis Radix is normally used as a traditional medicine and healthy food in China. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), total saponin content analysis, high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fingerprinting, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) tandem mass (MS) spectra and multivariate statistical analyses were used to analyze differences in quality of Ophiopogonis Radix from three main producing areas in China. The TLC spots of samples obtained from Zhejiang were clearer and darker than samples from Sichuan and Shandong. Additionally, HPLC fingerprinting analysis of 14 common peaks of the Ophiopogonis Radix samples indicated that the similarities of the 15 batches of samples were between 0.94 and 0.99. Finally, UPLC-Orbitrap MS analysis was used to identify the 13 common peaks of Ophiopogonis Radix. These results showed that Ophiopogonis Radix obtained from different regions can be distinguished well using a combination of analytical techniques, based on differences in their chemical components. The combination of these techniques allows comprehensive and reliable quality evaluation of Ophiopogonis Radix. This study provides references for determining the quality of Ophiopogonis Radix obtained from different regions, which will guide its use as medicine or food.

Disulfoton, an organophosphorus pesticide, is used to control cotton, beet, potato, and other seedling period aphids, leaf moths, underground pests, etc., with internal absorption, killing, gastric poisoning, and fumigation. Disulfoton is a highly toxic organophosphate pesticide, which can inhibit cholinesterase activity, resulting in neurophysiological disorders by inhalation, feeding, and transdermal absorption. Disulfoton is difficult to degrade in the environment, which leads to enrichment in organisms and interference with endocrine. This compound is harmful to the ecological environment and human health. To ensure the quality and safety of food, it is important to develop a detection method for disulfoton and its metabolites in agricultural products. A reliable method based on dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) with ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of disulfoton and its metabolites (disulfoton sulfone, disulfoton sulfoxide, demeton

Background: China has the largest number of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the world, and most lack knowledge about glycemic control and health management. This trial will examine whether a smartphone application can improve blood glucose management among individuals with T2DM. Methods: This will be a multicenter randomized controlled trial conducted in outpatient endocrinology clinics at two tertiary hospitals in Chengdu, China. The trial will enroll smartphone-literature individuals at least 18 years old who have been diagnosed with T2DM based on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of at least 7.0%. Individuals will be randomly assigned to receive routine care with standard education about T2DM and glycemic control (Control), routine care as well as weekly telephone reminders to self-monitor blood glucose (Reminder), routine care and a smartphone application providing information about glycemic control and health management with T2DM (App), or the combination of routine care, the smartphone application and weekly telephone reminders (App+Reminder). After six months of these interventions, participants will be analyzed for the primary outcome of HbA1c as well as the secondary outcomes of blood glucose monitoring frequency, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, diabetes-related medical costs, disease progression or improvement, knowledge about diabetes, health beliefs related to diabetes, diabetes self-management behavior, and satisfaction with the smartphone application. Discussion: This trial will determine whether a smartphone application can improve glycemic management among Chinese with T2DM. The findings may help guide the development of effective applications in China and elsewhere. Trial registration: The trial was prospectively registered on January 17, 2021 at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) under registration number ChiCTR2100042297.

Objective：Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an immune-mediated chronic disease, and interleukin-27(IL-27) regulates CD4+ T cell differentiation. However, little is known about its effects on CAD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the changes of IL-27 and its effect on CD4+ T cells in patients with CAD.Methods: The severity of coronary artery stenosis was assessed by Gensini score, and the concentrations of plasma IL-27, ox-LDL were measured by ELISA. qRT-PCR and Western Blotting (WB) were performed to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of T-bet, IFN-γ, GATA-3, and RORγt. After monocytes were stimulated with recombinant IL-2 and/or IL-27, CD4+IFN-γ+T cells, CD4+IL-4+T cells, CD4+IL-17+T cells, CD4+LAP+T cells and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were counted by flow cytometry. Results: Plasma IL-27 levels were significantly elevated in patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS). IL-27 levels were positively correlated with ox-LDL and Gensini scores (P < 0.01) and ox-LDL levels were positively correlated with Gensini scores (P < 0.01). The more severe the stenosis in CAD patients, the more Th1 and Th17 cells, and the less Th2, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs and CD4+LAP+T cells. IL-27 can increase the expression of T-bet and IFN-γ, and inhibit the expression of RORγt and GATA-3, and finally promote the differentiation of CD4+T cells into Th1 cells, and inhibit the differentiation of Th2, Th17, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs and CD4+LAP+T cells.Conclusion: IL-27 regulates CAD by increasing the expression of T-bet and IFN-γ and inhibiting the expression of RORγt and GATA-3, thereby increasing the frequency of Th1 cells and decreasing the frequency of Th2, Th17, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs and CD4+LAP+T cells.

Because light can regulate sleep rhythms, numerous studies have investigated whether light therapy can improve sleep disorders in older people, but its efficacy remains controversial. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine and summarize current evidence about the efficacy of light therapy to improve sleep for older people in residential long-term care.Systematic review.Older people living in long-term care settings.Systematic searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, WanFang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and in reference lists within relevant articles. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated light therapy for older people with sleep disorders in long-term care settings.This systematic review includes 21 articles, summarizing light therapy with different durations and intensities. The light intervention was typically administered between 7:00 and 12:00 am for 30-120 minutes. The interventions lasted from 1 week to several months, and the intensity of the light intervention usually ranged from 2500 to 10,000 lux. Short-term exposure (30-60 minutes) with high light levels (≥10,000 lux), relatively long-term exposure (1-2 hours) with moderate light levels (2500-10,000 lux), or long-term exposure (1-4 hours or full day) with low light levels (≤2500 lux) were associated with improved sleep indicators for older people in long-term care settings.The efficacy of light therapy in long-term care settings may be affected by the duration of exposure, time and length of intervention, intensity of light, and equipment used to administer the therapy. Further research must be conducted to optimize light therapy parameters. Large, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to deepen our understanding of the effects of light therapy on sleep in older people living in long-term care settings.

A reliable and simple modified QuEChERS method with UPLC-MS/MS was developed for the simultaneous determination of six pesticides (dimethomorph, imidaclothiz, lufenuron, methoxyfenozide, pyridaben, spinetoram) and their metabolites in pak choi. Method validation indicated good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99), accuracy (recoveries of 75%−112%), sensitivity (limits of quantification, 0.002–0.01 mg kg−1), and precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 21%), and matrix effects were −36–28%. The half-lives of the six pesticides in pak choi were 2.2–12 d under open field and greenhouse conditions. Considering the short growth cycle of pak choi, the terminal residue levels (0.046–7.8 mg kg−1) and the relevant maximum residue limits (MRLs) of some countries, 5 d was recommended as the pre-harvest interval for the six pesticides on pak choi. Dietary risk assessment revealed that the risk quotients were 3.1%−58% for different gender and age groups in China, indicating none unacceptable public health risk for general population. The results showed that all the six pesticides degraded faster and the terminal residues were much lower under open field conditions than those under greenhouse conditions, which was mainly due to the influence of rainfall, sunlight and other environmental factors. This work was thus significant in assessing the dissipation fate and food safety risks of the six pesticides on pak choi and facilitated the establishment of maximum residue limits.

An innovative method was established for the determination of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in vegetables and fruits. Due to its small molecular weight and low boiling point, it was difficult to obtain quantitative analysis for 1-MCP, especially at the residual level. In this work, based on its iodine derivatives, 1-MCP was derived to 1,2-diiodo-1-methylcyclopropane, which was much easier for trace and accurate chromatographic analysis. During the method validation, the method validation results were satisfactory in terms of linearity (4 ~ 400 µg/L, and R2 ≥ 0.959), matrix effect (−89% ~ −13%), accuracy (80 ~ 100%), sensitivity (limits of quantification, 5 μg/kg) and precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 19%), which was in accordance with the Chinese guidelines for the testing of pesticide residues in crops. Finally, the proposed analytical method was used to monitor the 1-MCP residue levels in commercially available samples, and all the values were below 5 µg/kg, which satisfied the EU or Japan MRLs of 1-MCP.

Ferroptosis, a cell death path induced by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), will cause the accumulation of lipid peroxides (PL-PUFA-OOH) and achieve potent tumor-regression. However, glutathione (GSH)-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) can reduce PL-PUFA-OOH and antagonize the ferroptosis inducing effect of ROS. Herein, folate-PEG modified dihydroartemisinin (DHA) loaded manganese doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (described as nanomissiles) were constructed for integrating the effect of GSH exhaustion and ROS generation. After endocytosis by tumor cells, intracellular GSH triggered the degradation of nanomissiles, which allowed the simultaneous release of DHA and Fenton catalytic Mn2+ due to the redox reaction between the manganese-oxygen bonds and GSH. The degradation would lead to GSH exhaustion, activation of Mn2+-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and DHA-driven ˙OH generation. The GSH-free environment inhibited the activity of GPx4 and enhanced the accumulation of PL-PUFA-OOH oxidized by ˙OH. Furthermore, the cooperative effects suppressed tumor metastasis by destroying the structure of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cell membranes and showed potent antitumor activity. This innovative ferroptotic therapy integrating the GSH exhaustion and ROS generation will be a promising strategy for cancer therapy.

Background: Glutathione (GSH), the primary antioxidant in cells, could fight against oxidative stress. Tumor cells display a higher GSH level than normal cells for coping with the hyperoxidative state, which meets the requirements of enhanced metabolism and vicious proliferation. Therefore, the consumption of GSH will lead to cell redox imbalance and impede life activities. Herein, targeted sorafenib (SFB) loaded manganese doped silica nanoparticle (FaPEG-MnMSN@SFB) was constructed, which could destroy the intracellular redox homeostasis by consuming GSH. Methods: In this study, MnMSN was prepared by an optimized one-pot Stober's method for loading SFB, and FaPEG chain was modified on the surface of MnMSN to achieve long circulation and targeted delivery. The anticancer efficacy and mechanism of the designed FaPEG-MnMSN@SFB were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Results: FaPEG-MnMSN@SFB exhibited efficient antitumor activity by dual depleting intracellular GSH (the degradation of MnMSN would consume intracellular GSH and the SFB would inhibit the effect of Xc- transport system to inhibit GSH synthesis). Moreover, disruption of redox balance would lead to apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent ferroptosis of tumor cells. Conclusion: Such a GSH-starvation therapeutic strategy would cause multi-path programmed cell death and could be a promising strategy for cancer therapy.

Yanping Lu,1 Shunping Han,1 Hongyue Zheng,1 Rui Ma,1 Yuting Ping,1 Jiafeng Zou,1 Hongxia Tang,1 Yongping Zhang,2 Xiuling Xu,1 Fanzhu Li1 1College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; 2College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China Background: The Traditional Chinese Medicine, arsenic trioxide (ATO, As2O3) could inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in a variety of solid tumor cells, but it is severely limited in the treatment of glioma due to its poor BBB penetration and nonspecifcity distribution in vivo. Purpose: The objective of this study was encapsulating ATO in the modified PAMAM dendrimers to solve the problem that the poor antitumor effect of ATO to glioma, which provide a novel angle for the study of glioma treatment. Methods: The targeting drug carrier (RGDyC-mPEG-PAMAM) was synthesized based on Arg-Gly-Asp (RGDyC) and αvβ3 integrin targeting ligand, and conjugated to PEGylated fifth generation polyamidoamine dendrimer (mPEG-PAMAM). It was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared spectra, Nano-particle size-zeta potential analyzer,etc. The in vitro release characteristics were studied by dialysis bag method. MTT assay was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of carriers and the antitumor effect of ATO formulation. In vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) and C6 cell co-culture models were established to investigate the inhibitory effect of different ATO formulation after transporting across BBB. Pharmacokinetic and antitumor efficacy studies were investigated in an orthotopic murine model of C6 glioma. Results: The prepared RGDyC-mPEG-PAMAM was characterized for spherical dendrites, comparable size (21.60±6.81 nm), and zeta potential (5.36±0.22 mV). In vitro release showed that more ATO was released from RGDyC-mPEG-PAMAM/ATO (79.5%) at pH 5.5 than that of pH 7.4, during 48 hours. The cytotoxicity of PEG-modified carriers was lower than that of the naked PAMAM on both human brain microvascular endothelial cells and C6 cells. In in vitro BBB model, modification of RGDyC heightened the cytotoxicity of ATO loaded on PAMAM, due to an increased uptake by C6 cells. The results of cell cycle and apoptosis analysis revealed that RGDyC-mPEG-PAMAM/ATO arrested the cell cycle in G2-M and exhibited threefold increase in percentage of apoptosis to that in the PEG-PAMAM/ATO group. Compared with ATO-sol group, both RGDyC-mPEG-PAMAM/ATO and mPEG-PAMAM/ATO groups prolonged the half-life time, increased area under the curve, and improved antitumor effect, significantly. While the tumor volume inhibitory of RGDyC-mPEG-PAMAM/ATO was 61.46±12.26%, it was approximately fourfold higher than the ATO-sol group, and twofold to the mPEG-PAMAM/ATO group. Conclusion: In this report, RGDyC-mPEG-PAMAM could enhance the antitumor of ATO to glioma, it provides a desirable strategy for targeted therapy of glioma. Keywords: arsenic trioxide, blood-brain barrier, RGDyC, PEG co-modified, glioma targeting delivery, PAMAM dendrimer

Chemometric analysis was used to classify different oils based on the m/z 256 mass chromatogram. Three hundred oil samples comprised of 12 LFOs, 104 HFOs (13 weathered fuel oils), and 184 crude oil samples (63 weathered crude oils) were analyzed by GC–MS, and the m/z 256 mass chromatogram was chosen for classification. After normalization, the m/z 256 mass chromatograms were aligned using the correlation optimized warping (COW) method with segment lengths of 50 data points and slack parameters of 4 data points. They were then analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The score graphs of the PCs revealed that there was a good discriminant for HFOs, LHOs and oils. According to the changing tendency of the correct sample percentage, five PCs were chosen for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA). A good model with three discriminant equations for HFOs, LFOs and oils was obtained. For the training set with 172 samples, the correct percentage reached 100%, and 99% was obtained for the test set with 128 samples. This study proved that the COW-PCA-LDA method based on the m/z 256 mass chromatogram can be used in oil fingerprinting identification, especially for oil type classification.

Synthetically attractive 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives are readily synthesized directly from aromatic ketones, paraformaldehyde and dimethylamine via a novel one-pot tandem Mannich annulation. This is the first example of aromatic ketones used as a practical precursor to obtain 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane in good yields (up to 83%).

In this work, a novel analytical method was established for simultaneous determination of E-fluoxastrobin and Z-fluoxastrobin in vegetables and fruits. After extracted by acetonitrile, the samples were cleansing with dispersive solid liquid extraction (d-SLE) process, and analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection (UHPLC-DAD). The effectiveness of the optimized method was validated by determining the linearity (R2 > 0.99), sensitivity (limits of quantification of 30 μg/kg), recovery (71.3–113.2%), and precision (relative standard deviations, RSDs ≤ 13.9%) in eight vegetable and fruit samples. The results suggested that this method was simple, reliable, and feasible to determine the residues of E-fluoxastrobin and Z-fluoxastrobin in vegetable and fruit samples, which could be further applied to 160 various vegetable and fruit samples.

We have first investigated Manakov solitons in biased two-photon photorefractive crystals in which refractive index changes are governed by both the linear and quadratic electro-optic effects simultaneously. Our results show that Manakov soliton pairs can be supported in all three possible realizations: dark-dark, bright–bright and dark-bright under steady-state conditions provided that the total intensity of the two mutually inherent beams is much lower than that of dark irradiance. It is also found that these Manakov solitons owe their existence to the co-effect of the linear and quadratic electro-optic effect where PR effect may be enhanced, weakened or even counteracted with each other. Moreover, the intensity full widths at half maximum of these Manakov solitons are inversely proportional to the square root of the quadratic polynomial of the external bias field, so the width can also be adjusted by altering the polarity besides changing the strength of the external biased field.

This article describes an alternative digital approach for fabricating an implant-supported interim prosthesis. An interim prosthesis with an appropriate emergence profile and esthetics was fabricated before surgery and connected to the interim abutment immediately after implantation guided by a prosthetic template.

A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation was developed for the determination of fluazinam in six vegetables (cabbage, cucumber, tomato, pak choi, spinach, and zucchini) and four fruits (apple, grape, orange, and strawberry), followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Samples were purified by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) using hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-OH) as the absorbent. Method validation yielded satisfactory results in terms of the linearity (R2 > 0.99) over a range of 1–500 μg L−1, fortified recovery (81–115%) at three spiked levels, precision (RSDs ≤12%), and sensitivity (limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5 ng g−1). The established method was further applied to determine fluazinam in 120 vegetable samples and 80 fruit samples collected from local markets. The fluazinam residues in most of the samples were below the LOQ, except for two strawberry samples containing 97 and 135 ng g−1. Therefore, the present method was proven to be a reliable and convenient analytical method for monitoring fluazinam residues in vegetable and fruit matrices.

We propose a new lidar scheme with the emission source of even coherent states of light. This lidar can outperform the performance enhancement achieved by coherent states lidar in the presence of loss and noise. The binary-outcome photon counting measurements are introduced to enhance the resolution and sensitivity. Numerical results show that even coherent states give better resolution than coherent states only in small loss regimes. However, in the noisy cases, zero–nonzero detection gives worse resolution and better sensitivity than parity detection in the phase diffusion regions of κ 10 − 1 and κ > 0.003 , respectively.

NaLa(WO4)2:Eu3+ phosphors with different Eu3+ concentrations have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The phase is confirmed by XRD analysis, which shows a pure-phase NaLa(WO4)2 XRD pattern for all of NaLa(WO4)2:Eu3+ phosphors. The SEM and TEM images indicate that all of NaLa(WO4)2:Eu3+ phosphors have a octahedral morphology. These suggest that the Eu3+ doping has no influence on the structure and growth of NaLa(WO4)4 particles. By monitoring the emission of Eu3+ at 615 nm, NaLa(WO4)2:Eu3+ phosphors show excitation bands originating from both host and Eu3+ ions. Under the excitation at 271 nm corresponding to WO4 2− groups, emission bands coming from the 1A1 → 3T1 transition with the WO4 2− groups and the 5D0 → 7Fj (j = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) transitions of Eu3+ are observed. The emission intensity relating to WO4 2− groups decreases with increasing Eu3+ concentration. But emission intensities of Eu3+ increase firstly and then decreases because of concentration quenching effect. Under the excitation at 395 nm corresponding to 7F0 → 5L6 transition of Eu3+, only characteristic Eu3+ emission bands can be observed. The results of this work suggest that tunable luminescence can be obtained for Eu3+ doped NaLa(WO4)2 phosphors by changing Eu3+ concentration and excitation wavelength.

GdPO 4 :Eu 3+ samples were synthesized by a hydrothermal process using melamine formaldehyde (MF) as template. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum suggested that GdPO 4 :Eu 3+ has a hexagonal phase. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed that the obtained GdPO 4 :Eu 3+ are hollow microspheres with diameters in the range of 1–1.5 μm. Under the excitation at 245 nm, hexagonal GdPO 4 :Eu 3+ hollow microspheres showed emission bands originating from the 5 D 0 → 7 F J (J = 1, 2, 3 and 4) transitions of Eu 3+ . The drug release properties of hexagonal GdPO 4 :Eu 3+ hollow microspheres were exhibited by the doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) release test. The biocompatibility of hexagonal GdPO 4 :Eu 3+ hollow microsphere was tested by the standard 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results indicated that hollow GdPO 4 :Eu 3+ microspheres have potential applications in biomedicine fields.

The poor capability of drugs to permeate through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and further release inside glioma greatly limits the curative effects of glioma chemotherapies. In this study, we prepared angiopep-2-conjugated liposome-silica hybrid nanovehicles for targeted delivery and increased the permeation of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in glioma. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) was grafted on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) for pH-sensitive release and supporting the lipid membrane. The prepared "core-shell" nanovehicles (ANG-LP-PAA-MSN) were characterized with uniform size, high drug loading efficiency (8.19 ± 0.51%), and superior pH-sensitive release feature. From the experiments, the enhanced targeted delivery of ATO by ANG-LP-PAA-MSN (ANG-LP-PAA-MSN@ATO) was evidenced by the improvement of transport, enhanced cellular uptake, and apoptosis in vitro. In addition, the pharmacokinetic study was creatively carried out through the blood-glioma synchronous microdialysis and revealed that the half-life ( t1/2) of blood and glioma tissue in the ANG-LP-PAA-MSN@ATO treatment group was extended by 1.65 and 2.34 times compared with the ATO solution group (ATO-Sol). The targeting efficiency of ANG-LP-PAA-MSN@ATO (24.96%) was dramatically stronger than that of the ATO-Sol (5.94%). Importantly, ANG-LP-PAA-MSN@ATO had a higher accumulation (4.6 ± 2.6% ID per g) in tumor tissues and showed a better therapeutic efficacy in intracranial C6 glioma bearing rats. Taken together, the blood-glioma synchronous microdialysis was successful used for the pharmacokinetic study and real-time monitoring of drug concentrations in blood and glioma; ANG-LP-PAA-MSN could be a promising targeted drug delivery system for glioma therapy.

The objective of this study was to construct norcantharidin (NCTD)/tetrandrine (Tet) dual-drug loaded lipid nanoparticles (FA-LP@Tet/(MSNs@NCTD)) based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for controlling drug release and lowering their systemic toxicity. In this study, MSNs were prepared and used for encapsulating anticancer drug NCTD; then MSNs@NCTD and Tet were loaded into liposomes to construct dual-drug loaded lipid nanoparticles with folic acid (FA) as the targeting moiety. The prepared dual-drug loaded lipid nanoparticles with a uniform particle size distribution of 153.17±4.17 nm (PDI 0.191±0.017, zeta potential -20.93±1.75 mV), had a visible core-shell structure under transmission electron microscopy; the encapsulation efficiency of NCTD and Tet was 86.62% and 79.19%, respectively, with obvious in vitro sustained release characteristics. The cellular uptake results suggested that FA modification could enhance intracellular distribution of FA-LP@Tet/(MSNs@NCTD). Furthermore, cell apoptosis assays showed FA-LP@Tet/(MSNs@NCTD) had better antitumor ability via reversing multidrug resistance. Therefore, FA-LP@Tet/(MSNs@NCTD) was a promising drug delivery system for combination cancer therapy.

Background The vertical transmission of HBV from mothers to their infants at birth or in early infancy has a significant role in the endemicity of HBV infection. Tenofovir is one of the most potent anti-HBV agents with a high genetic barrier to resistance. The study is to evaluate the efficacy of tenofovir in preventing perinatal HBV transmission, as well as monitoring safety for mothers and infants. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI (National Knowledge Infrastructure, China) database were systematically reviewed for studies that compared the efficacy and safety of tenofovir with other treatments. Pooled estimates were expressed with weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and risk ratio (RR) with 95% CIs. Results Nine studies involving 1046 pregnant patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with other treatments, tenofovir significantly reduced maternal HBV DNA levels (WMD = 2.33 log10 IU/mL, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.64; P

Ca (3 − x ) Sr x (PO 4 ) 2 :2 mol%Eu 2+ fibers were fabricated through the electrospinning process and followed by the calcination treatment. The fibers were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and spectrophotometer. The XRD results showed that the obtained fibers have the whitlockite-related structure. The SEM and TEM images showed that the fibers with diameters about 100 nm are mesoporous and composed of fine and closely linked nanoparticles. Under the 365 nm UV light excitation, Ca (3 − x ) Sr x (PO 4 ) 2 :2 mol%Eu 2+ fibers show emissions with different peak positions. The emission color is tunable from blue to green and to green–yellow in the visible region of the spectrum by varying the Sr/Ca ratios.

CdWO 4 :Tb 3+ nanofibers were synthesized by a simple electrospinning process and followed by the calcination. The XRD and FTIR results indicated that the as-prepared samples were amorphous and the calcined samples have the pure monoclinic phase. The SEM and TEM showed that nanofibers comprising of lots of small nanoparticles were obtained after the calcination. The excitation and emission spectra of CdWO 4 :Tb 3+ nanofibers suggested that the energy transfer from WO 4 2− to Tb 3+ occurred. Under the ultraviolet excitation, CdWO 4 :Tb 3+ nanofibers emitted green light centered at 545 nm.

A sensitive and reliable analytical method was developed for simultaneous determination of amicarbazone (AMZ) and its two major metabolites including desamino amicarbazone (DA) and isopropyl-2-hydroxy-DA-amicarbazone (Ipr-2-OH-DA-AMZ) in soil for the first time. Targeted analytes were extracted and purified using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure, and then analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with a total run time of 9 min. The established approach was extensively validated by determining the linearity (R 2 ≥ 0.99), recovery (84–96 ), sensitivity (limits of quantification at 5–10 μg kg−1), and precision (RSDs ≤12 %). Based on the methodological advances, the subsequent dissipation kinetics and degradation mechanism of amicarbazone in soil were thoroughly investigated in an illumination incubator. As revealed, AMZ was easily degraded with the half-lives of 13.9–19.7 days in soil. Field trial results of AMZ (40 g a.i. ha−1) in Shanghai showed that the residues of AMZ and its metabolite Ipr-2-OH-DA-AMZ decreased from 0.505 mg kg−1 (day 50) to 0.038 mg kg−1 (day 365) and from 0.099 mg kg−1 (day 50) to 0.028 mg kg−1 (day 365), respectively, while the content of DA increased from 0.097 mg kg−1 (day 50) to 0.245 mg kg−1 (day 365). This study provided valuable data to understand the toxicity of AMZ and substantially promote its safe application to protect environment and human health.