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Finding schemes for capturing hot carrier is crucial for designing photovoltaic device that more efficiently converts light into electricity. Currently, utilizing fullerene to enhance the cold electron capture from halide perovskite is remarkably prevalent, however, to date, capturing hot carrier in this system remains unlocked. Here, we demonstrate tuning their electronic coupling drives highly efficient hot carrier capture in inorganic perovskite nanocrystal and fullerene hybrid by transient absorption spectroscopy. The formation of state coupled complexes creates new hot carrier transport channels in their binding sites and reverses the originally forbidden hot carrier capture. Moreover, appropriately controlling phonon bottleneck and Auger heat effects in perovskite nanocrystal is demonstrated to enable more efficient hot carrier capture. Finally, we realizes ~ 84% of maximum hot carrier capture efficiency. The findings advance the modulation of hot carrier dynamics in doner-acceptor heterostructures and are essential for the development of practical hot carrier photovoltaics.

MicroRNAs have emerged as key regulators in vascular diseases and are involved in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. However, the atherosclerotic-specific MicroRNAs and their functional roles in atherosclerosis are unclear. Here, we report that miR-378c protects against atherosclerosis by directly targeting Sterile Alpha Motif Domain Containing 1 (Samd1), a predicted transcriptional repressor. miR-378c was strikingly reduced in atherosclerotic plaques and blood of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients relative to healthy controls. Suppression of miR-378c promoted vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypic transition during atherosclerosis. We also reported for the first time that Samd1 prolonged immobilization of LDL on the VSMCs, thus facilitated LDL oxidation and subsequently foam cell formation. Further, we found that Samd1 contains predicted DNA binding domain and directly binds to DNA regions as a transcriptional repressor. Together, we uncovered a novel mechanism whereby miR-378c-Samd1 circuit participates in two key elements of atherosclerosis, VSMCs phenotypic transition and LDL oxidation. Our results provided a better understanding of atherosclerosis pathophysiology and potential therapeutic management by targeting miR-378c-Samd1 circuit.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have triggered a research trend in solar energy devices in view of their high power conversion efficiency and ease of fabrication. However, more delicate strategies are still required to suppress carrier recombination at charge transfer interfaces, which is the necessary path to high-efficiency solar cells. Here, a p-p+ homojunction was constructed on basis of NiO film to enhance hole transfer in an inverted planar perovskite solar cell. The homojunction was generated by fabricating a NiO/Cu:NiO bilayer film. The density functional theory calculation demonstrated the charge density difference in the two layers, which could generate a space charge region and a band bending at the junction, and the result was further proved by energy level structure analysis of NiO and Cu:NiO films. The designed homojunction could accelerate the hole transfer and inhibit carrier recombination at the interface between hole transfer layer and perovskite layer. Finally, the inverted planar perovskite solar cell with p-p+ homojunction showed an efficiency of 18.30 % and a high fill factor of 0.81, which were much higher than the counterpart of the PSCs individually using NiO or Cu:NiO as hole transfer layer. This work developed a new structure of hole transport layer to enhance the performance of PSCs, and also provided new ideas for design of charge transfer films.

In this work, a new small molecular material, 9,9'-(pyrene-1,6-diyldimethylylidene)bis[N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine] (PFD), as a hole-transporting layer was designed for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). PFD has a rigid and flat pyrene unit as the central building block and a symmetric structure to increase the conjugation degree for better carrier conductivity. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.6% was achieved for PSC based on undoped PFD. When spiro-OMeTAD is further introduced on the top of PFD (PFD/spiro-OMeTAD), a PCE of 21.02% was achieved with a steady-state efficiency of 19.92%, revealing that PFD as an interfacial layer could restrain carrier recombination. Unencapsulated devices based on PFD or PFD/spiro-OMeTAD exhibit excellent stability including long-term stability for over 1400 h under ambient condition, and moisture stability under the “Double 60 program” test simultaneously at 60% RH and 60 °C in air. Besides, no obvious degradation was found for the PFD/spiro-OMeTAD device over 200 h under continuous illumination at the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in N2 atmosphere. It is thus suggested that PFD could be a promising dopant-free HTM for PSCs, and also acts as an interface layer to suppress the carrier recombination to further improve the device performance.

As for the dynamics of a photovoltaic device, persistent photovoltage, generally implying long-lived charge carriers, is expected. Although in the observation of open-circuit photovoltage decay in ...

Summary Electrical transients enabled by an optical excitation and an electric detection provide a distinctive opportunity to study charge transport, recombination, and even photoelectric hysteresis of a solar cell in a wide time window ranging from nanoseconds to seconds. However, controversies on how to exploit these investigations to unravel the charge loss mechanism of the cell have been ongoing. Herein, a new methodology of quantifying the charge loss within the bulk absorber or at the interfaces and the defect properties of solar cells has been proposed. This methodology has been successfully applied in the study of commercialized silicon and emerging Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 and perovskite solar cells herein and should also be applicable to other similar photovoltaic device systems. Overall, this work provides an alluring route for a comprehensive investigation of dynamic physics processes and charge loss mechanism of solar cells and possesses potential applications for other optoelectronic devices.

Aim: Since the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, medical staff have faced greater psychological stress and are prone to psychological problems such as anxiety and depression, as confirmed by several studies. This study further clarifies the psychological status of Chinese medical staff during the stable phase of the pandemic through a cross-sectional investigation in a large population sample in northern China.Methods: Subjects: Clinical frontline medical staff from seven hospitals in Liaoning Province were recruited from November 2020 to February 2021.Research Tools: The research tools used were the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and General Status Questionnaire.Statistical Analysis: SPSS 22.0, ANOVA variance analysis, and multiple logistics regression were used for statistical analysis. P-values of Results: A total of 3,144 medical staff completed the survey (599 men [19.1%] and 2,545 women [80.9%]; 1,020 doctors [32.4%] and 2,124 nurses [67.6%]). Among all subjects, the rates of anxiety and depression were 21.1% (663/3, 144) and 43.9% (1,381/3,144), respectively. Multiple logistic comparative analysis revealed that age (OR = 1.272, 95% CI = 1.036–1.561, P = 0.022), the need for psychological counseling (OR = 1.566, 95% CI = 1.339–1.830, P < 0.001), and the coexistence of depression (OR = 0.050, 95% CI = 0.038–0.066, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with anxiety. Coexisting anxiety was also associated with the occurrence of depression (OR = 0.050, 95% CI = 0.038–0.065, P < 0.001).Conclusions: In the later stages of the pandemic in China, the occurrence rates of anxiety and depression among medical staff remain high. In addition to age, there is little correlation between anxiety or depression and general factors such as gender and profession. As a special group, medical staff show different psychological changes at various times during a stressful event. Concerning for the psychological needs of medical staff and different psychologically oriented policy implementation are needed.

Reactive distillation (RD) process is an innovative hybrid process combining reaction with distillation, which has recently come into sharp focus as a successful case of process intensification. Considered as the most representative case of process intensification, it has been applied for many productions, especially for production of ester compounds. However, such problems existing in the RD system for ester productions are still hard to solve, as the removal of the water which comes from the esterification, and the separation of the azeotropes of ester–alcohol (–water). Many methods have been studying on the process to solve the problems resulting in further intensification and energy saving. In this paper, azeotropic–reactive distillation or entrainer enhanced reactive distillation (ERD) process, reactive extractive distillation (RED) process, the method of co-production in RD process, pressure-swing reactive distillation (PSRD) process, reactive distillation–pervaporation coupled process (RD–PV), are introduced to solve the problems above, so the product(s) can be separated efficiently and the chemical equilibrium can be shifted. Dividing-wall column (DWC) structure and novel methods of loading catalyst are also introduced as the measures to intensify the process and save energy.

Mirabegron (Myrbetriq) is a β3-adrenoreceptor agonist approved for treating overactive bladder syndrome in human patients. This drug can activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans and rodents through the β3-adrenoreceptor-mediated sympathetic activation. However, the effect of the mirabegron, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, on atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease is unknown. Here, we show that the clinical dose of mirabegron-induced BAT activation and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) exacerbate atherosclerotic plaque development. In apolipoprotein E(−/−) (ApoE(−/−)) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor(−/−) (Ldlr(−/−)) mice, oral administration of clinically relevant doses of mirabegron markedly accelerates atherosclerotic plaque growth and instability by a mechanism of increasing plasma levels of both LDL-cholesterol and very LDL-cholesterol remnants. Stimulation of atherosclerotic plaque development by mirabegron is dependent on thermogenesis-triggered lipolysis. Genetic deletion of the critical thermogenesis-dependent protein, uncoupling protein 1, completely abrogates the mirabegron-induced atherosclerosis. Together, our findings suggest that mirabegron may trigger cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in patients who suffer from atherosclerosis.

Reactive dividing-wall column (RDWC) technology plays a critical role in the energy saving and high efficiency of chemical process. In this article, the process of co-producing ethyl acetate (EA) and n-butyl acetate (BA) with RDWC was studied. BA was not only the product, but also acted as entrainer to remove the water generated by the two esterification reactions. Experiments and simulations of the co-production process were carried out. It was found that the experimental results were in good agreement with the simulation results. Two kinds of RDWC structures (RDWC-FC and RDWC-RS) were proposed, and the co-production process operating parameters of the two types of RDWC were optimized by Aspen Plus respectively. The optimal operating parameters of the RDWC-FC were determined as follows: 0.6 of the reflux ratio of aqueous phase (RR), 0.66 of the vapor split (RV) and 0.51 of the liquid split (RL). And the optimal operating parameters of the RDWC-RS were shown as follows: RR was 0.295 and RV was 0.61. Furthermore, the energy saving analysis of the co-production process was based on the annual output of 10000 tons of EA, compared with the traditional reaction distillation (RD) to prepare EA and BA, the reboiler duty of the RDWC-FC column could save 20.4%, TAC saving 23.6%; RDWC-RS reboiler energy consumption could save 17.0%, TAC 22.2%.

We investigated temperature dependent current driven spin-orbit torques in magnetron sputtered ${\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}$ (4 and 10 nm)/${\mathrm{Co}}_{20}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{60}{\mathrm{B}}_{20}$ (5 nm) layered structures with in-plane magnetic anisotropy. The room temperature dampinglike and fieldlike spin torque efficiencies of the amorphous ${\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}$ films were measured to be $0.14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.008\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(0.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012)$ and $--0.03\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(--0.20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009)$, for the four (10 nm) films, respectively, by utilizing the second-harmonic Hall technique. The large fieldlike torque in the relatively thicker ${\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}$ (10 nm) thin film is unique compared to the traditional spin Hall materials interfaced with thick magnetic layers with in-plane magnetic anisotropy which typically have dominant dampinglike and negligible fieldlike torques. Additionally, the observed room temperature fieldlike torque efficiency in ${\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}$ (10 nm)/CoFeB (5 nm) is up to three times larger than the dampinglike torque ($--0.20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009$ and $0.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012$, respectively) and 30 times larger at 50 K ($--0.29\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.014$ and $0.009\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.017$, respectively). The temperature dependence of the fieldlike torques shows dominant contributions from the intrinsic spin Hall effect while the dampinglike torques show dominate contributions from the extrinsic spin Hall effects, skew scattering, and side jump. Through macrospin calculations, we found that including fieldlike torques on the order of or larger than the dampinglike torque can reduce the switching critical current and decrease magnetization procession for a perpendicular ferromagnetic layer.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have triggered a research trend in solar energy devices in view of their high power conversion efficiency and ease of fabrication. However, more delicate strategies are still required to suppress carrier recombination at charge transfer interfaces, which is the necessary path to high-efficiency solar cells. Here, a p-p

The stability issue hinders the commercialization of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which is widely recognized. The efficiency generally decreases over time during the working condition. Here, we report an efficiency enhancement phenomenon of PSCs in the stability test at the maximum power point, which is speculated to be related to the electric-field-induced ion migration. The defect density and efficiency-related parameters were traced in situ by admittance spectroscopy and transient photovoltage when the cell works under bias voltage. The performance enhancement was revealed to be attributed to the reduction of the cell defects owing to ion migration. An efficiency of 22.3% can be achieved after the bias voltage was kept for 8 h. These findings suggest that ion migration is a double-edged sword that affects the electrical stability of PSCs, which presents a potential approach to improve the device's stability by appropriately controlling the defect states.

Background Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease, meaning patients would benefit from different treatment strategies based on their molecular stratification. In recent years, several genomic studies have identified prostate cancers with defects in DNA repair genes. It is known that the PARP inhibitor, olaparib, has a significant synthetic lethal effect on tumors with BRCA 1/2 mutations, particularly in ovarian and breast cancer. Case presentation In this study, we describe a patient with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) containing a BRCA2 germline mutation who underwent olaparib treatment. The efficacy of the treatment was monitored by serum TPSA level as well as mutation levels of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The patient responded to the olaparib treatment as indicated by the minimal residual levels of TPSA and tumor-specific mutations of ctDNA in plasma after four months of treatment, although the patient eventually progressed at six-month post-treatment with significantly elevated and newly acquired somatic mutations in ctDNA. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that mCRPC with BRCA2 germline mutations could response to PARP inhibitor, which improves patient’s outcome. We further demonstrated that NGS-based genetic testing on liquid biopsy can be used to dynamically monitor the efficacy of treatment.

Surface passivation is an effective approach to eliminate defects and thus to achieve efficient perovskite solar cells, while the stability of the passivation effect is a new concern for device stability engineering. Herein, tribenzylphosphine oxide (TBPO) is introduced to stably passivate the perovskite surface. A high efficiency exceeding 22%, with steady-state efficiency of 21.6%, is achieved, which is among the highest performances for TiO2 planar cells, and the hysteresis is significantly suppressed. Further density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals that the surface molecule superstructure induced by TBPO intermolecular π-π conjugation, such as the periodic interconnected structure, results in a high stability of TBPO-perovskite coordination and passivation. The passivated cell exhibits significantly improved stability, with sustaining 92% of initial efficiency after 250 h maximum-power-point tracking. Therefore, the construction of a stabilized surface passivation in this work represents great progress in the stability engineering of perovskite solar cells.

The spin-orbit torque (SOT) arising from materials with large spin-orbit coupling promises a path for ultra-low power and fast magnetic-based storage and computational devices. We investigated the SOT from magnetron-sputtered BixSe(1-x) thin films in BixSe(1-x)/CoFeB heterostructures by using a dc planar Hall method. Remarkably, the spin Hall angle (SHA) was found to be as large as 18.83, which is the largest ever reported at room temperature (RT). Moreover, switching of a perpendicular CoFeB multilayer using SOT from the BixSe(1-x) has been observed with the lowest-ever switching current density reported in a bilayer system: 2.3 * 105 A/cm2 at RT. The giant SHA, smooth surface, ease of growth of the films on silicon substrate, successful growth and switching of a perpendicular CoFeB multilayer on BixSe(1-x) film opens a path for use of BixSe(1-x) topological insulator (TI) material as a spin-current generator in SOT-based memory and logic devices.

All-inorganic perovskites have aroused great interest recently because of their prominent photoelectric properties and thermal stability for stable, highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Herein, a two-step multiple spin coating method has been developed for the first time to prepare cesium halide perovskite films. In particular, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is introduced into CsBr/methanol precursor solution to increase the solubility of CsBr; in the meantime, it can also remarkably influence the morphologies, optical properties and photovoltaic performance of CsPb(IxBr1−x)3 (0 < x < 1) films. By regulating the content of DMSO, as high as 13.27% power conversion efficiency (PCE) has been achieved with a steady-state PCE of 12.5% under optimal conditions, which can maintain 98% of the initial PCE for 480 h under ambient conditions without encapsulation. The synergistic effect of the solvent-engineering method can provide a new access for good quality all-inorganic perovskite thin films for high performance optoelectronic devices.

Low-cost caprolactam (CPL) has been introduced into one-step anti-solvent process to fabricate efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for the first time. It is found that CPL as a Lewis base has the weak coordination ability to Pb(II), and this weak interaction will be easily broken by either anti-solvent dripping or annealing owing to the steric effect, thus leading to a compact film with monolithic grains. Up to 19.2% power conversion efficiency (PCE) has been achieved. Especially, the PSCs exhibit superior stability in ambient condition, which PCE can be retained 95% of its initial PCE after 1200 h. Further investigation suggests that the residual CPL in the perovskite film can well passivate perovskite grain boundaries and the interface by its interaction with Pb2+ cations, thus leading to good anti-moisture and thermal stabilities of perovskite films. This work provides a new way to fabricate highly efficient, stable PSCs by adopting an appropriate Lewis base simultaneously for high quality perovskite films and passivation toward grain boundaries and interfaces.

We show that a surface acoustic wave (SAW) applied across the terminals of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) decreases both the (time-averaged) parallel and antiparallel resistances of the MTJ, with the latter decreasing much more than the former. This results in a decrease of the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio. The coercivities of the free and fixed layer of the MTJ, however, are not affected significantly, suggesting that the SAW does not cause large-angle magnetization rotation in the magnetic layers through the inverse magnetostriction (Villari) effect at the power levels used. This study sheds light on the dynamical behavior of an MTJ under periodic compressive and tensile strain.

The polymorphism of D-Mannitol (mannitol) is reviewed in this paper. It was found that the structure of the stable form is consistent in most literatures, but different authors have given different information about the two metastable forms. Therefore the commonly used nomenclature of mannitol was summarized based on the crystal unit cell parameters with the help of X-ray powder diffraction. Moreover, the crystal growth mechanism of mannitol polymorphs was summarized. Considering the lack of kinetic data for the metastable form especially, a reported method was attempted to apply to δ mannitol in an aqueous cooling crystallization process based on the induction time previously measured, and it was identified that the growth of the δ form follows the two-dimensional (2D) nucleation-mediated mechanism. The results also indicate that the method based on induction time and supersaturation should have the potential to be expanded to the metastable polymorphs for the growth property study in a bulk system.

The synthesis of high-activity nanocrystals (NCs) is a key factor in the field of nanocatalysis. By combining nucleation/growth with the dissolution of crystals in a reaction–diffusion system for the first time, we achieved a simple strategy for the one-step synthesis of high-activity uniform nanocatalysts without capping agents (CAs) via simply adjusting the reaction time of the wet chemical reaction (WCR). In this work, the shape evolution of hydrate tetraphenyl-porphyrin zinc (ZnTPP·H2O, ZnP) NCs was systematically studied during the reaction of their precursor with water. Regular, thermodynamic octahedral ZnP NCs can be synthesized at the 3rd hour, and typical rough step-type cuboctahedron NCs can be obtained after 3 days due to the occurrence of chemical dissolution in the multistep WCR. Our results reveal that the crystal dissolution process involves the disappearance of low-energy facets followed by the appearance of high-energy facets. Furthermore, ZnP/rubrene heterojunctions can be easily prepared based on the rough NCs. Compared with regular octahedral ZnP NCs and even nanosheets with more active {020} facets, the rough and heterostructured ZnP NCs exhibit higher performance in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE). These findings provide a convenient method to synthesize highly active nanocatalysts in a multistep WCR.

Despite hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being a common cancer globally, its initiation and progression are not well understood. The present study was designed to investigate the hub genes and biological processes of HCC, which change substantially during its progression. Three gene expression profiles of 480 patients with HCC were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Subsequent to performing functional annotations and constructing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, 657 differentially expressed genes were identified, which were subsequently used to screen candidate hub genes. PPI networks were modularized using the weighted gene correlation network analysis algorithm, the topological overlapping matrix and the hierarchical cluster tree, which were utilized via STRING. Clinical data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas were then analyzed to validate the experiments performed using six hub genes. Additionally, a transcription factor and microRNA-mRNA network were constructed to determine the potential regulatory mechanisms of six hub genes. The results revealed that the oxidation-reduction process and cell cycle associated processes were markedly involved in HCC progression. Six highly expressed genes, including cyclin B2, cell division cycle 20, mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 1, minichromosome maintenance complex component 2, centromere protein F and BUB mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B, were confirmed as hub genes and validated via experiments associated with cell division. These hub genes are necessary for confirmatory experiments and may be used in clinical gene therapy as biomarkers or drug targets.

To investigate the effects of Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) on depression- and anxiety-like behavior induced by experimental tooth movement (ETM) in rats.Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into a sham group (n = 12; rats underwent all operation procedures, except placement of orthodontic forces, and received saline treatment), ETM group (n = 12; rats received saline treatment and ETM), and DETM group (n = 12; rats received DSS [dose: 150 mg/kg twice daily from preoperative day 5 to postoperative day 7] treatment and ETM). The vacuous chewing movement (VCM) test, open-field test, and elevated plus maze test were performed to assess the depression- and anxiety-like behaviors of the rats.DSS pretreatment significantly decreased the ETM-induced VCM time (P 0.05, DETM vs. ETM), increased the ETM-induced time to the central area of experimental device during the 5 min open-field test (P 0.05, DETM vs. ETM), and increased the ratio of time spent in the open arms of the 5 min elevated plus maze test induced by ETM (P 0.01, DETM vs. ETM).DSS pretreatment can restore the impaired abilities of rats caused by ETM-induced depression- and anxiety-like behavior.ZIELSETZUNG: Untersucht werden sollten die Wirkungen von Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) auf depressions- und angstähnliches Verhalten bei Ratten, das durch experimentelle Zahnbewegungen (ETM) induziert wurde.Die Ratten wurden randomisiert in eine Sham- (n = 12; die Ratten wurden allen chirurgischen Eingriffen mit Ausnahme der Platzierung der kieferorthopädischen Kräfte unterzogen und erhielten eine Kochsalzlösung), eine ETM- (n = 12; die Ratten erhielten eine Kochsalzlösung und ETM) und eine DETM-Gruppe (n = 12; die Ratten erhielten DSS [Dosis: 150 mg/kg 2‑mal täglich] vom präoperativen Tag 5 bis zum postoperativen Tag 7 und ETM) eingeteilt. Der VCM(„vacuous chewing movement“)-, der Open-field- und der Elevated-plus-Labyrinth-Test wurden durchgeführt, um das depressions- und angstähnliche Verhalten der Ratten zu beurteilen.Die DSS-Vorbehandlung verringerte signifikant die ETM-induzierte VCM-Zeit (p 0,05, DETM vs. ETM), erhöhte die ETM-induzierte Zeit zum zentralen Bereich des Versuchsgeräts während des 5‑minütigen Open-field-Tests (p 0,05, DETM vs. ETM) und erhöhte den Anteil der Zeit, die in den offenen Armen des 5‑minütigen Elevated-plus-Labyrinth-Tests verbracht wurde, induziert durch ETM (p 0,01, DETM vs. ETM).Eine DSS-Vorbehandlung kann die beeinträchtigten Fähigkeiten der Ratten, die durch ETM-induzierte Depression und angstähnliches Verhalten verursacht werden, wiederherstellen.

In perovskite solar cells, the halide vacancy defects on the perovskite film surface/interface will instigate charge recombination, leading to a decrease in cell performance. In this study, cadmium sulfide (CdS) has been introduced into the precursor solution to reduce the halide vacancy defects and improve the cell performance. The highest efficiency of the device reaches 21.62%. Density functional theory calculation reveals that the incorporated Cd2+ ions can partially replace Pb2+ ions, thus forming a strong Cd-I bond and effectively reducing iodide vacancy defects (VI); at the same time, the loss of the charge recombination is significantly reduced because VI is filled by S2- ions. Besides, the substitution of Cd2+ for Pb2+ could increase the generation of PbI2, which can further passivate the grain boundary. Therefore, the stability of the cells, together with the efficiency of the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), is also improved, maintaining 87.5% of its initial PCEs after being irradiated over 410 h. This work provides a very effective strategy to passivate the surface/interface defects of perovskite films for more efficient and stable optoelectronic devices.

Due to the two-dimensional flexible structure and abundant pendant amine, graphitic-C3N4 (g-C3N4) may be easily modified by organic molecules as a promising photocatalyst for solar H-2 production from water. Here, through a simple liquid chemical reaction between g-C3N4 and the precursor of m-oxo dimeric iron(III) porphyrin [(FeTPP)(2)O], we provide a novel route to construct a pure organic heterostructure of g-C3N4/(FeTPP)(2)O on the basis of the pi-pi and the Fe-amine interactions. The experimental results demonstrated that (FeTPP)(2)O acted not just as a photosensitizer, but also played the role of a charge promotor to prohibit the recombination of the excited electrons and holes of g-C3N4. As compared to pure or mixed g-C3N4 and/or (FeTPP)(2)O, the obtained pure organic g-C3N4/(FeTPP)(2)O heterostructure exhibited dramatic photocatalytic H-2 production under solar light without any cocatalysts.

INTRODUCTION: Our previous experiments showed that the transient sodium current (I(Na)) was abnormally increased in early ischaemia and atorvastatin could inhibit I(Na). The aim of this study was to observe the time-dependent effects of simulated ischaemia on I(Na) and characterise the direct effects of atorvastatin on ischaemic I(Na). METHODS: Left ventricular myocytes were isolated from Wistar rats and randomly divided into two groups: a control group (normal to simulated ischaemia) and a statin group (normal to simulated ischaemia with 5 μmol/l atorvastatin). The I(Na) was recorded under normal conditions (as baseline) by wholecell patch clamp and recorded from three to 21 minutes in the next phase of simulated ischaemic conditions. RESULTS: In the control group, normalised I(Na) (at –40 mV) was increased to the peak (1.15 ± 0.08 mA) at three minutes of ischaemia compared with baseline (0.95 ± 0.04 mA, p < 0.01), it subsequently returned to baseline levels at nine and 11 minutes of ischaemia (0.98 ± 0.12 and 0.92 ± 0.12 mA, respectively), and persistently decreased with prolonged ischaemic time. In the statin group, there were no differences between baseline and the early stages of ischaemia (0.97 ± 0.04 mA at baseline vs 0.92 ± 0.12 mA in ischaemia for three minutes, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that, in the early stages of ischaemia, changes in I(Na) in ventricular myocytes are timedependent, showing an initial increase followed by a decrease, while atorvastatin inhibited the transient increase in I(Na) and made the change more gradual.

To develop novel hole-transport materials (HTMs) with less synthetic steps is still a great challenge. Here, a small molecule hexakis[4-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamino)phenyl]benzene (F-1) was successfully synthesized by a relatively simple scenario. F-1 exhibits a deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of −5.31 eV. Notably, F-1 also features 2 times higher hole mobility of 4.98 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1 than that of the mostly used 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Consequently, F-1-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show markedly improved performance compared with spiro-OMeTAD-based ones. These results indicate such a material can be a promising HTM candidate to boost the overall performance of the PSC.

Background The pain caused by orthodontic treatment has been considered as tough problems in orthodontic practice. There is substantial literature on pain which has exactly effected on learning and memory; orthodontic tooth movement affected the emotional status has been showed positive outcomes. Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription that has been used for pain treatment and analgesic effect for orthodontic pain via inhibiting the activations of neuron and glia. We raised the hypothesis that DSS could restore the impaired abilities of spatial learning and memory via regulating neuron or glia expression in the hippocampus. Methods A total of 36 rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) Sham group (n = 12), rats underwent all the operation procedure except for the placement of orthodontic forces and received saline treatment; (2) experimental tooth movement (ETM) group (n = 12), rats received saline treatment and ETM; (3) DSS + ETM (DETM) group (n = 12), rats received DSS treatment and ETM. All DETM group animals were administered with DSS at a dose of 150 mg/kg. Morris water maze test was evaluated; immunofluorescent histochemistry was used to identify astrocytes activation, and immunofluorescent dendritic spine analysis was used to identify the dendritic spines morphological characteristics expression levels in hippocampus. Results Maze training sessions during the 5 successive days revealed that ETM significantly deficits in progressive learning in rats, DSS that was given from day 5 prior to ETM enhanced progressive learning. The ETM group rats took longer to cross target quadrant during the probe trial and got less times to cross-platform than DETM group. The spine density in hippocampus in ETM group was significantly decreased compared to the sham group. In addition, thin and mature spine density were decreased too. However, the DSS administration could reverse the dendritic shrinkage and increase the spine density compared to the ETM group. Astrocytes activation showed the opposite trend in hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG). Conclusions Treatment with DSS could restore the impaired abilities on ETM-induced decrease of learning and memory behavior. The decreased spines density in the hippocampus and astrocytes activation in DG of hippocampus in the ETM group rats may be related with the decline of the ability of learning and memory. The ability to change the synaptic plasticity in hippocampus after DSS administration may be correlated with the alleviation of impairment of learn and memory after ETM treatment.

Herein we report luminescent materials of Ln 3+ (Ln = Eu or Tb) doped disc shaped zeolite L crystals (Eu 3+ /ZLD, Tb 3+ /ZLD) modified with a silylated terpyridine (Terpy-Si). The modified crystals show bright red emission and green emission under UV-light irradiation due to the energy transfer from the Terpy-Si to the Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ ions. The obtained materials were characterized with FT-IR, SEM, XRD and elemental analysis. Luminescence spectroscopy was used to study the luminescence properties of the modified Eu 3+ (Tb 3+ )/ZLD crystals. The formation of europium(III) and terbium(III) Terpy-Si silicon complexes and energy transfer from Terpy-Si to Eu 3+ ions and Tb 3+ have been confirmed by luminescence spectroscopy.