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Recently, the electrochemical treatment of wastewater polluted by recalcitrant organics and containing chlorides was shown to be significantly improved adopting proper operative conditions such as suitable anodes and cathodes and low current density. In particular, the use of suitable cathodes such as carbon felt or silver could increase the removal of TOC and reduce the formation of chlorinated by-products. In this study, attention was focused on the utilization of carbon felt cathodes with the main aim to evaluate the effect of air pressure on the process using phenol as model organic pollutant. It was shown that, in the presence of carbon felt cathode, the use of pressurized air allows both to increase the removal of TOC and to reduce the formation of chlorate. Moreover, the effect of the nature of the anode and of the presence of FeSO4, in order to study the involvement of electro-Fenton process, was evaluated.

A novel Pt/Ru–Ir oxide catalyst has been successfully synthesized for efficient anodic destruction of perfluorooctanoic acid, a refractory organic pollutant with significant environmental and human health concerns.

To investigate the predicted factors influencing the outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who received tirofiban after endovascular treatment (EVT) and the optimal administration of tirofiban.In this retrospective study, AIS patients who received EVT followed by tirofiban between January 2017 and October 2021 were enrolled. The dose and duration of tirofiban were adjusted by trained clinicians according to the patient's clinical status. A reduction of at least four points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) after tirofiban compared with that before tirofiban was defined as an effective response. A modified ranking scale (mRS) of 0-2 was defined as a favorable outcome at a 90-day follow-up.A total of 260 consecutive patients were enrolled, and 36.5% of patients achieved a favorable outcome. The modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) 2b-3 occurred in 93.5% of patients. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) occurred in 6.2% of patients, and the mortality at 90-day follow-up was 16.9%. Duration of tirofiban24 h (adjusted OR: 2.545; 95% CI: 1.008-6.423; p = 0.048) and effective response to tirofiban (adjusted OR: 25.562; 95% CI: 9.794-66.715; p 0.001) were related to the favorable outcome (mRS 0-2). Higher NIHSS (adjusted OR: 0.855; 95% CI: 0.809-0.904; p 0.001) and glucose level on admission (adjusted OR: 0.843; 95% CI: 0.731-0.971; p = 0.018) were predictive for the unfavorable outcome (mRS 3-6).An effective response to tirofiban is an independent factor in predicting the long-term efficacy outcome, and extending the duration of tirofiban is beneficial for neurological improvement.

Objectives To investigate the relationship between the initiation time of anticoagulation after endovascular treatment (EVT) and the outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF)-related acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods In this prospective registry study, from March 2013 to June 2022, patients with anterior circulation territories AF-related AIS who underwent EVT within 24 h were included. The primary outcome was favorable [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–1) at ninety days and the secondary outcome was hemorrhage events after anticoagulants. Factors affecting the outcomes were pooled into multivariate regression and ROC curve analysis. Results Of 234 eligible patients, there were 63 (26.9%) patients achieved a favorable outcome. The symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), ICH, and systemic hemorrhage events after anticoagulants occurred in 8 (3.4%), 28 (12.0%), and 39 (16.7%) patients, severally. A longer EVT to anticoagulation time (p = 0.033) was associated with an unfavorable outcome (mRS 3–6). An earlier EVT to anticoagulation time was the independent risk factor of sICH (p = 0.043), ICH (p = 0.005), and systemic hemorrhage (p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in recurrent AIS/ transient ischemic attack (TIA) or mortality among patients who started anticoagulation at ≤ 4 days, ≥ 15 days, or 4 to 15 days. The optimum cut-off for initiating anticoagulants to predict a favorable outcome and hemorrhage events was 4.5 days and 3.5 days after EVT, respectively. Conclusions In AF-related AIS, the time of EVT to anticoagulation is an independent factor of the functional outcome and hemorrhage events after anticoagulation. The optimal initiate time of anticoagulant after EVT is 4.5 days. ClinicalTrialRegister NCT03754738.

In the last years, an increasing attention has been devoted to the utilization of anodic oxidation (AO) technologies for the treatment of wastewater polluted by recalcitrant organics. Recently, Ti4O7 was proposed as a promising anode for AO for the treatment of various organics. Here the potential utilization of commercial Ti4O7 anodes has been evaluated considering the electrochemical treatment of synthetic wastewater contaminated by three very different organic molecules (namely, oxalic acid, phenol and Acid Orange 7), all characterized by a very high resistance to AO. The performances of Ti4O7 were compared with that of two largely investigated anodes: Boron-doped diamond (BDD), which is probably the most effective electrode for AO, and an Ir-based anode which presents a relatively low cost. Moreover, the effect of various operative conditions (current density, mixing rate and initial concentration of the organic) was evaluated by both experimental studies and the adoption of a theoretical model previously developed for BDD anodes. It was shown that the performances of the process can be improved by a proper selection of operative conditions. Moreover, it was found that the proposed model can be effectively used to predict the effect of operative parameters at Ti4O7 anodes, thus helping the process optimization.

Chemical solidification based on cement is one of the most widely used methods to treat marine dredged silt (DS) with very poor engineering properties. This study investigated the strength and micr...

C-N bond formation takes on a critical significance in reactions of organic synthesis, material production and pharmaceutical manufactory. Chan-Lam has proposed a useful methodology to furnish secondary arylamides under mild conditions. However, when chiral sulfinamides serve as the coupling precursors, the Cu-catalyzed coupling reaction is found with low efficacy. Complex side-products are generated under classic conditions. Moreover, it led to the racemization of the coupling product. In this study, an optimized Ni-catalyzed Chan-Lam type coupling conditions were proposed, which resulted in clean conversion from chiral sulfinamides and arylboronic acids to offer N-aryl sulfinamides efficiently and enantioretentively. The trans-N

ObjectivesAnticoagulation therapy for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) with antithrombin (AT) deficiency due toSERPINC1mutation does not often yield the expected outcomes. Argatroban may be effective for thrombophilia caused bySERPINC1mutation. However, argatroban resistance deserves attention.MethodsWe report a case of a 19-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital with sudden headache, nausea, vomiting, and eye swelling for 3 days. Brain MRI on admission showed multifocal CVST.ResultsSERPINC1mutation (exon1, c.40delA: [p.R14Gfs*17]) combined with hereditary AT deficiency (AT activity was 50% [reference range: 80%–120%]) was detected in this patient. A high dose of anticoagulation treatment with argatroban did not improve the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) level to the target range (1.5–3 times over the initial baseline level) for this case. We chose adjunctive anticoagulation (argatroban-combined low-molecular-weight heparin), and the APTT gradually reached the target level. At 3-month follow-up, no recurrence of headache or any systemic hemorrhage was found and the ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath showed normal. Magnetic resonance black blood thrombosis imaging suggested thrombus absorption.DiscussionArgatroban resistance may be associated with thrombin receptor saturation and deserves attention. The use of adjunctive anticoagulants may be the optimum strategy during acute and subacute phases of CVST with AT deficiency due toSERPINC1mutation.

Electrocatalytic oxidation is regarded as an effective technique for decomposing refractory organic compounds like perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). However, achieving highly efficient and long-life electrodes is still a great challenge. Herein, Ti/RuO

Humic-like substances are essential components of soluble organic matter in tannery wastewater. However, the tannery process can promote the abiotic humification in wastewater. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the pathway and degree of abiotic humification and the properties of the as-derived humic acid-like (HAL) complex polymers in the tannery process in order to control the refractory organic compounds. In the present study, considering the catechol-Maillard system and commercial humic acid (HA) as control, the polyphenol-Maillard humification in the tannery process was simulated under the catalysis of MnO2. Moreover, physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the separated fractions of HAL further. As a result, it was found that the catechol-Maillard system with small molecule organic matter as precursor had higher humification degree. Furthermore, the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectrum of humic acid-like 0 (HAL0) derived from it was different from those of humic acid-like 1 and 2 (HAL1 and HAL2) of polyphenol-Maillard system, indicating the differences of polymer structure between them. In the polyphenol-Maillard system, tannin was the skeleton of polymerization or polycondensation reaction, and the high content of N and the H/C value of HAL2 indicated that in adding to amino acids, proteins promoted the humification, forming industry-specific HAL polymers with a high degree of aliphatic nature. Therefore, it can be concluded that controlling the raw materials in the tannery process (especially tannins), in order to reduce the occurrence of abiotic humification may be the key to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment.

Pyrethroids are increasingly receiving attention as aqueous micropollutants, but their presence has been reported only in a few small coastal areas. In this study, we investigated the distribution, sources, and risks of nine pyrethroids in large marine zones. The 40 seawater samples were collected from the South Yellow Sea (SYS) and East China Sea (ECS) in China, during the spring of 2020, using a high-volume, solid-phase extraction method. The total pyrethroid concentrations ranged from 0.72 to 1.82 ng L

A dancing worm was found in the abdominal drainage tube of a patient with cholangiocarcinoma, who had just been given percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage administration 3 days earlier. After the oral administration of praziquantel, another motile adult and two dead damaged adults were expelled. What are they?

The photochemical behavior of organic pollutants in ice is poorly studied in comparison to aqueous photochemistry. Here we report a detailed comparison of ice and aqueous photodegradation of two representative OH-PAHs, 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFL) and 9-hydroxyfluorene (9-OHFL), which are newly recognized contaminants in the wider environment including colder regions. Interestingly, their photodegradation kinetics were clearly influenced by whether they reside in ice or water. Under the same simulated solar irradiation (λ > 290 nm), OHFLs photodegraded faster in ice than in equivalent aqueous solutions and this was attributed to the specific concentration effect caused by freezing. Furthermore, the presence of dissolved constituents in ice also influenced photodegradation with 2-OHFL phototransforming the fastest in ‘seawater’ ice (k = (11.4 ± 1.0) × 10−2 min−1) followed by ‘pure-water’ ice ((8.7 ± 0.4) × 10−2 min−1) and ‘freshwater’ ice ((8.0 ± 0.7) × 10−2 min−1). The presence of dissolved constituents (specifically Cl−, NO3−, Fe(III) and humic acid) influences the phototransformation kinetics, either enhancing or suppressing phototransformation, but this is based on the quantity of the constituent present in the matrixes, the specific OHFL isomer and the matrix type (e.g., ice or aqueous solution). Careful derivation of key photointermediates was undertaken in both ice and water samples using tandem mass spectrometry. Ice phototransformation exhibited fewer by-products and ‘simpler’ pathways giving rise to a range of hydroxylated fluorenes and hydroxylated fluorenones in ice. These results are of importance when considering the fate of PAHs and OH-PAHs in cold regions and their persistence in sunlit ice.

BackgroundDespite the continuing effort in investigating the preventive therapies for stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP), which is closely associated with unfavorable outcomes, conclusively effective therapy for the prevention of SAP is still lacking. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has been proven to improve the survival in the sepsis model and inflammatory responses have been indicated as important mechanisms involved in the multi-organ protection effect of RIC. This study aimed to assess the safety and the preliminary efficacy of RIC in the prevention of SAP in patients with acute ischemic stroke.MethodsWe performed a proof-of-concept, pilot open-label randomized controlled trial. Eligible patients (age > 18 years) within 48 h after stroke onset between March 2019 and October 2019 with acute ischemic stroke were randomly allocated (1:1) to the RIC group and the control group. All participants received standard medical therapy. Patients in the RIC group underwent RIC twice daily for 6 consecutive days. The safety outcome included any adverse events associated with RIC procedures. The efficacy outcome included the incidence of SAP, changes of immunological profiles including mHLA-DR, TLR-2, and TLR-4 as well as other plasma parameters from routine blood tests.ResultsIn total, 46 patients aged 63.1 ± 12.5 years, were recruited (23 in each group). Overall, 19 patients in the RIC group and 22 patients in the control group completed this study. No severe adverse event was attributed to RIC procedures. The incidence of SAP was lower in the remote ischemic conditioning group (2 patients [10.5%]) than that in the control group (6 patients [27.3%]), but no significant difference was detected in both univariate and multivariate analysis (p = 0.249 and adjusted p = 0.666). No significance has been found in this pilot trial in the level of immunological profiles HLA-DR, TLR4 and TLR2 expressed on monocytes as well as blood parameters tested through routine blood tests between the two groups (p > 0.05). The IL-6 and IL-1β levels at day 5 after admission in the RIC group were lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05).InterpretationThis proof-of-concept pilot randomized controlled trial was to investigate RIC as a prevention method for SAP. Remote ischemic conditioning is safe in the prevention of SAP in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The preventive effect of RIC on SAP should be further validated in future studies.

A composite material VOx/g-C3N4 was prepared and its composition and structure was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS. The results showed that VOx was grafted on g-C3N4 surface with molecularlevel dispersion via V or O atoms interacting with the characteristic groups on g-C3N4 surface. The highly dispersed VOx/g-C3N4 exhibited effectively catalytic activity and high selectivity for oxidation of methanol into methoxymethane (DMM), giving 44.9 mol/(molV·h) TOF and 95.2% selectivity of DMM. The dependence of catalytic activity on the surface properties and preparation procedure of the catalyst, reaction conditions and kinetics, and the stability of the catalyst were explored. Also, the in situ DRIFTS spectra of methanol adsorption on the VOx/g-C3N4 surface and effect of O2 on the adsorption, as well as the reaction mechanism were discussed.

The aim of this work was to study a new type of high efficiency cathode material using hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) to modify activated carbon fibers. Compared to the cathode prior to modification, the H2O2 output (up to 9.9 mg L−1) showed an increase, and the energy consumption (8.9 kWh kg−1) was reduced. Since it is a thin layer sheet, the synthesized HPC had many carbon particles, a high surface area, and the oxygen reduction reaction had a much higher electrocatalytic activity. In addition, the material also has a good content of sp3-C, defects, and fast mass transfer. These characteristics promoted the production of H2O2 when using the optimal proportion of HPC, and electricity generation of hydrogen peroxide showed a tenfold improvement. Additionally, after being reused 5 times, the modified cathode still demonstrated stable performance. A series of characterization analyses to further demonstrate the superiority of this electrode found that the presence of HPC accelerates the electron transfer rate and facilitates oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) on the electrode surface. When this cathode is used in an electro-Fenton system, phenol can be almost completely degraded, and up to 93.8% of the organic carbon was removed, which is a 5 fold increase compared to the ACF. The use of the HPC-loaded cathode in the EF system significantly strengthened the yield of hydrogen peroxide and effectively degraded organic pollutants with a lower energy consumption.

It might be of practical significance to recover different metals from the already complicated waste spent lithium-ion battery (LIB) stream by simplified recycling processes. This study is, therefore, focused on the exploration of a simplified process for the simultaneous recovery of different metals from waste cathode materials of mixed types of spent LIBs. It is discovered that the leaching agent phosphoric acid demonstrates natural repulsion for Fe, while valuable metals such as Ni, Co, Mn, and Li can be completely dissolved under optimized leaching conditions, indicating a coupling reaction of selective leaching and precipitating for valuable metals and iron, respectively. Characterization results indicate valuable metal-enriched solution and pure FePO4 in leaching solution and residue, respectively. Kinetics and dynamics studies suggest that the leaching of valuable metals is co-controlled by chemical reaction and internal diffusion, accompanying a spontaneous formation of FePO4. Then, new cathode materials LiFePO4 and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 with sound electrochemical performances can be re-fabricated from leaching residues and lixivium, respectively, and phosphoric acid can be regenerated during the co-precipitating of valuable metals. This entire recycling process can be a highly selective, closed-loop and simplified alternative for recycling different metals from the current most complicated waste LIB stream.

Hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal energy has many advantages, such as being renewable, clean, widely distributed, and without time and weather limitations. Hydraulic fracturing is usually needed for the exploitation of HDR geothermal energy. It has many hidden faults in the reservoir/caprock sequences. Injecting fluid into underground formations during hydraulic fracturing often induces fault slip and leads to earthquakes. Therefore, to well understand the induced fault slip and earthquakes is important for the applications and development of HDR geothermal exploitation. In this study, we investigated the hazardous injection area of the induced earthquakes during hydraulic fracturing. The study was based on a hydraulic fracturing test in Qiabuqia geothermal field in China. According to the field, a fault-surrounding rock-fracturing region system was developed to study the influences of fluid injection on the stability of the specific fault. A total of 60 hydraulic fracturing regions and 180 numerical experiments were designed. The results revealed that the hazardous injection regions that threaten the fault’s stability were near to the fault and concentrated on the following four areas: (a) above the top of the fault in underlying strata; (b) above the top of the hanging wall of the fault in underlying strata; (c) near to the fault planes in both footwall and hanging wall; (d) at the bottom of the footwall of the fault in underlying strata. The hazardous injection area can be controlled effectively by adjusting the injection pressure.

Halophytes have been studied as a model for morphological traits of adaptation to saline environments. However, little information has been given on plant growth, chlorophyll fluorescence responses, and change of ion content in halophytes grown in an aniline&ndash, salinity coexistent environment. This study hypothesized that aniline could induce alterations in plant growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and ion content in Suaeda salsa, but salinity could promote the tolerance of halophytes to aniline. A 6 (aniline) &times, 3 (NaCl) factorial experiment (for a total of 18 treatments) was conducted to test the above hypothesis. After 30 d of cultivation, roots and shoots were harvested separately to analyze the effects of salinity on the seedling growth under aniline stress. Biomass accumulation was inhibited by aniline treatment, and the inhibition was significantly alleviated by 200 mM NaCl. The change in chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves with aniline stress was moderated by the addition of NaCl. The removal efficiency of aniline was significantly enhanced by moderate salinity. Aniline stress decreased the accumulation of Mg2+, but various concentrations of NaCl increased the accumulation of Mg2+, especially with 200 mM NaCl in both roots and shoots. Both aniline and salinity decreased the content of Ca2+. There was a negative correlation between the K+ and NaCl concentrations and between the Cl&minus, and aniline concentrations. Our results indicated that Suaeda salsa may be suitable for the remediation of salinity and aniline-enriched wastewater.

Based on the concept of microbial community multi-processing in integrated spatial bacterial succession (ISBS), this study constructs a highly efficient cellular fixed-bed bioreactor that follows the growth of biological flora in the wastewater treatment process. The reactor is organically partitioned based on synergistic laws and in accordance with environmental and microbial metabolic changes, and sewage is subjected to unitized and specialized biological treatment under direct current conditions. The results show that the ISBS reactor exhibits stable nitrogen removal performance under a low-carbon source. Compared with traditional sewage biochemical treatment technology, the microbial concentration is increased by 2&ndash, 3 times and even up to 12 times, and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is maintained at 99%. The removal rate reaches 90% (hydraulic retention time of 14 h). High-throughput sequencing analysis based on 16S rDNA reveals the microbial community structure succession at different depths of the same section of the reactor. The microbial community is rich under the influence of environmental factors and exhibits different responses. The intervals vary. An analysis of the microbial community function explains why the ISBS reactor has high nitrogen removal efficiency.

Wastewater from printing and dyeing processes often contains aniline and high salinity, which are hazardous to aquatic species. Glycophytic plants cannot survive under high-salinity conditions, whereas halophytes grow well in such an environment. In this study, we investigated the influence of NaCl on the antioxidant level in Suaeda salsa affected by aniline stress. The seedlings showed various growth toxicity effects under different concentrations of aniline. The results showed that the effect of the aniline was more severe for the root growth compared to that for the shoot growth. Aniline exposure significantly increased the total free radicals and ·OH radicals in the plants. Suaeda salsa exposure to aniline caused oxidative stress by altering the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activity, which resulted in the overproduction of H2O2 and the inducement of lipid peroxidation. Analysis revealed that the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was enhanced after aniline exposure and that the chlorophyll content was significantly decreased. The results showed that aniline induced the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and changed the antioxidant defense system. This ultimately resulted in oxidative damage in S. salsa; however, it was found that moderate salinity could mitigate the effects. In conclusion, salinity may alleviate the growth inhibition caused by aniline by regulating the antioxidant capacity of S. salsa.

Data and information supplementary to that already reported in the main text