103 results on '"Hongnan Liu"'
Search Results
2. Improving gut functions and egg nutrition with stevia residue in laying hens
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Mengxuan Tang, Juan Zhao, Yuliang Wu, Chu Yu, Can Peng, Hongnan Liu, Yadong Cui, Wei Lan, Yong Lin, Xiangfeng Kong, and Xia Xiong
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stevia residue ,gut morphology and microbiota ,immune responses ,laying hens ,fatty acid ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the effect of stevia residue (STER) on the production performance, egg quality and nutrition, antioxidant ability, immune responses, gut morphology and microbiota of laying hens during the peak laying period. A total of 270 Yikoujingfen NO. 8 laying hens (35 wk of age) were randomly divided into 5 treatments. The control group fed a basal diet and groups supplemented with 2, 4, 6, and 8% STER. The results showed that STER significantly increased egg production, the content of amino acids (alanine, proline, valine, ornithine, asparagine, aspartic acid, and cysteine) in egg whites, and decreased the yolk color (P < 0.05). Additionally, STER significantly increased acetate, HOMOγ linolenic acid and cis-13, 16-docosadienoic acid levels in egg yolk (P < 0.05). IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 levels in serum significantly increased by STER (P < 0.05), while IL-1β significantly decreased (P < 0.05). STER also increased total antioxidant activity (T-AOC) in the liver and estradiol level in the oviduct (P < 0.05), but decreased the cortisol level in the oviduct (P < 0.05). For the intestinal morphology, the jejunal villus height and crypt-to-villus (V:C) significantly increased by STER (P < 0.05). STER increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota (P < 0.05), while deceased Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota, and Synergistota (P < 0.05). In conclusion, STER improved egg production, quality and nutrition, improved the immune responses, antioxidant capabilities, estrogen level, gut morphology, and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria while decreased the harmful bacteria. Among all treatments, 4 and 6% STER supplementation yielded the most favorable results in terms of enhancing production performance, egg nutrition, gut health, and immune capabilities in laying hens.
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- 2024
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3. Peppermint extract improves egg production and quality, increases antioxidant capacity, and alters cecal microbiota in late-phase laying hens
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Miaomiao Bai, Hongnan Liu, Yihui Zhang, Shanshan Wang, Yirui Shao, Xia Xiong, Xin Hu, Rongyao Yu, Wei Lan, Yadong Cui, and Xiangfeng Kong
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laying hens ,peppermint extract ,egg production and quality ,antioxidant capacity ,cecal microbiota ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
IntroductionPeppermint contains substantial bioactive ingredients belonging to the phytoestrogens, and its effects on the production of late-laying hens deserve more attention. This study evaluated the effects of dietary peppermint extract (PE) supplementation on egg production and quality, yolk fatty acid composition, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microbiota in late-phase laying hens.MethodPE powder was identified by UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Two hundred and sixteen laying hens (60 weeks old) were randomly assigned to four treatments, each for 28 days: (i) basal diet (control group, CON); (ii) basal diet + 0.1% PE; (iii) basal diet + 0.2% PE; and (iv) basal diet + 0.4% PE. Egg, serum, and cecal samples were collected for analysis.ResultsDietary PE supplementation increased the laying rate, serum triglyceride, immunoglobulin G, and total antioxidant capacity, while 0.2 and 0.4% PE supplementation increased eggshell thickness, serum total protein level, and superoxide dismutase activity of laying hens compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). PE addition in diets increased the C14:0, C18:3n3, C18:3n6, C23:0, C24:0, and C24:1n9 contents in the yolk. In addition, the egg yolk saturated fatty acid content was higher (P < 0.05) in the 0.2 and 0.4% PE groups compared with the CON and 0.1% PE groups. The microbiota analysis revealed that the cecal phylum Proteobacteria was decreased (P < 0.05) in the PE-supplemented groups. A total of 0.4% PE supplementation increased the cecal richness of gram-positive bacteria and decreased the richness of gram-negative and potentially pathogenic bacteria compared with the 0.1% PE group (P < 0.05). Microbial function prediction analysis showed that the cecal microbiota of the PE group was mainly enriched by fatty acid degradation, fatty acid metabolism, amino sugar metabolism, nucleotide sugar metabolism, and other pathways. Regression analysis suggested that 0.28–0.36% PE supplementation was the optimal level for improving egg production and quality, antioxidant capacity, and yolk fatty acid in late-phase laying hens.DiscussionDietary PE supplementation improved egg production and quality (including yolk fatty acid composition) by increasing serum IgG and antioxidant capacity and modulating the intestinal microbiota in late-phase laying hens.
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- 2023
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4. Determination of Material and Interaction Properties of Granular Fertilizer Particles Using DEM Simulation and Bench Testing
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Xiaolong Lei, Wencheng Wu, Xuan Deng, Tao Li, Hongnan Liu, Jinyue Guo, Ju Li, Peixu Zhu, and Ke Yang
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granular compound fertilizer ,DEM simulation ,interaction properties ,angle of repose ,coefficient of restitution ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The discrete element method (DEM) is an effective tool for obtaining qualitative and quantitative information on particle motion, which aids in the design and optimization of agricultural equipment structures. The accuracy of the DEM simulation parameters significantly impacts the simulation results. This study employed a combination of high-speed camera measurement, DEM simulation, and validation tests to determine the material and interaction property parameters for fertilizer particles. The basic parameters (triaxial size, bulk density, density, and coefficient of static friction) and coefficients of restitution between fertilizer and material were measured for three fertilizer varieties. There was a significant difference in the angle of repose between various material plates and fertilizer particles. The calibration values of coefficients of restitution and coefficients of rolling friction between fertilizer particles were optimized using the Box–Behnken method. The angle of repose was significantly affected by the coefficient of static friction and the coefficient of rolling friction between the fertilizer particles. The determined values for the coefficient of restitution, coefficient of static friction, and coefficient of rolling friction between the fertilizer particles were 0.323, 0.381, and 0.173, respectively. The error in the angle of the repose test was less than 3.0%, and the variation coefficient for each row consistency was less than 1.68 percentage points under the optimal simulation parameters. DEM simulations of the angle of repose and each row consistency variation coefficient test using the measured parameters can accurately predict the experimental results. The findings of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the DEM study of fertilizer particles.
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- 2023
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5. A water-soluble β-glucan improves growth performance by altering gut microbiome and health in weaned pigs
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Yuliang Wu, Xue Li, Hongnan Liu, Yanjun Du, Jian Zhou, Lijun Zou, Xia Xiong, Huilin Huang, Zhiliang Tan, and Yulong Yin
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Beta-glucan ,Small intestine ,Weaned pig ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
Beta-glucan has been shown to have a beneficial effect on gastrointestinal health. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of β-glucan isolated from Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 on growth performance and intestinal health of weaning pigs. A total of 108 weaned pigs (21 d of age; 6.05 ± 0.36 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups (6 pens/group; 6 pigs/pen), and the groups were each treated with the following diets: 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg olaquindox, 3) basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg β-glucan, for 21 d. Compared with the control group, pigs fed with 200 mg/kg β-glucan had greaterBW, average daily gain and duodenal villus height to crypt depth ratio (P
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- 2021
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6. Effects of simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on antioxidant activities and potential bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from K. coccinea fruits
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Xiaochen Luo, Miaomiao Tian, Yingying Cheng, Caizhe Ji, Shende Hu, Hongnan Liu, Jun Lu, and Jiali Ren
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Kadsura coccinea ,antioxidant capacity ,simulate in vitro digestion ,bioaccessibility ,phenolic compounds ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
The changes of bioactive substances in peels and sarcocarps of three different varieties of Kadsura coccinea (Dahong, Fenhong, and Zihei) were evaluated by an in vitro simulation model. In this study, three varieties of K. coccinea fruits were digested in vitro to compare the changes and differences in antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) and bioaccessibility. The results showed that before digestion the highest content of total phenolics (TPC) (2.265 ± 0.127 mg GAE/g DW) and the highest content of flavonoids contents (TFC) (10.379 ± 0.093 mg GAE/g DW) were found in Fenhong fruit. The highest release of TPC and TFC after simulated gastric digestion was observed in the Dahong and Zihei sarcocarp, which increased by 98.7 and 20%, respectively. During oral and intestinal digestion, the content of bioactive compounds showed a decreasing trend. The radical scavenging ability of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), [2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline) (ABTS)] sulfonic acid free radical scavenging ability, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) results showed that the antioxidant capacity of K. coccinea fruits increased most significantly (26.9∼181%) in gastric digestion stage and then decreased after intestinal digestion stage. The recoveries of TPC and TFC were all increased after whole simulated digestion, as well as their bioaccessibility in sarcocarps was higher than those in peels, especially for the bioaccessibility of TPC and TFC in Dahong reached 50.53 and 48.19%, respectively. These results indicated that the peel and sarcocarp of K. coccinea had good antioxidant activity, with high bioaccessibility of phenolics could be a promising antioxidant source for the food industry.
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- 2022
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7. Mesalamine-Mediated Amelioration of Experimental Colitis in Piglets Involves Gut Microbiota Modulation and Intestinal Immune Cell Infiltration
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Yonggang Huang, Miaomiao Wu, Hao Xiao, Hongnan Liu, and Guan Yang
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colitis ,gut microbiota ,immune cells ,mesalamine ,piglet ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Mesalamine (MES), also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid, is effective in treating mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). The mechanisms of its actions are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MES treatment on intestinal microbiota and immune system in an dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model in postweaning piglets. Eighteen weaned piglets were assigned randomly to the following treatments: control group (CON, distilled water), DSS group (DSS, 3% DSS), and MES group (MES, 3% DSS + 2 g/day MES). Our results showed that MES treatment alleviates DSS-induced colitis in piglets, as evidenced by a reduced diarrhea index score and increased average daily gain (P < 0.05). This is accompanied by decreased diamine oxidase activity, D-lactate level (P < 0.05), and attenuated mucosal damage. MES treatment also decreased the abundance of Methanogens and reduced colon CD11b+ macrophage and CD3+ T-cell infiltrations in piglets with DSS-induced colitis (P < 0.05). Collectively, these data indicate that MES treatment-mediated colitis protection may involve microbiota and immune cell alterations.
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- 2022
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8. Imbalanced dietary methionine-to-sulfur amino acid ratio can affect amino acid profiles, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology of piglets
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Miaomiao Bai, Lei Wang, Hongnan Liu, Kang Xu, Jinping Deng, Ruilin Huang, and Yulong Yin
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Animal protein source ,Methionine-to-sulfur amino acid ratio ,Antioxidant capacity ,Intestinal morphology ,Piglet ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
Animal protein sources such as fishmeal and plasma powder are excellent and indispensable sources of energy, amino acids, and minerals in animal production. Amino acid imbalance, especially methionine-to-sulfur amino acid (Met:SAA) ratio, caused by an imbalance of animal protein meal leads to growth restriction. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of imbalanced Met:SAA ratio supplementation of different animal protein source diets on growth performance, plasma amino acid profiles, antioxidant capacity and intestinal morphology in a piglet model. Twenty-four weaned piglets (castrated males; BW = 10.46 ± 0.34 kg), assigned randomly into 3 groups (8 piglets/group), were fed for 28 d. Three experimental diets of equal energy and crude protein levels were as follows: 1) a corn-soybean basal diet with a Met:SAA ratio at 0.51 (BD); 2) a plasma powder diet with a low Met:SAA ratio at 0.41 (L-MR); 3) a fishmeal diet with a high Met:SAA ratio at 0.61 (H-MR). Results revealed that compared to BD, L-MR significantly decreased (P
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- 2020
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9. Modulating Effect of Paeonol on Piglets With Ulcerative Colitis
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Shanshan Wang, Miaomiao Bai, Qingyan Shu, Zhengan Liu, Yirui Shao, Kang Xu, Xia Xiong, Hongnan Liu, and Yao Li
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paeonol ,ulcerative colitis ,inflammatory factors ,intestinal flora ,intestinal barrier ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Piglet enteritis is a major problem that needs to be solved urgently in modern pig production. Paeonol (Pae) has been used as a novel treatment option due to its good medicinal value. This study purported to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of Pae on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in weaned piglets. A total of 36 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) weaned piglets were stochastically split into six groups: the control group, DSS group, 0.2% Pae group, 0.4% Pae group, 0.8% Pae group, and mesalazine group. The control and DSS groups were fed with a basic diet, the three Pae and mesalazine groups were fed with 0.2, 0.4, 0.8%, and 2 g mesalazine per kilogram of basic diet throughout the study. On the 15th day of the test period, the control group was gavaged with 10 ml of normal saline, while the remaining five groups were gavaged with 10 ml 5% DSS solution for 13 days. The study lasted for 27 days. The results showed that the 0.8% Pae group significantly increased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and Occludin mRNA expression in the colon of piglets (P < 0.05). The 0.2% Pae group markedly increased the average daily gain (ADG) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) mRNA expression (P < 0.05). In the 0.2% and 0.4% Pae groups, the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) was significantly reduced and the mRNA expression levels of Caspase-8, respectively, markedly enhanced the mRNA expression levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukins-4 (IL-4) (P < 0.05). In the 0.8% Pae group, the relative abundance of Campilobacterota was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). In the 0.4% Pae group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was notably increased (P < 0.05). In the 0.2 and 0.8% Pae groups, the relative abundance of Prevotella was markedly increased (P < 0.05). In the 0.2% Pae group, the contents of propionic acid, butyric acid, and valerate acid were markedly higher (P < 0.05). Thus, it is speculated that Pae may regulate the balance of anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory factors, improve intestinal tight junction expression, reduce apoptosis, and improve intestinal microflora structure and growth performance of piglets, thereby restoring intestinal barrier function and alleviating DSS-induced UC in piglets.
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- 2022
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10. The Effect of an Essential Oil Blend on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Microbiota in Early-Weaned Piglets
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Yirui Shao, Qingyun Peng, Yuliang Wu, Changfeng Peng, Shanshan Wang, Lijun Zou, Ming Qi, Can Peng, Hongnan Liu, Rui Li, Xia Xiong, and Yulong Yin
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carvacrol ,thymol ,cinnamaldehyde ,weaning stress ,intestinal epithelial development ,intestinal immunity ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Essential oils (EO) are promising feed additives for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and immune-enhancing abilities with low toxicity. Carvacrol, thymol, and cinnamaldehyde are commonly used to synthesize EO. However, few studies focus on combining these three EO in early-weaned piglets. In the present study, 24 piglets weaned at 21 d of age were randomly divided into 2 groups (6 replicate pens per group, 2 piglets per pen). The piglets were fed a basal diet (the control group) and a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg EO (a blend consisting of carvacrol, thymol, and cinnamaldehyde, the EO group) for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, one piglet per pen was randomly chosen to be sacrificed. Growth performance, hematology, plasma biochemical indices, antioxidant capacity, intestinal epithelial development and immunity, colonic volatile fatty acids (VFA), and microbiota were determined. The results indicated that the diet supplemented with EO significantly improved average daily feed intake (ADFI, p < 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG, p < 0.05) in the day 0 to 28 period. EO supplementation led to a significant decrease in plasma lysozyme (p < 0.05) and cortisol levels (p < 0.01). Additionally, EO significantly promoted jejunal goblet cells in the villus, jejunal mucosa ZO-1 mRNA expression, ileal villus height, and ileal villus height/crypt depth ratio in piglets (p < 0.05). The ileal mucosal TLR4 and NFκB p-p65/p65 protein expression were significantly inhibited in the EO group (p < 0.05). Colonic digesta microbiota analysis revealed that bacteria involving the Erysipelotrichaceae family, Holdemanella genus, Phascolarctobacterium genus, and Vibrio genus were enriched in the EO group. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the EO blend improves ADG and ADFI in the day 0 to 28 period, as well as intestinal epithelial development and intestinal immunity in early-weaned piglets, which provides a theoretical basis for the combined use of EO in weaned piglets.
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- 2023
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11. Dietary Moutan Cortex Radicis Improves Serum Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Immunity and Alters Colonic Microbiota in Weaned Piglets
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Miaomiao Bai, Hongnan Liu, Shanshan Wang, Qingyan Shu, Kang Xu, Jian Zhou, Xia Xiong, Ruilin Huang, Jinping Deng, Yulong Yin, and Zheng'an Liu
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Moutan cortex radicis ,antioxidant capacity ,intestinal microbiota ,NF-κB signaling ,weaned piglets ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Background:Moutan cortex radicis (MCR), as a common traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used as an antipyretic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory agent in China.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary MCR supplementation on the antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of the pigs and to explore whether MCR exerts positive effects on intestinal health via regulating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota.Methods: MCR powder was identified by LC-MS analysis. Selected 32 weaned piglets (21 d of age, 6.37 ± 0.10 kg average BW) were assigned (8 pens/diet, 1 pig/pen) to 4 groups and fed with a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 mg/kg MCR for 21 d. After the piglets were sacrificed, antioxidant indices, histomorphology examination, and inflammatory signaling pathway expression were assessed. The 16s RNA sequencing was used to analyze the effects of MCR on the intestinal microbiota structure of piglets.Results: Supplemental 4,000 mg/kg MCR significantly increased (P < 0.05) the average daily weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), total antioxidative capability, colonic short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations, and the crypt depth in the jejunum but decreased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression levels of interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, inhibiting kappa-B kinase β (IKKβ), inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B (IκBα), and NF-κB in the jejunum and ileum. Microbiota sequencing identified that MCR supplementation significantly increased the microbial richness indices (Chao1, ACE, and observed species, P < 0.05) and the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus (P < 0.05), decreased the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae, and Enterococcus (P < 0.05) and had no significant effects on the diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson, P > 0.05). Microbial metabolic phenotypes analysis also showed that the richness of aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, oxidative stress tolerance, and biofilm forming were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the richness of anaerobic bacteria and pathogenic potential of gut microbiota were reduced (P < 0.05) by MCR treatment. Regression analysis showed that the optimal MCR supplemental level for growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of weaned piglets was 3,420 ~ 4,237 mg/kg.Conclusions: MCR supplementation improved growth performance and serum antioxidant capacity, and alleviated intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway and affecting intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets.
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- 2021
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12. Effects of coated cysteamine hydrochloride on muscle fiber characteristics and amino acid composition of finishing pigs
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Miaomiao Bai, Hongnan Liu, Kang Xu, Rong Yu, Abimbola Oladele Oso, Jinping Deng, and Yulong Yin
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Coated Cysteamine Hydrochloride ,Finishing Pigs ,Muscle Fiber ,Amino Acids ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Animal biochemistry ,QP501-801 - Abstract
Objective This experiment was designed to determine the effects of coated cysteamine hydrochloride (CC) on muscle fiber characteristics, amino acid composition and transporters gene expression in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of finishing pigs. Methods Two hundred and sixteen Duroc/Landrace/Yorkshire cross-bred male finishing pigs were fed with a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0, 70, and 140 mg/kg cysteamine. Each group contained eight replicates of nine pigs per replicate. After 29 days, one pig was randomly selected from each replicate and slaughtered. Blood and LDM samples were collected and analyzed. Results The results showed that supplemental dietary CC increased (p
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- 2019
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13. Influence of supplemented coated-cysteamine on morphology, apoptosis and oxidative stress status of gastrointestinal tract
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Hongnan Liu, Miaomiao Bai, Bie Tan, Kang Xu, Rong Yu, Ruilin Huang, and Yulong Yin
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Cysteamine ,Coating technology ,Gastrointestinal tract ,Pigs ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Cysteamine was coated to cover its odor and maintain the stability. However, coated cysteamine (CC) has not been clearly evaluated for its effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa status. We hypothesize that the appropriate CC supplementation in diet impacts the stomach and intestinal mucosa variously through regulating the morphology, apoptosis, and oxidative stress status in model of pigs. Results The results showed that villus height increased (P
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- 2019
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14. Reduced dietary nitrogen with a high Lys:CP ratio restricted dietary N excretion without negatively affecting weaned piglets
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Hongnan Liu, Li Wu, Hui Han, Yuying Li, Lijian Wang, Jie Yin, Wenjun Fan, Miaomiao Bai, Jiming Yao, Xingguo Huang, and Tiejun Li
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Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
We hypothesized that balancing the content of exogenous amino acids, especially lysine, to reduce protein content in swine diets could reduce nitrogen (N) pollution associated with animal husbandry. Two experiments (45 d each experiment) were performed on weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 28 d of age) to test this and to determine the optimal lysine to crude protein (Lys:CP) ratio in diet. In Exp. 1, 12 piglets (6 replicates [n = 6]) were fed diets containing different levels of CP (17% and 20%) but the same level of Lys. Increased CP content resulted in significant increases (P
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- 2019
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15. Effect of Dietary Niacin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Hematology, and Lipoprotein Concentrations of Young Turkeys, Meleagris gallopavo
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Tolulope Adebowale, Abimbola Oso, Hongnan Liu, Myrlene Tossou, Jiashun Chen, Huang Li, Baoju Kang, and Kang Yao
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body weight gain ,hematology ,metabolizable energy ,niacin ,turkeys ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
The growth performance, nutrient digestibility, hematology, serum chemistry, and lipoprotein concentrations of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) poults fed diets supplemented with high or recommended concentrations of niacin were investigated in this study. A total of 120 four-week-old turkey poults were randomly divided into three treatment groups with five replicates of eight birds in each group. The poult diets were supplemented with 0.0, 60, and 180 mg/kg niacin in the three treatments, termed control, recommended niacin supplementation (RNS), and high niacin supplementation (HNS), respectively. The study lasted for four weeks. The results showed that the HNS treatment reduced the feed intake and increased the body weight gain of poults. The apparent, nitrogen-corrected, and true metabolizable energy contents were the highest in the HNS-group turkey poults (P
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- 2019
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16. Effects of Coated Cysteamine on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Weaned Pigs
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Shanshan Wang, Miaomiao Bai, Kang Xu, Yirui Shao, Zhe Yang, Xia Xiong, Ruilin Huang, Yao Li, and Hongnan Liu
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cysteamine ,inflammatory cytokines ,intestinal barrier ,oxidative stress ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of dietary coated cysteamine on oxidative stress and inflammation in diquat-induced weaning pigs. Twenty-four pigs were randomly assigned to three dietary groups with eight replicates: the control (fed base diet), diquat (fed base diet), and coated cysteamine + diquat groups (fed 80 mg/kg cysteamine). The experiment was conducted for 21 d, and consisted of a pre-starter period (14 d) and a starter period (7 d). Coated cysteamine treatment significantly increased (p < 0.05) the final weight and average daily gain (ADG) in pigs. The contents of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), serine (Ser), and isoleucine (Ile) were elevated (p < 0.05) while the contents of albumin (ALB) and aspartic acid (Asp) were reduced (p < 0.05) in the serum after coated cysteamine supplementation. Coated cysteamine supplementation resulted in greater (p < 0.05) serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA in the colon, and the CuSOD mRNA expression in the jejunum (p < 0.05) and colon (p = 0.073). Coated cysteamine supplementation showed an increasing trend in villus height (p = 0.060), villus height/crypt depth (V/C) (p = 0.056), the expression levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) mRNA (p = 0.061), and Occludin mRNA (p = 0.074) in the jejunum. In summary, dietary supplementation with coated cysteamine improves the intestinal barrier function of the jejunum by increasing the immunoglobulin content and the relative expression of intestinal immune factor mRNA in pigs while alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions caused by diquat.
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- 2021
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17. Aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in feed ingredients and complete feed from different Province in China
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Li Wu, Jianjun Li, Yunhu Li, Tiejun Li, Qinghua He, Yulong Tang, Hongnan Liu, Yongteng Su, Yulong Yin, and Peng Liao
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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ,Complete feed ,Deoxynivalenol (DON) ,Feed ingredient ,Zearalenone (ZEN) ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background The current study was carried out to provide a reference for monitory of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in feed ingredients and complete feeds were collected from different Province in China from 2013 to 2015. Methods A total of 443 feed ingredients, including 220 corn, 24 wheat, 24 domestic distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS), 55 bran, 20 wheat shorts and red dog, 37 imported DDGS, 34 corn germ meal and 29 soybean meal as well as 127 complete feeds including 25 pig complete feed (powder), 90 pig complete feed (pellet), six duck complete feed and six cattle complete feed were randomly collected from different Province in China, respectively, by high-performance chromatography in combined with UV or fluorescence analysis. Results The incidence rates of AFB1, ZEN and DON contamination of feed ingredients and complete feeds were 80.8, 92.3 and 93.9 %, respectively. The percentage of positive samples for DON ranged from 66.7 to 100 %. Domestic DDGS and imported DDGS presented the most serious contamination AFB1, ZEN and DON contamination levels of feeds ranged from 61.5 to 100 %, indicated that serious contamination over the studied 3-year period. Conclusion The current data provide clear evidence that AFB1, ZEN and DON contamination of feed ingredients and complete feeds in different Province in China is serious and differs over past 3-year. The use of corn, domestic DDGS, imported DDGS and corn germ meal, which may be contaminated with these three mycotoxins, as animal feed may triggered a health risk for animal. Feeds are most contaminated with DON followed by ZEN and AFB1. Mycotoxins contamination in feed ingredients and complete feeds should be monitored routinely in China.
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- 2016
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18. Effects of different levels of urea supplementation on nutrient intake and growth performance in growing camels fed roughage based complete pellet diets
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Ntiranyibagira Emmanuel, Niteen V. Patil, Shekbar R. Bhagwat, Abdul Lateef, Kang Xu, and Hongnan Liu
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Urea ,Nutrient intake ,Growth performance ,Complete pellet diet ,Feed conversion ratio ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
The utilization of urea in camels has beneficial and negative effects. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of different levels of urea supplementation on nutrients intake, digestibility, growth performance, feed efficiency and economics in growing camels fed roughage based complete pellet diets. In the present study, eighteen growing camels with an average live body weight of 306.17 ± 2.05 kg were randomly assigned in three treatments: T1 = roughage complete pellet diet without urea, T2 = T1 plus 1% urea, and T3 = T1 plus 2% urea. The results showed that the urea supplementation significantly affected average daily feed and nutrient intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P 0.05). Similarly, digestion coefficient of DM, CP, ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF) and ADF was influenced by increasing urea level (P 0.05). The intake of digestive nutrients was similar among all treatment groups. Total body live weight gain and average daily gain were significantly higher in urea supplemented groups (P
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- 2015
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19. Dietary Insect Powder Protein Sources Improve Protein Utilization by Regulation on Intestinal Amino Acid-Chemosensing System
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Hongnan Liu, Bie Tan, Xiangfeng Kong, Jianjun Li, Guangran Li, Liuqin He, Miaomiao Bai, and Yulong Yin
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insects ,protein resource ,amino acid transport ,piglets ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary insect powder supplementation as a protein source on plasma amino acid profiles, intestinal amino acid transport and sensing in a piglet model. A total of 144 weanling piglets were randomly assigned to four experimental diets for two phases (Days 1–28 and Days 29–56), to assess the effects on amino acid profiles and transportation in the segments of the intestine. The groups were basal diet (control), control diet plus Tenebrio molitor (TM), control diet plus Musca domestica larvae (MDL) and control diet plus Zophobas morio (ZM). The plasma free amino acid levels were stable comparable among treatments, except that the lysine level was significantly reduced by dietary MDL and ZM supplementation in the first phase (p < 0.05). In the 1st phase, the sensitivity of intestinal segments to the regulation of the amino acid level by insect powder supplementation follows sequence: colon > ileum > jejunum, while the order switched to jejunum > colon > ileum in the 2nd phase. The relative RNA expressions of mitogen-activated protein 4 kinase 3 (MAP4K3), sodium dependent neutral amino acid transporter2 (SNAT2), the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) and taste 1 receptor member 1/3 (T1R3) in the segments of the intestine were affected by different dietary insect powder supplementation. G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A) level in the jejunal and colonic mucosa was upregulated by MDL supplementation (p < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary insects improved the metabolism of the amino acid in the prophase (the 1st phase) through regulating the sensing gene and mTOR signal pathway in intestinal mucosa by targeting different receptors. The finding demonstrates that the insect powder is a potentially promising source for protein deposition.
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- 2020
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20. Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Intestinal Immunity Mediated by Tryptophan Metabolism
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Jing Gao, Kang Xu, Hongnan Liu, Gang Liu, Miaomiao Bai, Can Peng, Tiejun Li, and Yulong Yin
- Subjects
gut microbiota ,Trp metabolism ,intestinal immunity ,intestinal inflammation ,aryl hydrocarbon receptor ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The gut microbiota influences the health of the host, especially with regard to gut immune homeostasis and the intestinal immune response. In addition to serving as a nutrient enhancer, L-tryptophan (Trp) plays crucial roles in the balance between intestinal immune tolerance and gut microbiota maintenance. Recent discoveries have underscored that changes in the microbiota modulate the host immune system by modulating Trp metabolism. Moreover, Trp, endogenous Trp metabolites (kynurenines, serotonin, and melatonin), and bacterial Trp metabolites (indole, indolic acid, skatole, and tryptamine) have profound effects on gut microbial composition, microbial metabolism, the host's immune system, the host-microbiome interface, and host immune system–intestinal microbiota interactions. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates the regulation of intestinal immunity by Trp metabolites (as ligands of AhR), which is beneficial for immune homeostasis. Among Trp metabolites, AhR ligands consist of endogenous metabolites, including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, and cinnabarinic acid, and bacterial metabolites, including indole, indole propionic acid, indole acetic acid, skatole, and tryptamine. Additional factors, such as aging, stress, probiotics, and diseases (spondyloarthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer), which are associated with variability in Trp metabolism, can influence Trp–microbiome–immune system interactions in the gut and also play roles in regulating gut immunity. This review clarifies how the gut microbiota regulates Trp metabolism and identifies the underlying molecular mechanisms of these interactions. Increased mechanistic insight into how the microbiota modulates the intestinal immune system through Trp metabolism may allow for the identification of innovative microbiota-based diagnostics, as well as appropriate nutritional supplementation of Trp to prevent or alleviate intestinal inflammation. Moreover, this review provides new insight regarding the influence of the gut microbiota on Trp metabolism. Additional comprehensive analyses of targeted Trp metabolites (including endogenous and bacterial metabolites) are essential for experimental preciseness, as the influence of the gut microbiota cannot be neglected, and may explain contradictory results in the literature.
- Published
- 2018
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21. Effect of Nanodiamond Concentration and the Current Density of the Electrolyte on the Texture and Mechanical Properties of Ni/Nanodiamond Composite Coatings Produced by Electrodeposition
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Meihua Liu, Hongnan Liu, Dongai Wang, Bing Liu, Yan Shi, Feihui Li, Yunlan Gong, Linan Li, Lianjin Li, and Wengang Zhang
- Subjects
nanodiamond ,electroplated composite coating ,texture ,friction property ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Microscopy ,QH201-278.5 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,QC120-168.85 - Abstract
An Ni/nanodiamond composite coating was deposited on carbon steel in a traditional Watt’s solution without additives via direct current (DC) electroplating. The effects of the nanodiamond concentration and current density in the plating solution on the morphology, grain size, and texture of the Ni/nanodiamond composite coating were observed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The distribution of the nanodiamond particles in the composite coating was investigated by Raman spectra and SEM. The mechanical properties of the composite coating, such as its elastic modulus and hardness, were examined using a Nano Indenter XP nanometer mechanical test system. The coefficient of friction was tested using a Universal Micro-Tribotester. The results demonstrated that the preferential orientation of the Ni/nanodiamond composite coating varied from the (111) crystal orientation of the pure nickel coating to the (200) crystal orientation. When the nanodiamond concentration in the plating solution was 8.0 g/L and the current density was 3.0 A/dm2, the hardness of the composite coating reached the maximum value of 5.302 GPa and the friction factor was maintained at around 0.1. The average grain size of the composite coating was reduced to 20.4 nm.
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- 2019
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22. Effect of Sea Buckthorn Leaves on Inosine Monophosphate and Adenylosuccinatelyase Gene Expression in Broilers during Heat Stress
- Author
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Wei Zhao, Xin Chen, Changjiang Yan, Hongnan Liu, Zhihong Zhang, Pengzu Wang, Jie Su, and Yao Li
- Subjects
Sea Buckthorn Leaf ,Heat Stress ,Inosine Monophosphate ,Adenylosuccinatelyase ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Animal biochemistry ,QP501-801 - Abstract
The trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of sea buckthorn leaves (SBL) on meat flavor in broilers during heat stress. A total 360 one-day-old Arbor Acre (AA) broilers (male) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates pens pretreatment and 15 birds per pen. The control group was fed a basal diet, the experimental group I, II and III were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% SBL, respectively. During the 4th week, broilers were exposed to heat stress conditions (36±2°C), after which, muscle and liver samples were collected. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to measure the content of inosine monophosphate (IMP); Real-Time PCR was performed to determine the expression of the ADSL gene. The results showed that the content of breast muscle IMP of group I, II and III was significantly increased 68%, 102% and 103% (p
- Published
- 2012
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23. Context Impacts in Accelerometer-Based Walk Detection and Step Counting
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Buke Ao, Yongcai Wang, Hongnan Liu, Deying Li, Lei Song, and Jianqiang Li
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walk detection ,step counting ,gait analysis ,machine learning ,signal processing ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Walk detection (WD) and step counting (SC) have become popular applications in the recent emergence of wearable devices. These devices monitor user states and process data from MEMS-based accelerometers and optional gyroscope sensors. Various algorithms have been proposed for WD and SC, which are generally sensitive to the contexts of applications, i.e., (1) the locations of sensor placement; (2) the sensor orientations; (3) the user’s walking patterns; (4) the preprocessing window sizes; and (5) the sensor sampling rates. A thorough understanding of how these dynamic factors affect the algorithms’ performances is investigated and compared in this paper. In particular, representative WD and SC algorithms are introduced according to their design methodologies. A series of experiments is designed in consideration of different application contexts to form an experimental dataset. Different algorithms are then implemented and evaluated on the dataset. The evaluation results provide a quantitative performance comparison indicating the advantages and weaknesses of different algorithms under different application scenarios, giving valuable guidance for algorithm selection in practical applications.
- Published
- 2018
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24. Effects of the Sequence of Isocaloric Meals with Different Protein Contents on Plasma Biochemical Indexes in Pigs.
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Chunyan Xie, Xin Wu, Jun Li, Zhiyong Fan, Cimin Long, Hongnan Liu, Patrick Christian Even, Francois Blachier, and Yulong Yin
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Nutrient composition and pattern of food intake may play a significant role in weight gain. The aim of this study was to document the effects of a daily 3-meal pattern with isocaloric diets containing different dietary protein contents on growth performance and different plasma biochemical indexes including amino acid plasma concentration in castrated male pigs. Then, 21 DLY (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) pigs aged 60 days were assigned randomly into 3 groups: a control group (crude protein, CP 18.1%), a group receiving high then basal and then low CP meals (High-Low group) and a group receiving low then basal and then high CP meal (Low-High group) for 40 days with pigs being feed-restricted. On day 40, after 12 h fasting, blood samples were obtained for analysis. The results showed that the insulin/glucagon ratio was lower in the High-Low group (P
- Published
- 2015
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25. Redox Properties of Tryptophan Metabolism and the Concept of Tryptophan Use in Pregnancy
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Kang Xu, Hongnan Liu, Miaomiao Bai, Jing Gao, Xin Wu, and Yulong Yin
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tryptophan ,antioxidant ,oxidative stress ,pregnancy ,tryptophan metabolites ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
During pregnancy, tryptophan (Trp) is required for several purposes, and Trp metabolism varies over time in the mother and fetus. Increased oxidative stress (OS) with high metabolic, energy and oxygen demands during normal pregnancy or in pregnancy-associated disorders has been reported. Taking the antioxidant properties of Trp and its metabolites into consideration, we made four hypotheses. First, the use of Trp and its metabolites is optional based on their antioxidant properties during pregnancy. Second, dynamic Trp metabolism is an accommodation mechanism in response to OS. Third, regulation of Trp metabolism could be used to control/attenuate OS according to variations in Trp metabolism during pregnancy. Fourth, OS-mediated injury could be alleviated by regulation of Trp metabolism in pregnancy-associated disorders. Future studies in normal/abnormal pregnancies and in associated disorders should include measurements of free Trp, total Trp, Trp metabolites, and activities of Trp-degrading enzymes in plasma. Abnormal pregnancies and some associated disorders may be associated with disordered Trp metabolism related to OS. Mounting evidence suggests that the investigation of the use of Trp and its metabolites in pregnancy will be meanful.
- Published
- 2017
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26. Quercetin, Inflammation and Immunity
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Yao Li, Jiaying Yao, Chunyan Han, Jiaxin Yang, Maria Tabassum Chaudhry, Shengnan Wang, Hongnan Liu, and Yulong Yin
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quercetin ,inflammation ,immune function ,dietary sources ,metabolism ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
In vitro and some animal models have shown that quercetin, a polyphenol derived from plants, has a wide range of biological actions including anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities; as well as attenuating lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation and capillary permeability. This review focuses on the physicochemical properties, dietary sources, absorption, bioavailability and metabolism of quercetin, especially main effects of quercetin on inflammation and immune function. According to the results obtained both in vitro and in vivo, good perspectives have been opened for quercetin. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better characterize the mechanisms of action underlying the beneficial effects of quercetin on inflammation and immunity.
- Published
- 2016
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27. Managing Multicast Membership for Software Defined Data Center Network.
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Yang Cheng, Dan Li 0001, Jing Zhu 0007, Hongnan Liu, Kai Chen 0005, and Jianping Wu
- Published
- 2020
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28. Technical Evaluation and Impact Analysis of Libra.
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Sude Qing, Yihui Zhang, Hongnan Liu, Tao He, Baixue Yang, and Kai Wei
- Published
- 2019
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29. Asymmetric activation of class C GPCRs
- Author
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Hongnan Liu, Yanjun Li, and Yang Gao
- Published
- 2023
30. A water-soluble β-glucan improves growth performance by altering gut microbiome and health in weaned pigs
- Author
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Yulong Yin, Xue Li, Zhiliang Tan, Lijun Zou, Wu Yuliang, Hongnan Liu, Xia Xiong, Yanjun Du, Huilin Huang, and Jian Zhou
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Crypt ,Ileum ,Beta-glucan ,Small intestine ,Weaned pig ,Biology ,SF1-1100 ,Animal culture ,Jejunum ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,chemistry ,medicine ,Weaning ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Original Research Article ,Glucan - Abstract
Beta-glucan has been shown to have a beneficial effect on gastrointestinal health. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of β-glucan isolated from Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 on growth performance and intestinal health of weaning pigs. A total of 108 weaned pigs (21 d of age; 6.05 ± 0.36 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups (6 pens/group; 6 pigs/pen), and the groups were each treated with the following diets: 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg olaquindox, 3) basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg β-glucan, for 21 d. Compared with the control group, pigs fed with 200 mg/kg β-glucan had greaterBW, average daily gain and duodenal villus height to crypt depth ratio (P
- Published
- 2021
31. Towards bandwidth guarantee in multi-tenancy cloud computing networks.
- Author
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Jing Zhu 0007, Dan Li 0001, Jianping Wu, Hongnan Liu, Ying Zhang, and Jingcheng Zhang
- Published
- 2012
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32. Effects of simulated
- Author
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Xiaochen, Luo, Miaomiao, Tian, Yingying, Cheng, Caizhe, Ji, Shende, Hu, Hongnan, Liu, Jun, Lu, and Jiali, Ren
- Abstract
The changes of bioactive substances in peels and sarcocarps of three different varieties of
- Published
- 2022
33. Environmental Information Disclosure, Digital Transformation, and Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from Chinese Heavy Polluting Listed Companies
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Hongnan Liu, Weili Liu, and Guangchun Chen
- Subjects
China ,Motivation ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Metallurgy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,environmental information disclosure ,digital transformation ,innovation incentive ,financing constraints ,total factor productivity ,Disclosure ,Environmental Pollution - Abstract
Environmental information disclosure, as a new environmental regulatory model, is important for achieving collaborative environmental pollution management and sustainable socioeconomic development. Based on the data of listed firms in China’s A-share heavy pollution industry from 2009 to 2019, this paper empirically tested the impact of environmental information disclosure on the total factor productivity of enterprises and the contribution of digital transformation to this impact. An increase in the level of environmental information disclosure had a significant positive effect on the total factor productivity of enterprises. However, with the increase in digital transformation among enterprises, the effect of environmental information disclosure on total factor productivity improvement is gradually being replaced. The heterogeneity test results showed that the positive effect of environmental information disclosure on total factor productivity changed depending on property rights, firm size, and geographical location. The effect of environmental information disclosure was stronger for non-state firms, large firms, and firms located in the east-central region. Further mechanism tests showed that the effect was induced through innovation incentives and facilitated financing. The above results provide a valuable reference for a comprehensive understanding of the effect of environmental information disclosure on productivity and adjustment by the digital transformation of enterprises.
- Published
- 2022
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34. Advanced single-cell pooled CRISPR screening identifies C19orf53 required for cell proliferation based on mTORC1 regulators
- Author
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Bie Tan, Simeng Liao, Xia Xiong, Guang Liu, Yulong Tang, Yulong Yin, Zhiliang Tan, Fengna Li, Xiangfeng Kong, and Hongnan Liu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cell growth ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Cell ,Cell Biology ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Plasmid ,Cell culture ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,medicine ,CRISPR ,Gene ,Gene knockout - Abstract
Multiplexed single-cell CRISPR screening has accelerated the systematic dissection of biological discoveries; however, the efficiency of CRISPR-based gene knockout has inherent limitations. Here, we present DoNick-seq, an advanced method for facilitating gene knockout and reducing off-target activity. We re-engineered two popular plasmid constructs suitable for use in pooled CRISPR screening of the single-cell transcriptome. We then used DoNick-seq to probe mTORC1 regulators and obtain genomic perturbation and transcriptome profiles from the same cell. Thus, DoNick-seq enabled us to simultaneously evaluate multiple gene interactions and the effect of amino acid depletion. By analyzing more than 20,000 cells from two cell lines, DoNick-seq efficiently identified gene targets, cell numbers, and cellular profiles. Our data also revealed the characteristics of mTORC1 negative and positive regulators, thereby shedding new insights into the mechanisms regulating cell growth and inhibition. We demonstrate that mTORC1 hyperactivation exhausts cellular free amino acids via increased proliferation ability. Furthermore, DoNick-seq identified the gene C19orf53, which mediates excessive cell proliferation, resulting in metabolic imbalance, and greatly enhances oxidative stress in response to toxins. Thus, our findings suggest that DoNick-seq facilitates high-throughput functional dissection of complex cellular responses at the single-cell level and increases the accuracy of CRISPR single-cell transcriptomics.
- Published
- 2021
35. Imbalanced dietary methionine-to-sulfur amino acid ratio can affect amino acid profiles, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology of piglets
- Author
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Yulong Yin, Ruilin Huang, Kang Xu, Hongnan Liu, Jinping Deng, Lei Wang, and Miaomiao Bai
- Subjects
animal diseases ,Intestinal morphology ,Methionine-to-sulfur amino acid ratio ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fish meal ,Food Animals ,Food science ,Original Research Article ,030304 developmental biology ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Meal ,Methionine ,Sulfur Amino Acids ,Piglet ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Amino acid ,Antioxidant capacity ,Animal protein ,chemistry ,Animal protein source ,Animal Science and Zoology ,lcsh:Animal culture - Abstract
Animal protein sources such as fishmeal and plasma powder are excellent and indispensable sources of energy, amino acids, and minerals in animal production. Amino acid imbalance, especially methionine-to-sulfur amino acid (Met:SAA) ratio, caused by an imbalance of animal protein meal leads to growth restriction. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of imbalanced Met:SAA ratio supplementation of different animal protein source diets on growth performance, plasma amino acid profiles, antioxidant capacity and intestinal morphology in a piglet model. Twenty-four weaned piglets (castrated males; BW = 10.46 ± 0.34 kg), assigned randomly into 3 groups (8 piglets/group), were fed for 28 d. Three experimental diets of equal energy and crude protein levels were as follows: 1) a corn-soybean basal diet with a Met:SAA ratio at 0.51 (BD); 2) a plasma powder diet with a low Met:SAA ratio at 0.41 (L-MR); 3) a fishmeal diet with a high Met:SAA ratio at 0.61 (H-MR). Results revealed that compared to BD, L-MR significantly decreased (P
- Published
- 2020
36. Relationship between H2O2 accumulation and NO synthesis during osmotic stress: promoted somatic embryogenesis of Fraxinus mandshurica
- Author
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Dongyan Zhang, Hailong Shen, Ling Yang, Yingying Liu, Hongnan Liu, and Hanyang Guo
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Cell signaling ,Reactive oxygen species ,Osmotic shock ,biology ,Somatic embryogenesis ,Forestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Cell biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Catalase ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,biology.protein ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Reactive nitrogen species ,Intracellular ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Explant culture - Abstract
Osmotic stress promotes somatic embryogenesis of Fraxinus mandshurica, which leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The single pieces of cotyledons of F. mandshurica were used as explants to induce somatic embryogenesis in osmotic-stress medium. Furthermore, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content of explanted cells was varied by adding exogenous H2O2 or catalase solution to assess the effects of the exogenous H2O2 on somatic embryogenesis, intracellular H2O2 accumulation, and the relationship between signaling mediated by ROS or reactive nitrogen species. The results revealed that exogenous H2O2 (100‒300 μmol L–1) increased the number of somatic embryos. On 60th day of exogenous H2O2 (200 μmol L–1) treatment, the number of somatic embryos of explants treated, which was 136.54%, was higher than the control. Moreover, exogenous H2O2 (100 μmol L–1) significantly increased the intracellular H2O2 content and enhanced the activities of superoxidase dismutase and peroxidase. Finally, exogenous H2O2 (100 μmol L–1) activated the intracellular non-enzymatic pathway for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. The somatic embryogenesis in broadleaf trees increases with the change of endogenic ROS content, and depends on the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. Both H2O2 and NO, as signaling molecules, were found to be involved in the process of somatic embryogenesis in broadleaf trees. In the process of exogenous H2O2 promoting somatic embryogenesis, NO synthesis depended on non-enzymatic reactions. These results provide a scientific basis for resolving the mechanism by which ROS levels are regulated during somatic embryogenesis of broadleaf trees and establish a reasonable and efficient technology system for regulating somatic embryogenesis of trees.
- Published
- 2020
37. Gut microbiota and blood metabolomics in weaning multiparous sows: Associations with oestrous
- Author
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Peng Liao, Hongnan Liu, Xihong Zhou, Yulong Yin, Yehui Duan, Miaomiao Bai, Xin Wu, Kang Xu, and Tiejun Li
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Swine ,Gut flora ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Estrus ,Food Animals ,Internal medicine ,Prevotella ,medicine ,Animals ,Metabolomics ,Weaning ,Palmitoleic acid ,Blood urea nitrogen ,Estrous cycle ,Estradiol ,biology ,Luteinizing Hormone ,biology.organism_classification ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Parity ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Follicle Stimulating Hormone ,Luteinizing hormone ,Hormone - Abstract
This study was conducted to detect the potential relationship between changed plasma metabolites, intestinal microbiota and the weaning-to-oestrous interval in multiparous sows after weaning. Multiparous sows were allocated to two groups after weaning: the oestrous group (n = 15) with a weaning-to-oestrous interval ≤7 days or the anoestrous group (n = 15) with a weaning-to-oestrous interval >14 days. The levels of plasma reproductive hormones: oestradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, plasma total protein; blood urea nitrogen; cholesterol; high-density lipoprotein; and ammonia (NH3 ) were significantly lower in the anoestrous sows compared with the oestrous sows (p < .05). The plasma metabolomics analysis identified 14 metabolites (lactose, l-cysteine, cytosine, hydantoin, palmitoleic acid, arachidic acid, linoleic acid methyl ester, α-ketoglutaric acid, N(e)-trimethyllysine, threo-β-hydroxyaspartate, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid and others) with lower concentrations and 12 metabolites (noradrenaline, 5-dihydrocortisone, p-cresol, 1,4-cyclohexanedione, 2,3-dimethylsuccinic acid and others) with higher concentrations in the anoestrous group compared with the oestrous group (p < .05). The 16S rRNA pyrosequencing analysis showed the relative increase in abundance of the Prevotella and the Bacteroides at the genus level in the anoestrous group (p < .05). At the phylum level, lower proportions of Firmicutes and Lentisphaerae were observed in the anoestrous group (p < .05). This study provided a comprehensive assessment of metabolic differences in the blood and differences in the gut microbiome composition between anoestrous and oestrous sows. And suggesting that this profiling approach may offer new insights into explaining the alteration of the gut microbiota and blood metabolomics are correlated with sex hormone secretion and the weaning-to-oestrous interval of sows after weaning.
- Published
- 2020
38. Effects of Coated Cysteamine on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Weaned Pigs
- Author
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Yirui Shao, Miaomiao Bai, Xia Xiong, Shanshan Wang, Ruilin Huang, Hongnan Liu, Kang Xu, Yao Li, and Zhe Yang
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,inflammatory cytokines ,Veterinary medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,Diquat ,Article ,Superoxide dismutase ,Jejunum ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,SF600-1100 ,medicine ,cysteamine ,Weaning ,oxidative stress ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,General Veterinary ,biology ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Albumin ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,intestinal barrier ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,QL1-991 ,biology.protein ,Alkaline phosphatase ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Cysteamine ,Zoology ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of dietary coated cysteamine on oxidative stress and inflammation in diquat-induced weaning pigs. Twenty-four pigs were randomly assigned to three dietary groups with eight replicates: the control (fed base diet), diquat (fed base diet), and coated cysteamine + diquat groups (fed 80 mg/kg cysteamine). The experiment was conducted for 21 d, and consisted of a pre-starter period (14 d) and a starter period (7 d). Coated cysteamine treatment significantly increased (p <, 0.05) the final weight and average daily gain (ADG) in pigs. The contents of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), serine (Ser), and isoleucine (Ile) were elevated (p <, 0.05) while the contents of albumin (ALB) and aspartic acid (Asp) were reduced (p <, 0.05) in the serum after coated cysteamine supplementation. Coated cysteamine supplementation resulted in greater (p <, 0.05) serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA in the colon, and the CuSOD mRNA expression in the jejunum (p <, 0.05) and colon (p = 0.073). Coated cysteamine supplementation showed an increasing trend in villus height (p = 0.060), villus height/crypt depth (V/C) (p = 0.056), the expression levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) mRNA (p = 0.061), and Occludin mRNA (p = 0.074) in the jejunum. In summary, dietary supplementation with coated cysteamine improves the intestinal barrier function of the jejunum by increasing the immunoglobulin content and the relative expression of intestinal immune factor mRNA in pigs while alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions caused by diquat.
- Published
- 2021
39. Structural basis of Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 inhibition by AcrIIA14
- Author
-
Yuwei Zhu, Hongnan Liu, Zebin Lu, and Zhiwei Huang
- Subjects
Regulation of gene expression ,Models, Molecular ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Cas9 ,AcademicSubjects/SCI00010 ,Protein domain ,Allosteric regulation ,Computational biology ,DNA ,Biology ,Crystallography, X-Ray ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Genome editing ,Allosteric Regulation ,Bacterial Proteins ,Protein Domains ,Structural Biology ,CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 ,Genetics ,RNA ,Linker ,Heteroduplex - Abstract
Bacteriophages have evolved a range of anti-CRISPR proteins (Acrs) to escape the adaptive immune system of prokaryotes, therefore Acrs can be used as switches to regulate gene editing. Herein, we report the crystal structure of a quaternary complex of AcrIIA14 bound SauCas9–sgRNA–dsDNA at 2.22 Å resolution, revealing the molecular basis for AcrIIA14 recognition and inhibition. Our structural and biochemical data analysis suggest that AcrIIA14 binds to a non-conserved region of SauCas9 HNH domain that is distinctly different from AcrIIC1 and AcrIIC3, with no significant effect on sgRNA or dsDNA binding. Further, our structural data shows that the allostery of the HNH domain close to the substrate DNA is sterically prevented by AcrIIA14 binding. In addition, the binding of AcrIIA14 triggers the conformational allostery of the HNH domain and the L1 linker within the SauCas9, driving them to make new interactions with the target-guide heteroduplex, enhancing the inhibitory ability of AcrIIA14. Our research both expands the current understanding of anti-CRISPRs and provides additional culues for the rational use of the CRISPR-Cas system in genome editing and gene regulation.
- Published
- 2021
40. Compensation effects of coated cysteamine on meat quality, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, mineral content in dorsal muscle and serum biochemical indices in finishing pigs offered reduced trace minerals diet
- Author
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Yulong Yin, Kang Xu, Pingping Bing, Xiaofeng Zhang, Baichuan Deng, Chengquan Tan, Hongnan Liu, Jinping Deng, and Miaomiao Bai
- Subjects
Male ,Dorsum ,Meat ,Swine ,Cysteamine ,Weight Gain ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Food Quality ,Animals ,Food science ,Amino Acids ,Muscle, Skeletal ,General Environmental Science ,Food, Formulated ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Minerals ,Mineral ,Fatty Acids ,Animal Feed ,Trace Elements ,Amino acid ,Trace Minerals ,chemistry ,Amino acid composition ,Dietary Supplements ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Female ,Fatty acid composition ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Published
- 2019
41. Role of hydrogen peroxide in stress-induced programmed cell death during somatic embryogenesis in Fraxinus mandshurica
- Author
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Hailong Shen, Hongnan Liu, Yuhua Li, Ling Yang, Chao Huang, Cheng Wei, and Dongyan Zhang
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,Programmed cell death ,Somatic embryogenesis ,Osmotic shock ,Somatic cell ,Forestry ,Embryo ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Cell biology ,chemistry ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Osmotic pressure ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Explant culture - Abstract
We examined how reactive oxygen species, in the form of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), affect osmotic stress–induced programmed cell death during somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon explants of Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.). We found that substantial osmotic stress was essential for Manchurian ash somatic cells to obtain embryogenic competence. The explant cells displayed hallmarks of programmed cell death, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation to oligonucleotides during somatic embryogenesis. Increasing concentrations of plant growth regulators and sucrose in the medium increased osmotic stress thereby inducing H2O2 accumulation in the explant cells. We found that H2O2 concentration was significantly decreased in explant cells when the induction medium was modified, i.e., when reducing the concentration of sucrose, which reduces the osmotic pressure of the medium, or by withdrawing plant growth regulators at mid-culture. These treatments also decreased the proportion of explant cells undergoing programmed cell death. Accordingly, a decreased rate of somatic embryo induction was observed. These results show that PCD occurred during tissue browning and death of some explant cells during somatic embryogenesis in F. mandshurica. The ROS contributed to PCD in abiotic stress stimulated F. mandshurica cells.
- Published
- 2019
42. Negative effects on newborn piglets caused by excess dietary tryptophan in the morning in sows
- Author
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Peng Bin, Yulong Yin, Miaomiao Bai, Xin Wu, Kang Xu, Yehui Duan, and Hongnan Liu
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Taurine ,Swine ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Kynurenic acid ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Ingestion ,Morning ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Fetus ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Chemistry ,Tryptophan ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Metabolism ,Animal Feed ,040401 food science ,Diet ,Endocrinology ,Female ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science ,Biotechnology ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
This study investigated the effect of dynamic feeding models of dietary tryptophan on sows' performance during late pregnancy. RESULTS The average piglet birth weight and live farrowing rate from sows consuming a high?low tryptophan diet (0.39% Trp in the morning and 0.13% Trp in the afternoon) were decreased compared with those fed a 2?tryptophan diet (0.26% Trp in the morning and afternoon). Compared with the 2?tryptophan group, sow serum kynurenic acid and the newborn liver n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio were significantly higher, and sow serum taurine and newborn serum taurine, phosphoserine, cysteine and proline were lower in the high?low tryptophan diet group. Eighty-eight genes were differentially expressed in newborn piglets' livers between the 2?tryptophan and high?low groups. Genes related to cytotoxic effector regulation (major histocompatibility complex class I proteins), NADH oxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and tissue development were differentially expressed between these two groups. CONCLUSION Together, the results provide information on new biomarkers in serum or liver and provide novel insights into variations in the fetal liver during exogenous stimulus response and biological processes of ROS metabolism in fetuses during late pregnancy caused by a single excessive tryptophan ingestion daily in the morning. ? 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
- Published
- 2019
43. Dietary lysozyme supplementation contributes to enhanced intestinal functions and gut microflora of piglets
- Author
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Yulong Tang, Jian Zhou, Xia Xiong, Bie Tan, Yulong Yin, and Hongnan Liu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Globulin ,Swine ,Gut flora ,Group A ,Immunoglobulin G ,Random Allocation ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Immune system ,Internal medicine ,Lactobacillus ,medicine ,Animals ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,biology ,Chemistry ,Albumin ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Animal Feed ,Diet ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Intestines ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Dietary Supplements ,biology.protein ,Muramidase ,Lysozyme ,Food Science - Abstract
Lysozyme plays a significant role in defense against bacterial pathogens and in regulating the interactions between gut microbiota and host immune systems. Here, the effects of dietary lysozyme on the intestinal development, immunity, and colonic microbiota of piglets were comprehensively evaluated. Twenty-four seven-day-old piglets from Landrace × Yorkshire sows (n = 8 per group) received no supplementation (group A, the control), 0.5 g kg-1 lysozyme (group B), or 1.0 g kg-1 lysozyme (group C). After the 14-day treatment, piglets supplemented with 1.0 g kg-1 lysozyme had higher average weaning weight, jejunal villus height (VH), and ileal lymphocyte counts than those in the control groups (P < 0.005). Serum total protein and albumin were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.005) and immunoglobulin G tended to increase in the 0.5 g kg-1 lysozyme group (P = 0.065). Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fibrobacteres all showed a significant increase in relative abundance after lysozyme treatment at the highest dosage (P < 0.005). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Treponema_2, and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group was significantly increased in the lysozyme-treated groups. Furthermore, microbial genes related to glycerolipid, propanoate, and pyruvate metabolism showed much more abundance in the 1.0 g kg-1 lysozyme group. Interleukin-4 in the colonic mucosa was significantly up-regulated, while transforming growth factor-β1 showed significant reduction in the lysozyme-treated group. Moreover, mucosal catalase and malondialdehyde in colon samples increased significantly. These results demonstrate that dietary lysozyme efficaciously improves the development of intestinal structure and functions and promotes the enrichment of beneficial microbes in the gut microbiota in terms of both composition and metabolic functions.
- Published
- 2019
44. Effect of Dietary Niacin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Hematology, and Lipoprotein Concentrations of Young Turkeys, Meleagris gallopavo
- Author
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Hongnan Liu, Baoju Kang, Myrlene Carine B. Tossou, Kang Yao, Huang Li, Tolulope Adebowale, Abimbola Oladele Oso, and Jiashun Chen
- Subjects
Creatinine ,Triglyceride ,Globulin ,biology ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Chemistry ,Cholesterol ,body weight gain ,hematology ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,niacin ,Full Papers ,040201 dairy & animal science ,0403 veterinary science ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,metabolizable energy ,biology.protein ,Alkaline phosphatase ,Uric acid ,turkeys ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Niacin ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
The growth performance, nutrient digestibility, hematology, serum chemistry, and lipoprotein concentrations of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) poults fed diets supplemented with high or recommended concentrations of niacin were investigated in this study. A total of 120 four-week-old turkey poults were randomly divided into three treatment groups with five replicates of eight birds in each group. The poult diets were supplemented with 0.0, 60, and 180 mg/kg niacin in the three treatments, termed control, recommended niacin supplementation (RNS), and high niacin supplementation (HNS), respectively. The study lasted for four weeks. The results showed that the HNS treatment reduced the feed intake and increased the body weight gain of poults. The apparent, nitrogen-corrected, and true metabolizable energy contents were the highest in the HNS-group turkey poults (P
- Published
- 2019
45. Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immunity response and microbiota community of growing pigs
- Author
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Yulong Yin, Jian Zhou, Xia Xiong, Yanhong Liu, Lijun Zou, and Hongnan Liu
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Globulin ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,medicine.drug_class ,Antibiotics ,Jejunum ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Immune system ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,0303 health sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Metabolism ,040401 food science ,Enzyme assay ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Colistin ,Lysozyme ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science ,Biotechnology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Lysozyme has been studied as a potential alternative to antibiotics for animals in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary lysozyme on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, immune response and gut health of growing pigs.; Results: A total of 216 growing pigs (19.81 ± 0.47 kg) were fed the diets supplemented with colistin sulfate at 20 mg kg-1 (control), or lysozyme at 50 (L50) or 100 mg kg-1 (L100) diet for 30 days. The results showed that pigs fed with L100 or control had greater average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio than pigs in the L50 group. Pigs fed with L100 or colistin had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in jejunum compared with pigs in the L50 group. Pigs fed with L100 had greater serum immunoglobulin A and jejunal secretory immunoglobulin A than control and L50, but lower serum total protein and globulin than control. No differences were observed in the messenger RNA expression of genes related to mucosal cytokines, antioxidant capacity, enzyme activity, and barrier functions among three treatments. The caecal microflora evenness was lower in the L100 group than in the control or L50 group by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states analysis predicted that lysozyme may modify nutrient metabolism by changing intestinal microbial function of pigs.; Conclusions: Pigs supplemented with 100 mg kg-1 lysozyme had similar growth performance and intestinal morphology as pigs fed with colistin. This was likely due to the improved systemic and gut immune responses and the reduced microbiota diversity by feeding 100 mg kg-1 lysozyme. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
- Published
- 2018
46. Dietary
- Author
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Miaomiao, Bai, Hongnan, Liu, Shanshan, Wang, Qingyan, Shu, Kang, Xu, Jian, Zhou, Xia, Xiong, Ruilin, Huang, Jinping, Deng, Yulong, Yin, and Zheng'an, Liu
- Subjects
intestinal microbiota ,NF-κB signaling ,weaned piglets ,antioxidant capacity ,Moutan cortex radicis ,Nutrition ,Original Research - Abstract
Background: Moutan cortex radicis (MCR), as a common traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used as an antipyretic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory agent in China. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary MCR supplementation on the antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of the pigs and to explore whether MCR exerts positive effects on intestinal health via regulating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota. Methods: MCR powder was identified by LC-MS analysis. Selected 32 weaned piglets (21 d of age, 6.37 ± 0.10 kg average BW) were assigned (8 pens/diet, 1 pig/pen) to 4 groups and fed with a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 mg/kg MCR for 21 d. After the piglets were sacrificed, antioxidant indices, histomorphology examination, and inflammatory signaling pathway expression were assessed. The 16s RNA sequencing was used to analyze the effects of MCR on the intestinal microbiota structure of piglets. Results: Supplemental 4,000 mg/kg MCR significantly increased (P < 0.05) the average daily weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), total antioxidative capability, colonic short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations, and the crypt depth in the jejunum but decreased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression levels of interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, inhibiting kappa-B kinase β (IKKβ), inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B (IκBα), and NF-κB in the jejunum and ileum. Microbiota sequencing identified that MCR supplementation significantly increased the microbial richness indices (Chao1, ACE, and observed species, P < 0.05) and the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus (P < 0.05), decreased the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae, and Enterococcus (P < 0.05) and had no significant effects on the diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson, P > 0.05). Microbial metabolic phenotypes analysis also showed that the richness of aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, oxidative stress tolerance, and biofilm forming were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the richness of anaerobic bacteria and pathogenic potential of gut microbiota were reduced (P < 0.05) by MCR treatment. Regression analysis showed that the optimal MCR supplemental level for growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of weaned piglets was 3,420 ~ 4,237 mg/kg. Conclusions: MCR supplementation improved growth performance and serum antioxidant capacity, and alleviated intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway and affecting intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets.
- Published
- 2021
47. L-Tryptophan activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and induces cell cycle arrest in porcine trophectoderm cells
- Author
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Miaomiao Bai, Hu Gao, Hongnan Liu, Yawei Fu, Kang Xu, and Yehui Duan
- Subjects
Cell cycle checkpoint ,Swine ,Placenta ,Cell ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food Animals ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Animals ,Small Animals ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Equine ,Cell growth ,Chemistry ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Tryptophan ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Cell Cycle Checkpoints ,Cell cycle ,Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Embryonic stem cell ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ,biology.protein ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,Signal transduction ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
During implantation, the proliferation of trophectoderm cells (the outer epithelium of blastocysts) is related to conceptus elongation and placenta formation. Tryptophan (Trp) is a key regulator of embryogenesis and embryonic implantation during pregnancy. We sought to determine whether different concentrations of Trp alters porcine trophectoderm (pTr) cell proliferation. pTr cells were cultured in medium containing 40, 500, or 1000 μM Trp. The cell proliferation rate and the progression of the cells through the cell cycle were determined. To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the pTr cells, we compared mRNA transcriptomes by RNA-Seq after cell treatment with different concentrations of Trp. Some candidate DEGs were identified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qPCR). High L-Trp levels (500 and 1000 μM) inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest. We identified 19 DEGs between the 500 μM L-Trp and 40 μM L-Trp groups and 168 DEGs between the 1000 μM L-Trp and 40 μM L-Trp groups and subsequently used qPCR to validate some genes that were upregulated or downregulated. The functional gene networks in which the DEGs were most enriched included those associated with regulating DNA replication and the cell cycle, and the majority of the DEGs in both of these functional pathways was downregulated. The results showed that the addition of 500 and 1000 μM Trp significantly increased the abundance of proteins in the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) signaling pathway. Collectively, these results indicate a novel and important role for Trp in mediating the proliferation of porcine placental cells largely via the AHR signaling pathway. Additionally, these findings help to explain the side effects of excessive Trp supplementation on placenta development and embryo growth in mammals.
- Published
- 2021
48. The Landscape of Interactions between Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Reactive Oxygen Species in the Gastrointestinal Tract
- Author
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Yirui Shao, Yulong Yin, Kexing Wang, Ruilin Huang, Jian Zhou, Zhiliang Tan, Xia Xiong, Lijun Zou, Hongnan Liu, Gang Liu, and Ming Qi
- Subjects
Aging ,Cell signaling ,Gastrointestinal Diseases ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,Review Article ,Biochemistry ,Immunity ,Animals ,Humans ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,Gastrointestinal tract ,QH573-671 ,Chemistry ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ,Cell Hypoxia ,Oxygen tension ,Cell biology ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Oxidative Stress ,Hypoxia-inducible factors ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Cytology ,Homeostasis ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GT) is the major organ involved in digestion, absorption, and immunity, which is prone to oxidative destruction by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from luminal oxidants, such as food, drugs, and pathogens. Excessive ROS will lead to oxidative stresses and disrupt essential biomolecules, which also act as cellular signaling molecules in response to growth factors, hormones, and oxygen tension changes. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are critical regulators mediating responses to cellular oxygen tension changes, which are also involved in energy metabolism, immunity, renewal, and microbial homeostasis in the GT. This review discusses interactions between HIF (mainly HIF-1α) and ROS and relevant diseases in the GT combined with our lab’s work. It might help to develop new therapies for gastrointestinal diseases associated with ROS and HIF-1α.
- Published
- 2021
49. Advanced single-cell pooled CRISPR screening identifies C19orf53 required for cell proliferation based on mTORC1 regulators
- Author
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Yulong, Tang, Simeng, Liao, Guang, Liu, Xia, Xiong, Hongnan, Liu, Fengna, Li, Zhiliang, Tan, Xiangfeng, Kong, Yulong, Yin, and Bie, Tan
- Subjects
Genomics ,CRISPR-Cas Systems ,Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 ,Transcriptome ,Cell Proliferation - Abstract
Multiplexed single-cell CRISPR screening has accelerated the systematic dissection of biological discoveries; however, the efficiency of CRISPR-based gene knockout has inherent limitations. Here, we present DoNick-seq, an advanced method for facilitating gene knockout and reducing off-target activity. We re-engineered two popular plasmid constructs suitable for use in pooled CRISPR screening of the single-cell transcriptome. We then used DoNick-seq to probe mTORC1 regulators and obtain genomic perturbation and transcriptome profiles from the same cell. Thus, DoNick-seq enabled us to simultaneously evaluate multiple gene interactions and the effect of amino acid depletion. By analyzing more than 20,000 cells from two cell lines, DoNick-seq efficiently identified gene targets, cell numbers, and cellular profiles. Our data also revealed the characteristics of mTORC1 negative and positive regulators, thereby shedding new insights into the mechanisms regulating cell growth and inhibition. We demonstrate that mTORC1 hyperactivation exhausts cellular free amino acids via increased proliferation ability. Furthermore, DoNick-seq identified the gene C19orf53, which mediates excessive cell proliferation, resulting in metabolic imbalance, and greatly enhances oxidative stress in response to toxins. Thus, our findings suggest that DoNick-seq facilitates high-throughput functional dissection of complex cellular responses at the single-cell level and increases the accuracy of CRISPR single-cell transcriptomics.
- Published
- 2020
50. Managing Multicast Membership for Software Defined Data Center Network
- Author
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Jing Zhu, Dan Li, Yang Cheng, Hongnan Liu, Kai Chen, and Jianping Wu
- Subjects
Multicast ,Computer science ,computer.internet_protocol ,business.industry ,Routing table ,Software-defined data center ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,020204 information systems ,Internet Group Management Protocol ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Multicast address ,Resource management ,business ,Software-defined networking ,computer ,Computer network - Abstract
In this paper we design DCMA, a novel multicast membership management scheme for data center networks. Unlike traditional protocols like IGMP/MLD, DCMA leverages the characteristics of data center multicast application and the emerging software defined networking (SDN) technique to manage multicast members in an easier and better way. Multicast application master delivers the membership to the SDN controller, and the SDN controller assigns the group addresses in a coordinated way to minimize the forwarding table size in switches. In particular, by formulating the multicast group address allocation problem and capturing the relationship among forwarding entries in different switches, we design both a batch algorithm and an incremental algorithm to allocate the multicast group addresses. Evaluations based on real-world traces show that, DCMA can save almost half multicast forwarding entries in switches compared with random multicast address allocation.
- Published
- 2020
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