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1. Study problems and depressive symptoms in adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak: poor parent-child relationship as a vulnerability

Author

Jingyi Wang, Hao Wang, Haijiang Lin, Marcus Richards, Shuyue Yang, Hongbiao Liang, Xiaoxiao Chen, and Chaowei Fu

Subjects
COVID-19, Adolescents, Depression, Study problem, Parent-child relationship, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Little is known about the prevalence of and risk factors for adolescent mental health problems during the COVID-19 outbreak. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, their association with study-relevant problems, and the moderating effect of parent-child relationship among Chinese adolescents during the school closures. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis with data collected in middle and high schools in Taizhou, China. Students completed an online survey between April 16 and May 14, 2020. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory. Three types of study problems were recorded, including having difficulty in studying at home, dislike of remote learning, and excessive screen entertainment time. Parental relationships were categorized into good or normal relationship and poor relationship. Linear regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between study-relevant problems and depressive symptoms. Results Using data from 6435 adolescents, we found that the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17.7%. All the study problem measures were associated with more severe depressive symptoms. There was a moderating effect of the parental relationship on the associations between study problems and depressive symptoms. The association between number of study problems and depressive symptoms was stronger in adolescents with a poor parent-child relationship (regression coefficient 4.34 [95% CI 2.97, 5.72]) than those with a good or normal relationship (2.55 [2.35, 2.75]), p for interaction 0.002, on multivariable adjustment. Conclusions Study problems due to school closures were particularly problematic for adolescents who had poor parent-child relationships. Public health initiatives could help students to adjust study habits and improve parent-child relationships, thereby protecting against the development of depression.

Published
2021
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2. Mental Health Problems Among School-Aged Children After School Reopening: A Cross-Sectional Study During the COVID-19 Post-pandemic in East China

Author

Jingyi Wang, Yingying Wang, Haijiang Lin, Xiaoxiao Chen, Hao Wang, Hongbiao Liang, Xiaoqin Guo, and Chaowei Fu

Subjects
mental health, psychological stressors, children, school reopening, COVID-19, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Background: Most studies on mental health problems caused by COVID-19 crisis in children were limited to the period of home quarantine. It remained unclear what adverse impact of the psychosocial stressors caused by school reopening, as well as the transitions in daily activities and social interactions had on mental health in children.Methods: A total of 6400 students in primary schools were enrolled in a cross-sectional study conducted in East China, between June 26 and July 6, 2020, when schools reopened. Children’s mental health status was assessed by the parent version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Ultimately, data on a total of 6017 children with completed information on mental health, psychosocial stressors, daily activities, and social interactions were eligible for analysis. The associations of mental health with psychosocial stressors, daily activities, and social interactions were determined by ordinal logistic regression models. Stratified analyses were conducted according to grade, gender, school level, area, and caregiver–child relationship to further observe the effects of stressors on mental status.Results: The prevalence of borderline, moderately abnormal, and prominently abnormal scores were 7.16, 3.34, and 1.96% for total difficulties, and 13.83, 13.45, and 17.85% for prosocial behavior, respectively. Children with psychological stressors had a significantly higher risk of being in a worse category of mental health status, with the maximum adjusted OR of 7.90 (95% CI 3.33–18.75) in those definitely afraid of inadaptation to study and life styles. Time used in home work and computer games was positively related to mental health problems, while physical exercises and frequency of communication with others was negatively related. The effects of psychological stressors on total difficulties were more evident in middle-high grade students (OR = 7.52, 95% CI 4.16–8.61), boys (OR = 6.95, 95% CI 4.83–8.55), those who lived in Taizhou (OR = 7.62, 95% CI 4.72–8.61) and with poor caregiver–child relationship (OR = 7.79, 95% CI 2.26–8.65).Conclusion: Emotional and behavioral difficulties, especially less prosocial behavior, were prevalent in primary school children after schools reopened. The Chinese government, communities, schools, and families need to provide more effective support for students’ transition back into the school building and address emotional and behavioral problems for children with difficulties.

Published
2021
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3. Impact of psychosocial stressors on emotional and behavioral problems in Chinese adolescents during the COVID-19 period: the explanatory value of loneliness

Author

Xiaoxiao Chen, Haijiang Lin, Yu Yang, Shuyue Yang, Hongbiao Liang, Jingyi Wang, Chaowei Fu, and Marcus Richards

Subjects
business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Stressor, Psychological intervention, Loneliness, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Structural equation modeling, Prosocial behavior, Feeling, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine, Original Article, medicine.symptom, business, Psychosocial, Clinical psychology, media_common
Abstract

Background: Chinese adolescents experienced a variety of stressors during the COVID-19 home confinement period. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among adolescents during the COVID-19 period. The study also examined the relationships between psychosocial stressors and adolescents’ EBPs, and explored the potential explanatory value of loneliness for any associations observed. // Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study which included 6,587 adolescents in Taizhou, China between April 16 and May 14, 2020. Adolescents’ EBPs were assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), while subjective feelings of loneliness were assessed using one item from the Children’s Depression Inventory. We applied structural equation modelling to assess direct and indirect associations (explained by loneliness) between psychosocial stressors (study problems, parent-child relationship, and family or friends with COVID-19) and the total difficulties and prosocial scores. // Results: The prevalence of EBPs in the sample was 31.6% for total difficulties and 37.5% for prosocial problems. After adjustment for a range of covariates, the presence of study problems, poor parent-child relationship and family or friends with COVID-19 were significantly associated with a higher SDQ total difficulties score (β=6.20, 21.46, 5.21; P

Published
2021

4. COVID-19 control strategies in Taizhou city, China

Author

Hongbiao Liang, Weiwei Shen, Na He, Yafei Hu, Haijiang Lin, Congcong Guo, and Wenhui Mao

Subjects
China, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Pneumonia, Viral, Control (management), Commission, Disease Outbreaks, Betacoronavirus, Environmental health, Epidemiology, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Cities, Pandemics, Government, SARS-CoV-2, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, Outbreak, United States, Geography, Communicable Disease Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S, Coronavirus Infections
Abstract

On 21 January 2020, the city of Taizhou, China, reported its first imported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case and subsequently the number of cases rapidly increased.To organize the emergency responses, the government of Taizhou established on 23 January 2020 novel headquarters for prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak, by coordinating different governmental agencies. People at high risk of acquiring COVID-19, as well as probable and confirmed cases, were identified and quarantined. The government closed public venues and limited gatherings. The Taizhou Health Commission shared information about identified COVID-19 patients and probable cases with affected agencies. To timely track and manage close contacts of confirmed cases, Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention did epidemiological investigations. Medical institutions or local centers for disease control and prevention reported confirmed cases to the national Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Taizhou, a city in Zhejiang province with about 6 million residents, reported 18 confirmed COVID-2019 cases by 23 January 2020, which ranked it third globally in number of cases after Wuhan and Xiaogan cities in the Hubei province.In total, 146 confirmed cases (85 cases imported and 61 cases through community transmission) and no deaths due to COVID-19 had been reported in Taizhou by 1 June 2020. Between 16 February and 1 June 2020, no confirmed case had been reported.Identifying and managing imported cases and people at risk for infection, timely information sharing, limiting gatherings and ensuring collaborations between different agencies were important in controlling COVID-19.Le 21 janvier 2020, la ville de Taizhou, en Chine, a signalé son premier cas importé de maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Le nombre de cas a ensuite rapidement augmenté.Afin d'organiser les interventions d'urgence, les autorités de Taizhou ont établi le 23 janvier 2020 un nouveau quartier général chargé de la prévention et du contrôle de l'épidémie de COVID-19, fruit de la coordination entre différents organismes gouvernementaux. Les personnes présentant un risque élevé de contracter la COVID-19, ainsi que les cas probables et confirmés, ont été identifiés et mis en quarantaine. Les autorités ont fermé les lieux publics et limité les rassemblements. La Commission de la santé de Taizhou a partagé des informations relatives aux patients COVID-19 identifiés et aux cas probables avec les agences concernées. Pour retracer et gérer sans délai les contacts rapprochés des cas confirmés, le Centre de prévention et de contrôle des maladies de Taizhou a mené des investigations épidémiologiques. De leur côté, les établissements médicaux ou centres locaux de prévention et de contrôle des maladies ont notifié les cas confirmés au Centre national de prévention et de contrôle des maladies.Taizhou est une ville de la province du Zhejiang et compte environ 6 millions d'habitants. Elle avait dénombré 18 cas de COVID-2019 confirmés au 23 janvier 2020, ce qui la classait au troisième rang mondial en nombre de cas après Wuhan et Xiaogan, dans la province du Hubei.Taizhou a enregistré un total de 146 cas confirmés (85 cas importés et 61 cas de transmission communautaire) et aucun décès dû à la COVID-19 au 1Identifier et gérer les cas importés ainsi que les personnes à haut risque d'infection, partager les informations au moment opportun, limiter les rassemblements et assurer une bonne collaboration entre les différents organismes sont autant de mesures qui jouent un rôle essentiel dans le contrôle de la COVID-19.El 21 de enero de 2020, la ciudad de Taizhou (China) comunicó su primer caso importado de la enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) y posteriormente el número de casos se incrementó rápidamente.El 23 de enero de 2020, el gobierno de Taizhou estableció una nueva sede para la prevención y el control del brote de la COVID-19, a través de la coordinación de distintos organismos gubernamentales para organizar las respuestas de emergencia. Se identificaron y entraron en cuarentena las personas con alto riesgo de padecer la COVID-19, así como los casos probables y confirmados. El gobierno cerró los lugares públicos y restringió las reuniones. La Comisión de Salud de Taizhou compartió información sobre los pacientes identificados con la COVID-19 y los casos probables con los organismos afectados. El Centro para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades de Taizhou realizó investigaciones epidemiológicas para hacer un seguimiento oportuno y manejar los contactos cercanos de los casos confirmados. Las instituciones médicas o los centros locales para el control y la prevención de enfermedades reportaron los casos confirmados al Centro Nacional para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades.Taizhou, una ciudad de la provincia de Zhejiang que tiene unos 6 millones de habitantes, comunicó 18 casos confirmados de la COVID-2019 al 23 de enero de 2020, lo que la situó en el tercer lugar mundial en número de casos después de las ciudades de Wuhan y Xiaogan en la provincia de Hubei.En total, para el 1.º de junio de 2020 se confirmaron 146 casos (85 casos importados y 61 casos por transmisión comunitaria) y no se notificaron muertes por causa de la COVID-19 en Taizhou. Tampoco se notificaron casos confirmados entre el 16 de febrero y el 1.º de junio de 2020.La identificación y la gestión de los casos importados y de las personas en riesgo de infección, el intercambio oportuno de información, la restricción de las reuniones y la garantía de la colaboración entre los distintos organismos fueron importantes para controlar la COVID-19.المشكلة في 21 يناير/كانون ثاني 2020، أعلنت مدينة تايتشو في الصين، عن أول حالة واردة للإصابة بفيروس كورونا 2019 (كوفيد-19)، وبالتالي ازداد عدد الحالات بسرعة. الأسلوب بغرض تنظيم الاستجابات في حالات الطوارئ، قامت الحكومة في تايتشو في 23 يناير/كانون ثاني عام 2020 بإنشاء مقر جديد للوقاية من تفشي كوفيد-19 والسيطرة عليه، عن طريق تنسيق الوكالات الحكومية المختلفة. تم تحديد الأشخاص المعرضين لخطر كبير للإصابة بفيروس كوفيد-19، وكذلك الحالات المحتملة والمؤكدة، وإخضاعهم للحجر الصحي. أغلقت الحكومة الحدائق العامة ومنعت التجمعات المحدودة. قدمت لجنة الصحة في تايتشو معلومات حول مرضى كوفيد-19 الذين تم تحديدهم، وكذلك الحالات المحتملة، مع الوكالات المعنية. ولتتبع المخالطين عن قرب مع الحالات المؤكدة، والتعامل معهم في الوقت المناسب، قام مركز تايتشو لمكافحة الأمراض والوقاية، بإجراء تحقيقات وبائية. قامت المؤسسات الطبية أو المراكز المحلية لمكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها، بالإبلاغ عن الحالات المؤكدة للمركز الوطني لمكافحة الأمراض والوقاية منها. المواقع المحلية أعلنت مدينة تايتشو في مقاطعة تشيجيانج، والتي يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 6 ملايين نسمة، عن 18 حالة مؤكدة للإصابة بكوفيد-19 بحلول يوم 23 يناير/كانون ثاني 2020، مما جعلها تأتي في المرتبة الثالثة على مستوى العالم من حيث عدد الحالات بعد مدينتي ووهان وتشياوجان في مقاطعة هوبي. التغيّرات ذات الصلة في المجمل، تم الإبلاغ عن 146 حالة مؤكدة (85 حالة واردة، و61 حالة عن طريق الانتشار في المجتمع)، ولم يتم الإبلاغ عن أي حالة وفاة بسبب كوفيد-19 في تايتشو بحلول 1 يونيو/حزيران 2020. وخلال الفترة ما بين 16 فبراير/شباط و1 يونيو/حزيران 2020، لم يتم الإبلاغ عن أية حالة مؤكدة. الدروس المستفادة كان من المهم للسيطرة على كوفيد-19، تحديد وإدارة الحالات الواردة والأشخاص المعرضين لخطر الإصابة بالعدوى، وتبادل المعلومات في الوقت المناسب، والحد من التجمعات، وضمان التعاون بين الوكالات المختلفة.2020 年 1 月 21 日，中国台州市报告了首例输入性 2019 冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 病例，随后病例数迅速增加。.为了组织应急响应工作，2020 年 1 月 23 日，台州政府成立了新型指挥部，以便通过协调不同的政府机构来开展 COVID-19 疫情防控工作。确定并隔离 COVID-19 高风险人群以及疑似和确诊病例。政府关闭公共场所并限制聚会。台州市卫生健康委员会与受影响的机构分享了 COVID-19 确诊患者和疑似病例相关信息。为了及时跟踪和管理确诊病例的密切联系人员，台州市疾病预防控制中心进行了流行病学调查。医疗机构或地方疾病预防控制中心向国家疾病预防控制中心报告了确诊病例。.台州市下属浙江省，常住人口约 600 万，截至 2020 年 1 月 23 日，该市已报告 18 例 COVID-2019 确诊病例，在病例数方面排名全球第三，仅次于湖北省的武汉市和孝感市。.截至 2020 年 6 月 1 日，台州总计报告 146 例确诊病例（85 例为输入病例，61 例通过社区传播），无 COVID-19 相关死亡病例。2020 年 2 月 16 日至 6 月 1 日期间，无报告的确诊病例。.确定和管理输入病例和高风险人群、及时共享信息、限制聚会并确保不同机构之间的合作对于控制 COVID-19 非常重要。.21 января 2020 года в городе Тайчжоу, Китай, был зарегистрирован первый ввезенный случай коронавирусной инфекции 2019 (COVID-19), а впоследствии число заболевших стремительно возросло.Для организации экстренного реагирования 23 января 2020 года администрация Тайчжоу создала новые штаб-квартиры с целью предупреждения и борьбы со вспышкой COVID-19 посредством координации действий различных правительственных учреждений. Были выявлены и помещены на карантин лица с высокой степенью риска заражения COVID-19, а также лица с подозрением на заболевание и уже подтвержденным заболеванием. Администрация города закрыла общественные места и ограничила общественные собрания. Комиссия по вопросам здравоохранения Тайчжоу поделилась информацией о выявленных пациентах с COVID-19 и вероятных случаях заболевания с затронутыми государственными учреждениями. Для своевременного отслеживания лиц, находившихся в тесном контакте с лицами с подтвержденным заболеванием, и управления ими Центр по контролю и профилактике заболеваний Тайчжоу провел эпидемиологические исследования. Медицинские учреждения или местные центры по контролю и профилактике заболеваний сообщали данные о подтвержденных случаях заболевания в государственный Центр по контролю и профилактике заболеваний.Тайчжоу, город в провинции Чжэцзян с населением около 6 миллионов человек, к 23 января 2020 года сообщил о 18 подтвержденных случаях заболевания COVID-2019, что позволило ему занять третье место в мире по количеству случаев заболевания после городов Ухань и Сяогань в провинции Хубэй.Всего к 1 июня 2020 года в городе Тайчжоу было зарегистрировано 146 подтвержденных случаев заболевания (из которых 85 ввезенных случаев и 61 случай местного контактного заражения), при этом в Тайчжоу не было зарегистрировано ни одного случая смерти от COVID-19. В период с 16 февраля по 1 июня 2020 года не было зарегистрировано ни одного подтвержденного случая.Выявление ввезенных случаев заболевания и лиц, подверженных риску заражения, и управление ими, своевременный обмен информацией, ограничение общественных собраний и обеспечение сотрудничества между различными государственными учреждениями имели особую важность для борьбы с COVID-19.

Published
2020

6. COVID-19 control strategies in Taizhou city, China.

Author

Haijiang Lin, Congcong Guo, Yafei Hu, Hongbiao Liang, Weiwei Shen, Wenhui Mao, and Na He

Subjects
*PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission, *PREVENTION of communicable diseases, *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations, *CONTACT tracing, *COVID-19, *SOCIAL distancing, *STAY-at-home orders
Abstract

Problem On 21 January 2020, the city of Taizhou, China, reported its first imported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case and subsequently the number of cases rapidly increased. Approach To organize the emergency responses, the government of Taizhou established on 23 January 2020 novel headquarters for prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak, by coordinating different governmental agencies. People at high risk of acquiring COVID-19, as well as probable and confirmed cases, were identified and quarantined. The government closed public venues and limited gatherings. The Taizhou Health Commission shared information about identified COVID-19 patients and probable cases with affected agencies. To timely track and manage close contacts of confirmed cases, Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention did epidemiological investigations. Medical institutions or local centers for disease control and prevention reported confirmed cases to the national Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Local setting Taizhou, a city in Zhejiang province with about 6 million residents, reported 18 confirmed COVID-2019 cases by 23 January 2020, which ranked it third globally in number of cases after Wuhan and Xiaogan cities in the Hubei province. Relevant changes In total, 146 confirmed cases (85 cases imported and 61 cases through community transmission) and no deaths due to COVID-19 had been reported in Taizhou by 1 June 2020. Between 16 February and 1 June 2020, no confirmed case had been reported. Lesson learnt Identifying and managing imported cases and people at risk for infection, timely information sharing, limiting gatherings and ensuring collaborations between different agencies were important in controlling COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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