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Background Aggressive malignant primary orbital tumors are extremely rare in newborns. The current cases further clarify the clinical features of malignant primary orbital tumors in neonates. Case summary At the time of presentation at the Seventh Center of People's Liberation Army General (PLAG) Hospital, the children were 1-, 2- and 5-mo-old, respectively, and included 2 boys and 1 girl. All three cases had unilateral proptosis at birth, and underwent mass excision and histopathologic examination. A peripheral primary neuroectodermal tumor, an aggressive infantile fibromatosis and an embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma were diagnosed, respectively. The first case underwent routine chemotherapy following surgery but died within three months due to worsening condition as the tumor spread throughout the body. The other two children were treated by surgery, and at the follow-up visits 6 mo and 1 year after surgery, respectively, the wound was completed healed, and they had normal growth and development without radiotherapy or chemotherapy. A review of highly uncommon orbital tumors in newborns is also provided. Conclusion Malignant primary tumors should be considered in the presence of unilateral proptosis in newborns.

Blast furnace data processing is prone to problems such as outliers. To overcome these problems and identify an improved method for processing blast furnace data, we conducted an in-depth study of blast furnace data. Based on data samples from selected iron and steel companies, data types were classified according to different characteristics; then, appropriate methods were selected to process them in order to solve the deficiencies and outliers of the original blast furnace data. Linear interpolation was used to fill in the divided continuation data, the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm was used to fill in correlation data with the internal law, and periodic statistical data were filled by the average. The error rate in the filling was low, and the fitting degree was over 85%. For the screening of outliers, corresponding indicator parameters were added according to the continuity, relevance, and periodicity of different data. Also, a variety of algorithms were used for processing. Through the analysis of screening results, a large amount of efficient information in the data was retained, and ineffective outliers were eliminated. Standardized processing of blast furnace big data as the basis of applied research on blast furnace big data can serve as an important means to improve data quality and retain data value.

Crystal plasticity deformation of aluminium plays an important role on the investigation of macro deformation. In this paper, to discuss the effect ot crystal plasticity on the aluminium material behavior, crystal plasticity theory and macro finite element was combined together. The basic theory of crystal plasticity and finite element was introduce and the simulation result of aluminium was given. The stress and strain distribution was discussed and the efficient of the method was shown. It is shown that the orientation of the material and other micro character of the materials all influence the plasticity behavior of the material greatly.

The application of a sodium laser guide star is the key difference between a modern adaptive optics system and traditional adaptive optics system. Especially in system such as multiconjugate adaptive optics, a sodium laser guide star asterism that is formed by several laser guide stars in a certain pattern is required to probe more atmospheric turbulence in different directions. To achieve this, a sodium laser guide star asterism launching platform is required. In this paper, we introduce the sodium laser guide star asterism launching platform built and tested on the 1.8 m telescope of Gaomeigu Observatory. The platform has two functions: one function is to compare the performance of sodium laser guide stars generated by different lasers at the same place, and the other function is to generate a sodium laser guide star asterism with an adjustable shape. The field test results at the beginning of 2021 verified the important role of the platform, which is also the first time that a sodium laser guide star asterism was realized in China.

In this paper, we investigated the impact of the linewidth of a QCW pulsed sodium laser on the brightness performance of a generating sodium laser guide star by using the numerical simulation tool PRS. We compared the field test results with the simulation results for two TIPC’s 30W class sodium guide star lasers and found the results are in good agreement which proves the tool can be used for prediction. Then, we used the tool to study the influence of D2b repumping and different linewidths from 10MHz to 1GHz on the coupling efficiency and the photon return flux. For the TIPC’s QCW pulsed solid-state laser, when the on-sky power density is 1 W/m2, the coupling efficiency is 79.6 (photons/s/W/(atoms/m2)) without D2b repumping, however, the value is up to 213.3 (photons/s/W/(atoms/m2)) with 15% D2b enabled and is increased by 168% than the value without D2b; when the power density reaches 10 W/m2, the coupling efficiencies without D2b and with 15% D2b are 66.6 and 233.6 (photons/s/W/(atoms/m2)), respectively. The results show that for the QCW pulsed laser, D2b repumping is necessary. With D2b enabled, if the spectral linewidth is too wide or too narrow, the photon return flux will be adversely affected. The return flux of 60MHz is 52.5% higher than that of 1GHz, while the return flux of 300MHz is 37.8% higher than that of 10 MHz when the laser power is 100W.

Purpose: To present a relatively uncommon case with a secondary iris cyst in the anterior chamber and its successful management with an anterior chamber mass excision surgery. Case report: A 46-year-old Chinese woman presented with a dark shadow in her left eye for 6 months without any other discomfort. She had a history of blunt ocular trauma by a badminton strike 3 years ago. Slit-lamp examination showed a small, nearly circular, sharply demarcated, and movable mass in the anterior chamber OS, which could change its position with head tilt. The anterior segment optical coherence tomography revealed a well-circumscribed cystic lesion in the anterior chamber with higher reflective outer layer and lower internal reflectivity. An anterior chamber mass removal surgery was performed without recurrence up to 1 year. Conclusion: Secondary free-floating iris cyst following a blunt trauma is rarely reported. It is relatively stable and nonprogressive so it may remain asymptomatic for a long time. Appropriate imaging techniques are necessary for facilitating diagnosis and therapy. Therapeutic management should be considered if visual symptoms arise, especially when complications occur.

Inflammation is considered to be critical in the pterygium progression and recurrence. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Herein, we investigated the potential role of RNA binding protein human antigen R (HuR) responsible for the impact of inflammation on pterygium development. The expression of HuR and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) in pterygium and normal conjunctiva was detected with immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The influence of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on HuR expression and cellular distribution was determined with western blot and immunofluorescence. The pterygium fibroblast (PTF) migration was determined with scratch wound healing assay and Transwell migration assay. MMP-9 production was determined with qRT-PCR and gelatin zymography. The interaction between HuR and MMP-9 was investigated with RNP immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by RT-PCR and messenger RNA (mRNA) stability analysis. HuR and MMP-9 expression are elevated in pterygium, especially progressive pterygium compared with normal conjunctiva. IL-1β could increase the expression and nucleus-cytoplasm shuttle of HuR in cultured PTFs. HuR mediated the stimulatory effect of IL-1β on PTF migration and MMP-9 production. HuR bound to MMP-9 mRNA and in turn increased it stability. Our results suggest that posttranscriptional regulation of MMP-9 via stabilizing mRNA by HuR might contribute to the stimulatory effect of inflammatory factor IL-1β on pterygium progression. These findings shed light on the pathogenesis of pterygium and provide a promising target for adjuvant treatment of pterygium.

Multiple synthetic beacons are required for atmospheric-turbulence compensation in an extended-field-of-view multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) telescope. In this paper, we report on the first successful implementation of a microsecond-pulse sodium guidestars constellation laser system, based on a small angle precise polarized combining and splitting technology. At Lijiang Observatory of China, four-ways ∼20 W yellow laser beam with kHz repetition-rate and hundred-μs pulse width were projected into the sky through one small-aperture launching telescope, and generated a distinctive four-point grouping on a field of view of 40″ with variable configurations of linear, parallelogram, rhomboid and square. The sodium return signal could easily avoid Rayleigh light interference by the pulse synchro controlling technology delivering a higher spatial resolution. Moreover, the increase in return photons for alternated circularly and alternated linearly polarized light has been investigated. We believe that the above results could serve as a future reference for the MCAO system on large-aperture telescopes worldwide.

This work is to establish the fingerprint of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus by HPLC-ELSD method, and to analyze the simulated wildness degree of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in the genuine region of Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Gansu. Compared with wild A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, the quality differences of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in the genuine region were analyzed by identification of chromatographic peaks and similarity evaluation, cluster analysis(CA), principal components analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). HPLC fingerprints of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in different genuine regions are established. The qualitative analysis of mass spectrometry identified 18 components. The similarity evaluation shows that the similarity of 32 batches of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus samples was 0.688-0.993. Among them, the similarity of samples in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia is 0.688-0.993, 0.835-0.989, 0.934-0.988, respectively and the similarity of samples in Gansu is 0.729-0.876 except No. 25 sample. The results of CA show that the samples of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus can be grouped into four categories according to the production area except the No. 11 and No. 25 samples. The results of PCA indicate that 32 batches of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus samples can be clustered according to quality and origin, and the quality of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in Inner Mongolia is the closest to the wild breed. The results of OPLS-DA indicate that there are six components that can distinguish the wild and domestic A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, which are malonylastragaloside Ⅰ, astragaloside Ⅰ, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside-6″-O-malonate, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside, formononetin-7-O-β-D-glycoside-6″-O-malonate, and astrapterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glycoside-6″-O-malonate. The established method can be used to analyze differences between A. membranaceus var. mongholicus origin and planting environment, and can provide references for the protection and replacement of wild A. membranaceus var. mongholicus resources, and the cultivation, processing and production of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of the expression levels of bladder cancer-specific antigen-1 (BLCA-1) in the diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC). The study also determined the relationship between BLCA-1 expression levels and the clinical manifestation of BC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patient samples were derived from 66 cases of BC that presented at the Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, were recruited from April 2014 to May 2015, and 64 healthy control cases. Serum and urine BLCA-1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Urine BLCA-1 levels in BC patients were significantly higher than that found in healthy controls (P

In the past few years, Chinese astronomical community is actively testing astronomical sites for several new optical/infrared ground-based telescopes. These site testing campaigns conducted were mainly focused on fundamental performances of the site, such as cloud coverage, seeing, temperature, etc. With increasing interests in sodium laser guide star adaptive optics for these new telescopes in the Chinese astronomical community, it is interesting to investigate the performance of the laser guide star at these sites, especially considering that the sodium laser guide star's on-sky performance is significantly influenced by sites' local performances, such as geomagnetic field, sodium layer dynamics, density of air molecule, etc. In this paper, we studied sodium laser guide star's performance of a 20W class Quasi-CW pulsed laser developed by TIPC with numerical simulation for five selected sites in China.

Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is a class of epigenetic regulatory complexes that normally represses gene expression by catalyzing and/or recognizing chromatin modifications. PRC1 mainly functions in stem cell maintenance, cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation and related processes. PRC1 also have aberrant functions which has been implicated in many types of developmental diseases and cancers. Mammalian PRC1 complexes are divided into six subtypes based on their composition and function; subtypes include PRC1.1 to PRC1.6. Each PRC1 subtype regulates a unique collection of target genes. The PRC1.6 complex subtype plays key roles in specifically repressing transcription of genes controlling germ cell development in embryonic stem cells and other somatic cell types. Recent research demonstrates that the PRC1.6 complex is also crucial for the timely activation of the germ line of specific genes during spermatogenesis, which is essential for proper gonad development. In this review, we summarize the identification of molecular functions of each core component of the PRC1.6 complex including how it recognizes and represses germ line specific genes. We also update the biological roles of this complex in regulating the spatiotemporal expression of germ line specific genes during embryonic development, gonad development, and spermatogenesis. Lastly, the crosstalk between the PRC1.6 complex and the other main epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involved in controlling spermatogenesis is discussed. Our discussion of the PRC1.6 complex in regulating germ line specific genes informs the studies of molecular processes of spermatogenesis and contributes to the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of male infertility.

As one crucial component for the latest generation of adaptive optics, tremendous efforts have been put into the development of high performance 20 W class sodium laser guide star laser system. Two such systems, the continuous wave laser by Toptica, and the quasi-continuous pulse laser by TIPC were extensively studied with simulation and field tests. A new type of 20 W class sodium laser, macro–micro pulse laser, is currently being developed by CIOMP. In this paper, we will study its on-sky performance with simulation based on Monte Carlo rate equation method. The predicted coupling efficiency for this laser in the zenith direction in Changchun is 179.73 photons s−1 W−1/(atoms m−2). The variation of coupling efficiency of this type of laser with pointing direction and the effect of D2b repumping are also studied and reported in this paper.

High expression of connexins was found in a variety of cancers, but their role is still controversial. We investigated whether connexin43 (Cx43) contributed to bladder carcinogenesis through MAPK activation. In this study, we found that Cx43 expression was significantly increased in bladder cancer tissues and cell line. Overexpression of Cx43 in bladder cancer 5637 cells increased cell proliferation, promoted cell cycle progression, and inhibited apoptosis. Western blot showed that JNK and ERK pathways were dramatically activated in Cx43-overexpressed cells. Conversely, knockdown of Cx43 inhibited cell proliferation by increasing apoptosis and causing cell cycle arrest, concomitant with inhibition of JNK and ERK signaling. In addition, JNK and ERK pathways were also activated in bladder cancer tissues. In conclusion, abnormal high expression and cytoplasmic localization of Cx43 contributed to bladder cancer. Inhibition of Cx43 activity could be a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing the progression of bladder cancer.

Purpose To evaluate retinal segmented layer alterations in optic neuritis (ON) in an AQP4-Ab seropositive (AQP4-Ab+/ON) cohort and in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) with ON eyes (NMO-ON) compared with an AQP4-Ab seronegative ON (AQP4-Ab−/ON) cohort using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods We recruited 109 patients with ON (161 eyes) and 47 healthy controls. All patients with ON were subdivided into three subcohorts: 37 patients (54 eyes) with AQP4-Ab+/ON, 45 patients (65 eyes) with AQP4-Ab−/ON and 27 patients (42 eyes) with NMO-ON. All subjects were evaluated for their peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) and inner macular segmented layer using OCT. Results AQP4-Ab+/patients with ON had the same structural injury patterns as patients with NMO-ON, and the injury patterns were distinct from those of AQP4-Ab−/patients with ON. NMO-ON and AQP4-Ab+/ON preferentially damaged the pRNFL (all p=0.000), the macular retinal nerve fibre layer (mRNFL; p=0.000 and 0.032, respectively), and the inner plexiform layer (IPL; p=0.000 and 0.006, respectively) without differences in the retinal ganglion cell layer (p=0.106 and 0.374, respectively) compared with AQP4-Ab−/patients with ON. The thickness of the inner nuclear layer (INL) increased in NMO-ON (p=0.043) compared with that of AQP4-Ab−/ON without a significant difference in AQP4-Ab+/ON versus AQP4-Ab−/ON (p=0.353). When the thickness of the inferior nasal quadrant (NI) of the pRNFL was reduced to ≤46.5 μm (area under the curve 0.772, sensitivity 89.2% and specificity 57.5%) 6 months after ON onset, NMO was considered. Conclusions AQP4-Ab+/ON produced similar structural injury patterns as NMO-ON. The pRNFL, mRNFL and IPL in the two types of ON and the INL in NMO-ON suffered more damage than those in AQP4-Ab−/ON, which could be associated with strong aquaporin-4 expression. The thickness of the NI of the pRNFL could be a potential clue for predicting ON progression to definite NMO.

Based on the nanofiltration mass transfer model, the enhanced separation behavior of ephedrine in organic solution was studied. In the experiment, the sensitive region of ethanol concentration and pH on the rejection of ephedrine was screened out by Box-Behnken central composite experiment design. Furthermore, to analyze the separation regularity of ephedrine and organic solution, the correlation between mass transfer coefficient and concentration of organic solvent was fitted with the changed organic solution by nanofiltration mass transfer mathematical model. Experiments showed the enhanced separation behavior, the decrease in the mass transfer coefficient while the increase in ethanol concentration from 20% to 40%, MWCO at 450 and pH 6.0. Under the same conditions, the enhanced separation behavior was appeared as the solvent changed into methanol and acetonitrile, the enhanced effect was positively correlated with the concentration of the three common organic solvents, and the effect order was acetonitrileethanolmethanol. This study took ephedrine as an example, and explored the mechanism of nanofiltration separation in the environment of organic solution, so as to provide references for nanofiltration separation for heat-sensitive traditional Chinese medicine of alkaloid.

This work addresses the issues of decreased efficiency and static pressures of a centrifugal fan under variable working conditions (VWCs). A design method for the volute radius with flow-correcting coefficients and an area factor was proposed. The model of the design method was solved using genetic algorithms in MATLAB. The volute was designed for two cases: with area constraints and without area constraints. Computational fluid dynamics was used in the numerical simulations of the original fan and the two others with modified volute under VWCs, and corresponding performance curves were obtained. The internal flow fields of the three types of fan volutes were analysed for the cases under 40%, 100%, and 130% loads. The results indicate that the efficiency and static pressure of the two designed fans were improved under VWCs. The backwash at the outlet tongue, volute outlet static pressure fluctuation, and the swirl effects inside the volute were all reduced. The volute fan with area constraints exhibited the best performance under VWCs.

A series of 2-oxazolines were prepared by the condensation of aldehydes with 2-aminoethanol in the presence of molecular iodine and potassium carbonate in t-BuOH at 35–40 °C under ultrasound irradiation. The easy work-up procedure and moderate to good yields are the advantages of this methodology.

To investigate the macro and micro behaviors of TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steel under biaxial loading, experiment and finite element simulation were carried out for TRIP780 steel under proportional biaxial tension with displacement ratio of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1, respectively. The results show that cruciform specimens of TRIP780 steel fractured under proportional biaxial stretching when effective strain was about 1.5%, and fracture was always generated on the cross arm or cross links. During biaxial tension, stress and strain components in x and y directions of the center of the samples have the same nonlinear developing tendency, decreasing in one direction and increasing in another direction. Equal biaxial stretching stress state was helpful for retained austenite-martensite transformation than the other biaxial stress state. With increasing displacement ratio (DR) from 1:1 to 4:1, corresponding stress distributed unevenly on the yield ellipse from 30° to 60° in the first quadrant of stress space and corresponding retained austenite volume fraction distributed symmetrically in bow tie format.

Based on the molecular sieving and solution-diffusion effect in nanofiltration separation, the correlation between initial concentration and mass transfer coefficient of three typical phenolic acids from Salvia miltiorrhiza was fitted to analyze the relationship among mass transfer coefficient, molecular weight and concentration. The experiment showed a linear relationship between operation pressure and membrane flux. Meanwhile, the membrane flux was gradually decayed with the increase of solute concentration. On the basis of the molecular sieving and solution-diffusion effect, the mass transfer coefficient and initial concentration of three phenolic acids showed a power function relationship, and the regression coefficients were all greater than 0.9. The mass transfer coefficient and molecular weight of three phenolic acids were negatively correlated with each other, and the order from high to low is protocatechualdehyderosmarinic acidsalvianolic acid B. The separation mechanism of nanofiltration for phenolic acids was further clarified through the analysis of the correlation of molecular weight and nanofiltration mass transfer coefficient. The findings provide references for nanofiltration separation, especially for traditional Chinese medicine with phenolic acids.

To separate chlorogenic acid from low concentration ethanol and explore the influence of Donnan effect and solution-diffusion effect on the nanofiltration separation rule. The experiment showed that solution pH and ethanol volume percent had influences on the separation of chlorogenic acid. Within the pH values from 3 to 7 for chlorogenic acid in 30% ethanol, the rejection rate of chlorogenic acid was changed by 70.27%. Through the response surface method for quadratic regression model, an interaction had been found in molecule weight cut-off, pH and ethanol volume percent. In fixed nanofiltration apparatus, the existence states of chlorogenic acid determinedits separation rules. With the increase of ethanol concentration, the free form chlorogenic acid was easily adsorbed, dissolved on membrane surface and then caused high transmittance due to the solution-diffusion effect. However, at the same time, due to the double effects of Donnan effect and solution-diffusion effect, the ionic state of chlorogenic acid was hard to be adsorbed in membrane surface and thus caused high rejection rate. The combination of Box-Behnken design and response surface analysis can well optimize the concentrate process by nanofiltration, and the results showed that nanofiltration had several big advantages over the traditional vacuum concentrate technology, meanwhile, and solved the problems of low efficiency and serious component lossesin the Chinese medicines separation process for low concentration organic solvent-water solution.

Simple and eco-friendly synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles is described. The reaction is performed in absolute ethanol at room temperature, using a catalytic amount of montmorillonite K-10, and with continuous bubbling of air as oxidant. Simplicity, ease of handling of the system, an environmentally friendly and reusable catalyst, a plentiful, inexpensive, and safe oxidant, and mild conditions are the main advantages of this procedure.

Two new coumarin derivatives bearing 2-aminothiazole moiety were synthesized and the molecular structures were confirmed by NMR and HRMS. In acetonitrile, C1 exhibited a selective fluorescence enhancement effect to Mg2+ among the metal ions examined. C2 showed a selective fluorescence quenching effect to Co2+.