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Vitamin C is the main vitamin source in potato tubers, and its antioxidant activity is known to benefit human health. To improve the vitamin C content and understand its accumulation patterns, we selected 10 advanced clones with high vitamin C content from 268 clones. The levels of the selected clones ranged from 32.3 to 38.9 mg·100 g−1 fresh weight. Among them, four double-cropping clones with short dormancy were selected for further analysis. The vitamin C content of the potato tubers from six potato clones, including two control cultivars, ‘Dejima’ and ‘Chubaek’, was determined on specific days after planting (DAP) and during development. Developmental stages were categorized by weight: I (5–10 g), II (30–40 g), III (70–80 g), and IV (> 120 g). Vitamin C content was highest 90 DAP and dropped slowly by 100 and 110 DAP. Until 90 DAP, we found that developmental stages I and II showed higher contents of vitamin C; however, there were small differences by developmental stage (I to IV) by 100 and 110 DAP. In conclusion, vitamin C content was higher in younger tubers than in mature tubers, and its content was highest 90 DAP in the selected clones. During storage, vitamin C content significantly declined in all clones. The decrease was highest in H06035-4 and H06085-2 compared to ‘Chubaek’ and ‘Dejima’, and the differences between selected clones and control varieties narrowed after 4 months of storage. When we consider the agronomic characteristics and consistency of high vitamin C content, H06035-4 was selected as a high vitamin C content promising line.

Fagopyrum genus is composed of about 20 species and among them two major species, common buckwheat (F. esculentum) and tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum). SSR markers are only reported in common buckwheat with lower numbers based on enriched repeat libraries and next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a cost-effective alternative. Here we report the development of new cDNA SSR (cSSR) markers characterized from transcriptome sequence data of F. esculentum and F. tataricum using NGS and these cSSR markers were applied for the validation of buckwheat germplasm. From the transcriptome sequences, a total of 8,360 and 6,518 putative cSSR markers were identified in common and tartary buckwheat, respectively, using SSR Locator. Among the cSSR markers, tetra-mer repeats are most abundant and occurred in rates of 54.9 and 37.3% in common and tartary buckwheat, respectively. To test the usefulness of newly developed cSSR markers with previously developed SSR markers based on the SSR motif enrichment library, in analysis of genetic relationship in tartary buckwheat, we selected five representative cSSR markers and applied to investigate the polymorphism of tartary buckwheat germplasm and found these markers can be applied in genetic diversity of germplasm with high polymorphism.