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Background: The current method for liver graft implantation during the anhepatic phase is complex. Therefore, this study aimed to introduce a modified orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) technique with major vascular reconstruction using cuff technique to simplify the process of liver graft implantation during the anhepatic phase. Methods: Twenty-four canines were randomly assigned to two groups: the modified orthotopic liver transplantation group (M-OLT, n = 12) and the control group (n = 12). All animals were randomly assigned to the donor or recipient groups. The recipients received orthotopic liver transplantation using a modified technique in the M-OLT group, and OLT using traditional implantation technique without venovenous bypass was performed in the control group. The donor and recipient characteristics were compared between the two groups. Vascular anastomotic patency was evaluated using angiography immediately and one week after surgery. Results: All recipients underwent successful liver transplantation. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex, body weight, or cold ischemia time of the donor liver. However, recipients in the M-OLT group had a shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, shorter anhepatic phase, shorter vascular occlusion time, and shorter warm ischemia time than that in the control group (all p

End-to-end transmission is an essential pattern in current Internet. It had brought obvious conveniences and potential hazard simultaneously. New network technology provides plenty of opportunities to avoid the harmful influences. After reviewing the identifier-based network, a candidate solution of future network, we proposed a smart collaborative connection management scheme for improving the dependability. Comparing with the conventional approaches, our scheme can protect the hosts via intermediate network equipments. During transmission process, the current usage pattern will not be influenced. Traditional unicast can be easily and smoothly enabled. The details of the scheme design are presented via four perspectives of connection identifier, i.e., communication mode, generation, distribution, and deployment. Then the supporting approaches of multipath transport, service migration, network mobility, P2P distribution, and application layer multicast are carefully investigated. The results of implementation and validation illustrate that the performances of new scheme are acceptable. We expect that this paper could provide a compatible and effective solution for both current and future Internet.

Smart identifier network (SINET)has an advantage of being aware of the accurate traffic matrix. Traffic ma-trix was use as the constraint, model on load balancing routing problem, and transform the primal problem into dual problem by using Lagrange function. Therefore,the optimization goal of the dual problem can be easily achieved. In or-der to achieve the dual problem optimization goal,a traffic matrix based load balancing routing algorithm (TM-LB)was proposed. By performing the TM-LB,the control plane can plan paths for subsequent traffic according to network fluctu-ation. OMNET++ was used to run the experiment simulation based on NSFnet topology. The results show that TM-LB can better reduce congestion and realize load balancing, compared with traditional routing mechanism. Finally, a proof-of-concept was built implementation and carry out experiments for testing the overhead of TM-LB algorithm.

A cache allocation policy(CA)of service contents along delivery paths was proposed for the smart collabora-tive network.CA allocates on-path caches to service contents based on their popularity,expecting to fully and efficiently utilize the cache resource along the delivery path and further improving the network performance.The performance of proposed policy CA was evaluated under a 5-layer tree topology and a 279-node real network topology.The results show that CA outperforms others in terms of tested performance indexes.Compared with LCE(leave copy everywhere)used by named data networking(NDN),CA reduces the distance that users fetch service contents over 20%.

The significant changes enabled by the fog computing had demonstrated that Internet of Things (IoT) urgently needs more evolutional reforms. Limited by the inflexible design philosophy; the traditional structure of a network is hard to meet the latest demands. However, Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a promising option to bridge and cover these enormous gaps. In this paper, a Smart Collaborative Caching (SCC) scheme is established by leveraging high-level ICN principles for IoT within fog computing paradigm. The proposed solution is supposed to be utilized in resource pooling, content storing, node locating and other related situations. By investigating the available characteristics of ICN, some challenges of such combination are reviewed in depth. The details of building SCC, including basic model and advanced algorithms, are presented based on theoretical analysis and simplified examples. The validation focuses on two typical scenarios: simple status inquiry and complex content sharing. The number of clusters, packet loss probability and other parameters are also considered. The analytical results demonstrate that the performance of our scheme, regarding total packet number and average transmission latency, can outperform that of the original ones. We expect that the SCC will contribute an efficient solution to the related studies.

As a basic prerequisite for worm detection based on computational intelligence in networks with locator/identifier separation, it is well worth considering the influence on worm propagation due to the incoming locator/identifier separation. In this paper, according to the characteristics of locator/identifier separation, we systematically analyze the mitigation of worm propagation in three aspects: address semantics, address space and mapping delay. By applying the classical AAWP and SIR worm propagation models, we give a quantitative comparison between today's Internet and networks with locator/identifier separation. In particular, our research results show that, the characteristics of locator/identifier separation can help to markedly mitigate worm propagation, and networks with locator/identifier separation are more resistant to worm propagation than today's Internet.

With the rapid growth of wireless mobile networks and the proliferation of user-generated content, ensuring efficient and effective content moderation has become imperative. To address the challenges posed by the increasing workload in content moderation, along with the lack of management in third-party moderation, this paper presents a decentralized quality management mechanism for content moderation in wireless mobile networks. Our approach leverages permissioned blockchain to establish a transparent and trustworthy infrastructure. Through the utilization of smart contracts, we automate content moderation management rules, thereby enhancing management efficiency. Our mechanism combines quality' evaluation and monetary incentives based on historical authenticity data. This not only incentivizes participants to consistently provide high-quality services but also ensures fairness within the system. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in encouraging high-quality contributions, deterring low-quality data from bad-behaved participants, and improving performance. Security analysis reveals that the cost of collusion outweighs the potential benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult to give an accurate judgement of whether the traffic model fit the actual traffic. The traditional method is to compare the Hurst parameter, data histogram and autocorrelation function. The method of comparing Hurst parameter cannot give exact results and judgement. The method of comparing data histogram and autocorrelation only gives a qualitative judgement. Based on linear discriminant analysis we proposed a novel arithmetic. Utilizing this arithmetic we analysed some sets of data with large and little differences. We also analysed some sets of data generated by network simulator. The analysis result is accurate. Comparing with traditional method, this arithmetic is useful and can conveniently give an accurate judgement for complex network traffic trace. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cyclometalated greenish-yellow emitter 2,3-diphenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine iridium(III) complex is successfully synthesized and used to fabricate phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. The optimized device exhibits a greenish-yellow emission with the peak at 523 nm and a strong shoulder at 557 nm, corresponding to Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.38, 0.58). The full width at half maximum of the device is 93 nm, which is broader than the fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium [Ir(ppy)3] based reference device of 78 nm. Meanwhile, a maximum current efficiency of 62.6 cd/A (47.5 lm/W) is obtained. This result is higher than a maximum current efficiency of 54.8 cd/A (43 lm/W) of the Ir(ppy)3 based device. The results indicate that this new iridium complex may have potential applications in fabricating high color rendering index white organic light emitting diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To design a miniature magnetically anchored and controlled camera system to reduce the number of trocars which are required for laparoscopy., Methods: The system consists of a miniature magnetically anchored camera with a 30° downward angle, an external magnetically anchored unit, and a vision output device. The camera weighs 12 g, measures Φ10.5 mm × 55 mm and has two magnets, a vision model, a light source, and a metal hexagonal nut. To test the prototype, the camera was inserted through a 12-mm conventional trocar in an ex vivo real liver laparoscopic training system. A trocar-less laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed 6 times using a 12-mm and a 5-mm conventional trocar. In addition, the same procedure was performed in four canine models., Results: Both procedures were successfully performed using only two conventional laparoscopic trocars. The cholecystectomy was completed without any major complication in 42 min (38-45 min) in vitro and in 50 min (45-53 min) using an animal model. This camera was anchored and controlled by an external unit magnetically anchored on the abdominal wall. The camera could generate excellent image. with no instrument collisions., Conclusion: The camera system we designed provides excellent optics and can be easily maneuvered. The number of conventional trocars is reduced without adding technical difficulties., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this study.