41 results on '"Hong-Guang Guo"'
Search Results
2. The role of nonacid reflux in laryngopharyngeal reflux diseases
- Author
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Jing Zhao, Mukun Wu, Jiasen Wang, Hong-Guang Guo, and Jinrang Li
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Esophageal pH Monitoring ,Alkaline reflux ,Gastroenterology ,Consistency test ,03 medical and health sciences ,Laryngopharyngeal reflux ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ,Humans ,Medicine ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Consistency analysis ,Kappa value ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Diagnostic Tests, Routine ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Reflux ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Hypopharynx ,Otorhinolaryngology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Non acid reflux ,business ,Esophageal pH monitoring - Abstract
To analyze the role of nonacid reflux in laryngopharyngeal reflux diseases (LPRD). From January 2014 to April 2019, 344 patients associated with LPRD underwent 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance–pH monitoring, and their reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) were recorded. The numbers of acid, weakly acidic and alkaline reflux events in the laryngopharynx were counted, and the consistency analysis of the results with the results of the RSI and RFS was conducted. Among the 344 patients, nonacid reflux events accounted for 74.1% (1367/1845) of the all reflux events. There were 111 patients with ≥ 3 acid reflux events, 218 patients with ≥ 3 any kinds of reflux events, and 257 patients with positive results of RSI or RFS. Taking the results of the RSI and or RFS as a reference, the sensitivity, specificity and consistency test Kappa value for the diagnosis of LPRD according to the existence of ≥ 3 acid reflux events were 41.2%, 94.2% and 0.228, respectively. With the existence of three or more all kinds of reflux events as the standard, the sensitivity, specificity and consistency test Kappa value were 76.7%, 74.7% and 0.449, respectively. The nonacid reflux events account for the highest proportion of laryngopharyngeal reflux events, and the consistency of the results of RSI and or RFS with all reflux events is higher than that with only acid reflux events, that indicates nonacid reflux may play an important role in LPRD.
- Published
- 2020
3. 'Six in One' Management Aiming at Improving Pump Inspection Period of ASP Flooding
- Author
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Chang-ming Zhao, Qing-guo Wang, Gong-shuai Guan, Hong-guang Guo, Ji-qiong Liu, De-lan Zhang, De-yu Zhang, and Xiao-cui Xu
- Published
- 2022
4. Implementation method of multi-terminal DC control system
- Author
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Yi, Liu, primary, Hao-Ran, Huang, additional, Jun-Wen, Zhou, additional, Hong-Guang, Guo, additional, and Yu-Yong, Zhou, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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5. Photochemical degradation of ciprofloxacin in UV and UV/H2O2 process: kinetics, parameters, and products
- Author
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Jin-Shan Gu, Yu-liang Gu, Wenhai Chu, Lei Li, Hong-guang Guo, Yongji Zhang, and Naiyun Gao
- Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Photodissociation ,Kinetics ,Substituent ,General Medicine ,Tandem mass spectrometry ,Photochemistry ,Pollution ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Degradation (geology) ,Moiety ,Water treatment ,Hydrogen peroxide - Abstract
Photochemical degradation of fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water by UV and UV/H₂O₂ were investigated. The degradation rate of CIP was affected by pH, H₂O₂ dosage, as well as the presence of other inorganic components. The optimized pH value and H₂O₂ concentration were 7.0 and 5 mM. Carbonate and nitrate both impeded CIP degradation. According to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, four and 16 products were identified in UV and UV/H₂O₂ system, respectively. Proposed degradation pathways suggest that reactions including the piperazinyl substituent, quinolone moiety, and cyclopropyl group lead to the photochemical degradation of CIP. Toxicity of products assessed by Vibrio qinghaiensis demonstrated that UV/H₂O₂ process was more capable on controlling the toxicity of intermediates in CIP degradation than UV process.
- Published
- 2012
6. Degradation of chlorothalonil by ultrasonic irradiation: Kinetics and impact factors
- Author
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Zhe Chen, Naiyun Gao, Lei Li, Hong-guang Guo, and Xuan-xiong Jin
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reaction mechanism ,Chlorothalonil ,Chemistry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Kinetics ,Sonochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Reaction rate constant ,Mechanics of Materials ,Degradation (geology) ,Humic acid ,Organic chemistry ,General Materials Science ,Irradiation ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Factors on degradation of chlorothalonil (CLT) in water by high frequency ultrasonic irradiation were investigated. The effects of initial concentration of chlorothalonil, dosages of tertiary butyl alcohol, humic acid and initial pH value on degradation of chlorothalonil, as well as the reaction mechanism were studied. The results reveal that chlorothalonil could be effectively degradated by ultrasonic irradiation. The reaction constant value kapp decreased from 0.014 1 to 0.010 2 min−1 with the initial concentration increasing from 50 to 400 μg/L during 180 min irradiation. Tertiary butyl alcohol had negative effect on chlorothalonil degradation, while lower concentration of humic acid promoted the sonolysis, and kapp declined with the further concentration increasing. The kapp varied little when the pH value ranged from 3.10 to 10.28. It may be concluded that mechanical and pyrolysis process played main roles on the degradation of chlorothalonil in ultrasonic irradiation rather than ·OH attack. The electrical energy per order (EEo) values for sonolysis degradation of CLT were also calculated to evaluate the cost of the process.
- Published
- 2011
7. Role of the Human Retroviruses HTLV-I, HTLV-II and HIV in Leukemia and AIDS
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Corrado Gurgo, Errico Collalti, Genoveffa Franchini, Marvin S. Reitz, Flossie Wong-Staal, Sandra Colombini, Hong-Guang Guo, and Robert C. Gallo
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Leukemia ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,business.industry ,medicine ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,business ,Virology - Published
- 2015
8. Novel Organizational Features, Captured Cellular Genes, and Strain Variability Within the Genome of KSHV/HHV8
- Author
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Jianchao Zong, Gary S. Hayward, Donald J. Alcendor, Xiaoqun Zhang, Xiaoyu Wan, Lynn J. Poole, Dolores M. Ciufo, John Nicholas, Hong-Guang Guo, Marvin S. Reitz, Robert T. Sarisky, and Chuang-Jiun Chiou
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Genes, Viral ,Transcription, Genetic ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Locus (genetics) ,Genome, Viral ,Biology ,Genome ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Enhancer ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,Gene ,Genetics ,Zinc finger ,Interleukin-6 ,Genetic Variation ,RNA ,Promoter ,Thymidylate Synthase ,General Medicine ,Molecular biology ,Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase ,Oncology ,chemistry ,DNA, Viral ,Herpesvirus 8, Human ,DNA - Abstract
Strong serologic and molecular probe correlations indicate that the newly discovered gamma herpesvirus KSHV or HHV8 is the likely etiologic agent of all forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma as well as BCBL/PEL and MCD in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two large segments of HHV8 DNA from an AIDS-associated BCBL tumor covering genomic positions 0‐52 kilobase [kb] and 108‐140 kb have been cloned, mapped, and partially sequenced. Our studies have focused on novel viral proteins encoded within a 13-kb divergent locus (DL-B) by nine captured homologues of cellular genes, including vIL-6, vDHFR, vTS, vBcl-2, three C-C beta chemokines (vMIP-1A, vMIP1B, and vBCK), and two LAP/PHD subclass zinc finger proteins (IE1A and IE1B). The HHV-8 vIL-6, vDHFR, vTS, and vBcl-2 proteins have all been shown to be active in a variety of appropriate functional assays, and transcripts from vIL-6, vMIP-1B, vIE1-A, vIE1-B, and vDHFR genes are all expressed as abundant single messenger RNA species after butyrate or phorbol ester (TPA) induction of the lytic cycle in HHV8-positive BCBL cell lines. All of these genes lie within a divergent transcriptional domain that contains a single central enhancer and associated untranslated leader region plus seven distinct proximal promoters, some of which are negatively regulated through AP-1 and ZRE motifs by the EBV ZTA transactivator. This region also encompasses a predicted complex oriLyt domain of 1050 bp that is duplicated in inverted orientation adjacent to the T0.7 latency RNA in another large divergent locus (DL-E). We have previously described three distinct subtypes of the HHV8 genome that differ by 1.0%‐1.5% at the nucleotide level within the ORF26 and ORF75 genes. Certain strains or clades appear to have preferential geographic distributions, but it is not known as yet whether there are any specific disease associations. Interestingly, the A, B, and C subtypes of HHV-8 also proved to differ dramatically in coding content at both the extreme left and right ends of the unique segment of the genome as well as in the positions of the junctions with the terminal repeats. On the left-hand side, the receptor-like ORF-K1 protein is highly variable with A-strain subtypes displaying 15% amino acid differences from C strains and up to 30% differences from B strains. On the right-hand side, two unrelated alternative types of the putative multiple membrane spanning ORF-K15 protein are found. [Monogr Natl Cancer Inst 1998:23:79‐88]
- Published
- 1998
9. A single 13-kilobase divergent locus in the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) genome contains nine open reading frames that are homologous to or related to cellular proteins
- Author
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Vivian Ruvolo, John Nicholas, Hong Guang Guo, Gary S. Hayward, Jianchao Zong, Marvin S. Reitz, and Dolores M. Ciufo
- Subjects
Genes, Viral ,viruses ,Gene Expression ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Genome ,Exon ,Gammaherpesvirinae ,Genomic library ,Chemokine CCL4 ,Genetics ,virus diseases ,Zinc Fingers ,Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins ,Bacteriophage lambda ,Butyrates ,Lytic cycle ,Herpesvirus 8, Human ,Female ,Research Article ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Immunology ,Locus (genetics) ,Genome, Viral ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Cell Line ,Open Reading Frames ,Virology ,Animals ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,RNA, Messenger ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,Gene ,DNA Primers ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,Base Sequence ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Interleukin-6 ,Proteins ,Thymidylate Synthase ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase ,Open reading frame ,Insect Science ,DNA, Viral ,Butyric Acid ,Cattle - Abstract
Two small fragments of a novel human gammaherpesvirus genome known as Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) have been shown to be present in virtually all AIDS and non-AIDS KS lesions, as well as in body cavity-based lymphomas (BCBL) and in multicentric Castleman's disease. We have extended those studies by identifying and sequencing a third fragment of HHV-8 DNA encoding a viral thymidylate synthetase (TS) gene. Use of this viral TS fragment as a probe led to the identification and mapping of a cluster of overlapping phage lambda clones from a BCBL tumor DNA genomic library that spanned 48 kb on the left-hand side of the HHV-8 genome between the equivalents of open reading frame 6 (ORF6) and ORF31 of herpesvirus saimiri (HVS). DNA sequencing of a 17-kb segment encompassing a gammaherpesvirus divergent locus (DL-B) between ORF11 and ORF17 revealed the presence of nine viral ORFs with predicted gene products related to cellular proteins. These include the complete TS gene and a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene, four novel cytokine genes (encoding viral interleukin-6, viral MIP-1A, viral MIP-1B, and BCK) that have not previously been found to be encoded by a virus, and a bcl-2 homolog. This region in HHV-8 also contains the T1.1 abundant lytic cycle nuclear RNA gene and encompasses two genes (or exons) encoding proteins with C4HC3 zinc finger domains of the PHD/leukemia-associated protein subtype. The latter are related to the spliced immediate-early IE1 protein of the gamma-2 class herpesvirus bovine herpesvirus type 4 and a similar motif found in HVS ORF12. Although genes for TS and DHFR enzymes are also encoded by HVS (ORF70 and ORF2), both occur at different genomic loci than in HHV-8, and the HHV-8 DHFR protein is much farther diverged from human DHFR than is the HVS version, implying that they were probably acquired as host cell cDNAs by independent evolutionary events. Transcripts from the IE1-A, IE1-B, DHFR, and MIP-1B genes were all detected by Northern blot hybridization analysis in a BCBL cell line at 12 h after induction with butyrate but were not present before induction, indicating that these are all primarily lytic cycle genes. We conclude that the DL-B locus of gammaherpesviruses displays considerably more variability that previously appreciated and that expression of many of these genes is likely to have important implications for HHV-8 biology and therapy.
- Published
- 1997
10. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated human herpesvirus-8 encodes homologues of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 and interleukin-6
- Author
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Vivian R. Ruvolo, John Nicholas, Gordon R. Sandford, Xiaoyu Wan, Dolores M. Ciufo, Gary S. Hayward, Marvin S. Reitz, Hong Guang Guo, William H. Burns, and Sara B. Hendrickson
- Subjects
viruses ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Endogeny ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,medicine ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,RNA, Messenger ,ORFS ,Chemokine CCL4 ,Interleukin 6 ,Kaposi's sarcoma ,Macrophage inflammatory protein ,Messenger RNA ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Interleukin-6 ,virus diseases ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,General Medicine ,Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Molecular biology ,Open reading frame ,Cell culture ,DNA, Viral ,Herpesvirus 8, Human ,biology.protein - Abstract
Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) has been detected in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions of all types (AIDS-related, classical and endemic), in body-cavity-based B-cell lymphomas (BCBLs) and in le-sions of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). We have identified a major gamma-herpesvirus-divergent locus (DL-B) in HHV-8 DNA encoding several HHV-8 unique open reading frames (ORFs), including a homologue of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and two homologues of macrophage inflammatory protein MIP-1. We show that the HHV-8-encoded IL-6 homologue (vlL-6) shares functional properties with endogenous IL-6 proteins and that both vlL-6 and vMIP-1 transcripts are present at high levels following butyrate induction of an HHV-8+ BCBL cell line. Low amounts of constitutive vlL-6, but not vMIP-1, mRNA were also detected. The presence of a functional IL-6 homologue encoded by HHV-8 may provide a mechanistic model for the hypothesized role of HHV-8 in KS, MCD and BCBL that involves the mitogenic effects of vlL-6 on surrounding cells. MIP-1 proteins may enhance these effects through the chemotactic recruitment of endogenous cy-tokine-producing cells into affected tissues and could potentially influence HIV disease progression in coinfected individuals through interactions with the HIV co-receptor CCR-5.
- Published
- 1997
11. Characterization of a Chemokine Receptor-Related Gene in Human Herpesvirus 8 and Its Expression in Kaposi's Sarcoma
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Yi Wen Jiang, Mark Raffeld, Sandra Colombini, Gary S. Hayward, Marvin S. Reitz, Hong Guang Guo, Erwin Tschachler, Robert C. Gallo, Mariola Sadowska, John Nicholas, and Philip J. Browning
- Subjects
CCR2 ,Genes, Viral ,viruses ,Molecular Sequence Data ,C-C chemokine receptor type 7 ,C-C chemokine receptor type 6 ,CCR8 ,Biology ,Receptors, Interleukin-8A ,Open Reading Frames ,Viral Proteins ,Chemokine receptor ,Capsid ,Antigens, CD ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Virology ,medicine ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Receptors, Cytokine ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,Kaposi's sarcoma ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,Base Sequence ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Interleukin-8 ,virus diseases ,Receptors, Interleukin ,medicine.disease ,DNA, Viral ,Herpesvirus 8, Human ,XCL2 ,Receptors, Chemokine ,CCL21 - Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a recently discovered virus that is highly associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and AIDS-associated body cavity lymphomas, although it is also found in some normal individuals. HHV-8 is related by nucleotide sequence homology to herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), which causes T cell lymphomas in some New World monkeys, and to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a human herpesvirus linked etiologically with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We report that, like HVS but unlike EBV, HHV-8 contains a gene (ORF74) with significant sequence homology to the high-affinity IL-8 receptor, a member of the α (CXC) chemokine receptor family of transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. We also show by reverse transcription PCR that the chemokine receptor-related HHV-8 gene is detectable in some RNA samples from KS tissue, and that its expression varies independently from that of ORF26, a minor capsid protein. The presence of a potential chemokine receptor in HHV-8 and its expression in KS tissue suggests that it may be important in the regulation of viral gene expression and may play a role in the etiology of KS and AIDS-related body cavity lymphomas.
- Published
- 1997
12. [Morphology of cricopharyngeal muscle under suspension laryngeal endoscope]
- Author
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Hong-guang, Guo, Jin-rang, Li, Ya, Liu, Ning, Li, and Dan-heng, Zhao
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Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Laryngeal Diseases ,Male ,Young Adult ,Laryngoscopy ,Pharyngeal Muscles ,Humans ,Female ,Pharyngeal Diseases ,Prospective Studies ,Middle Aged ,Aged - Abstract
To observe the morphologic features of cricopharyngeal muscle (CPM) under suspension laryngeal endoscope.This prospective study was conducted on a series of 100 consecutive patients who undergone endoscopic microlaryngeal surgery with intubation general anesthesia. The suspension laryngoscope was introduced down to postcricoid area approaching esophageal inlet. By lifting the larynx with the laryngoscope, the mucosa-covered cricopharyngeal muscle was easily identified as the mound of tissue just at the posterior pharyngeal wall. The image of cricopharyngeal muscle under the laryngoscope was saved.In 94 out of 100 patients, CPM could be visualized with laryngoscope. In the other 6 patients, both CPM and glottic could not be exposed because of cervical vertebra stiffness and obesity. According to the image of CPM under the laryngoscope, the shape of the CPM was divided into three types. It was named for flat type in which there was no mound of tissue visible at the posterior pharyngeal wall and esophageal cavity could be visible completely, semi-bar type in which there was a bar at the posterior pharyngeal wall and partial esophageal cavity could be visible and full-bar type in which the bar contact esophageal anterior wall and esophageal cavity could not be visible. There were 14(14.9%) patients as flat type, 59(62.8%) as semi-bar type and 21(22.3%) as full-bar type. No significant difference was found between adults group and the aged (≥ 65 years old) group (χ(2) = 1.224, P = 0.747) and reflux associated group and non-reflux associated group respectively (χ(2) = 5.252, P = 0.072).The CPM could be well exposed in most of the patients with suspension laryngeal endoscope. It provides anatomy basis for endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy.
- Published
- 2013
13. [Measurement of objective parameters associated with pharyngeal swallowing function in Chinese adults]
- Author
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Ning, Li, Jin-rang, Li, Jian-jun, Sun, Hong-guang, Guo, Yong, Guo, Wei-hua, Zhao, and Zi-jun, Wang
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Young Adult ,Reference Values ,Humans ,Pharynx ,Female ,Larynx ,Middle Aged ,Healthy Volunteers ,Deglutition - Abstract
To obtain a series of objective criteria associated with pharyngeal swallowing function using dynamic swallow study in Chinese adults.Dynamic videofluoroscopic swallow studies were performed on 80 normal adult volunteers. There were 40 males and 40 females aged from 20 to 60 years old. Measurement software Avidemux 2.5 and Image J were used to measure the objective parameters which were closely related to the pharyngeal swallowing function in the swallowing process, such as maximum displacement of the hyoid bone (HmaxD), pharyngeal transit time (PTT), pharyngeal constriction ratio(PCR), and maximum opening of the esophageal entrance (EEmax).In the 80 adults, the HmaxD, PTT, PCR, and EEmax were (1.91 ± 0.48) cm (x(-) ± s), (0.82 ± 0.15) s, 94.9% ± 3.41%, and (0.91 ± 0.05) cm respectively. The HmaxD of the male (2.04 ± 0.46) cm was significantly larger than that of the female (1.78 ± 0.47) cm (t = 2.44, P = 0.017), but the PTT, PCR, and EEmax had no significant difference between different gender and age groups (P0.05).Objective parameters of the HmaxD, PTT, PCR, and EEmax during swallowing are obtained in Chinese adults. These data are important for assessment of the swallow function and these data provide a foundation for further research on assessment of swallowing function in Chinese.
- Published
- 2013
14. [Electronic laryngoscope for transnasal esophageal examination]
- Author
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Jin-rang, Li, Hong-guang, Guo, and Jian-jun, Sun
- Subjects
Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Young Adult ,Adolescent ,Humans ,Female ,Laryngoscopes ,Middle Aged ,Esophageal Diseases ,Aged - Abstract
To evaluate the value of electronic laryngoscope for transnasal esophagoscopy.The electronic laryngoscope was used for transnasal esophagoscopy in 50 patients from June 2009 to June 2011 in our department. There were 32 males and 18 females with their age ranged from 16-88 years (mean 53.8 years). Before esophagoscopy, 1% ephedrine-dicaine mixture was sprayed into the nasal and pharyngeal cavities for topical anesthesia. The esophagoscopy was used for screening examination in the patients with reflux, globus sensation, dysphagia, head and neck cancer, suspected foreign body, and vocal cord paralysis, etc.The transnasal esophagoscopy with electronic laryngoscope was performed successfully in all the patients. Mild nausea and vomiting occurred in 4 patients, but no patient required to stop the examination. Of the 50 patients, 38 patients (76%) had normal findings and 12 patients (24%) had positive findings of the esophagus. Esophageal cancer was diagnosed in one patient, esophageal foreign body in 2 patients, esophageal injury in one patient, candidal esophagitis in 3 patients, esophagitis in 3 patients, and achalasia of the cardia in 2 patients.The electronic laryngoscope for transnasal esophagoscopy is an alternative to conventional esophagoscopy, which is useful for screening the esophagus in the patients with reflux, globus, dysphagia, head and neck cancer, and suspected foreign body, etc.
- Published
- 2012
15. [Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring in parotid gland surgery]
- Author
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Wei, Yuan, Jian-jun, Sun, Jin-rang, Li, and Hong-guang, Guo
- Subjects
Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Adolescent ,Electromyography ,Middle Aged ,Parotid Neoplasms ,Facial Nerve ,Young Adult ,Monitoring, Intraoperative ,Humans ,Parotid Gland ,Female ,Aged - Abstract
To re-evaluate the value and the methods of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring in parotid gland surgery.Sixty-five cases received intraoperative facial nerve monitoring in parotidectomy (test group) since 2000 - 2008. The facial nerve was identified through central trunk method (n = 18), branch method (n = 35) and mixed method (n = 12). Most patients accepted general anesthesia by incubation. The operating duration and minimum electronic stimulation threshold values of EMG in evoked facial muscle were recorded. Facial nerve was identified though branch method (n = 44) and no intraoperative facial nerve monitoring was performed in parotidectomy (control group).There were four cases (6.1%) of mild temporary paralysis and no permanent post-operative paralysis of facial nerve in the test group. The average operating duration was 1.8 hour. The minimum reactive electronic stimulation threshold of EMG in evoked facial muscle was 0.08 mA. The range of suitable electronic stimulation threshold of EMG was from 0.2 mA to 1.0 mA. While there were nine cases (20.5%) of mild temporary paralysis and two cases (4.5%) of permanent post-operative paralysis of facial nerve in the control group and the average operating duration was 3.0 hours.Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring (IFNM) in parotidectomy can assist a surgeon to confirm and identify the facial nerve and exercise precautions so as to shorten operating duration and prevent potential surgical complications.
- Published
- 2010
16. A VERTICALLY TRANSMITTED HIV-1 GAG-SUBTYPE VARIANT DETECTED IN TAIWAN
- Author
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Hong-Guang Guo and Kenneth Shueh-Shen Chang
- Subjects
Adult ,Base pair ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Population ,Taiwan ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Homology (biology) ,Virus ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ,Humans ,Medicine ,education ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Genetics ,education.field_of_study ,Base Sequence ,Phylogenetic tree ,business.industry ,Infant ,Genes, gag ,chemistry ,HIV-1 ,Female ,business ,DNA - Abstract
The authors used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a segment about 560 base pairs (bp) of HIV-1 gag DNA prepared from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a seropositive Taiwanese pair of mother and infant. TM-1 and TC-1 clones of PCR-amplified DNA derived from the mother and infant respectively showed a 94.5% homology with each other. However the TM-1 and TC-1 sequences exhibited lower degrees of homology i.e. only 85.1% and 85.8% respectively with the corresponding gag segment of a North American HIV-1 subtype (HXB2) and 86.4% and 87.0% respectively with that of a Zairean HIV-1 subtype (Z2Z6). The divergence of TM-1 and TC-1 sequences from those of HXB2 and Z2Z6 is particularly prominent in the first (5 proximal) 200 bp of the cloned DNA segment involving transitions more frequently than transversions. Two additional clones TM-2 and TC-2 derived from the mother and infant were sequenced for the first 200 bp. These four clones showed a high degree of homology (94.7-97.5%) among themselves providing an evidence for transmission of the virus from the mother to the infant. These findings show the epidemiological value of PCR and indicate the presence of a gag subtype of HIV-1 which is distinct from both the North American and Zairean subtypes according to the phylogenetic tree constructed. (authors)
- Published
- 1992
17. [Pharmacological intervention for contact granuloma of the larynx]
- Author
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Jin-Rang, Li, Hong-Guang, Guo, and Xi, Chen
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Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Laryngeal Diseases ,Male ,Granuloma ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Aged - Published
- 2008
18. Characterization of an HIV-1 point mutant blocked in envelope glycoprotein cleavage
- Author
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Vaniambadi S. Kalyanaraman, Fulvia Di Marzo Veronese, Erwin Tschachler, Robert C. Gallo, Hong-Guang Guo, Ranajit Pal, and Marvin S. Reitz
- Subjects
Threonine ,Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay ,viruses ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Mutant ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ,Biology ,Arginine ,Transfection ,Cleavage (embryo) ,Virus ,HIV Envelope Protein gp160 ,Viral envelope ,Virology ,Humans ,Protein Precursors ,Cell Line, Transformed ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Cell fusion ,Base Sequence ,Gene Products, env ,virus diseases ,Molecular biology ,Virus Release ,chemistry ,CD4 Antigens ,DNA, Viral ,HIV-1 ,Glycoprotein ,Protein Processing, Post-Translational ,HeLa Cells ,Plasmids - Abstract
The envelope proteins of retroviruses are derived from a polypeptide precursor protein by cleavage adjacent to a cluster of basic amino acids. Site-specific mutagenesis was used to construct a mutant of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in which the arginine residue at the carboxy-terminus of the gp120 was changed to a threonine residue. This single substitution was sufficient to abolish all detectable cleavage of the gp160 envelope precursor polypeptide as well as virus infectivity. The gpl60 was produced in normal quantities from a biologically active clone of the mutant virus after transfection into cos-1 cells. The mutant gp160 contained Winked oligosaccharide chains with mannose-rich cores similar to those of the gp160 produced by the wild-type clone. Immunofluorescence assays showed that gp160 was transported to the surface of transfected CD4+ HeLa cells. No envelope proteins of known size could be detected in the media of cells transfected with the mutant virus, suggesting that functional virions were not formed. Binding of the mutant gp160 to the CD4 receptor molecule was unimpaired. Despite this and the presence of gp160 on the cell surface, neither growth of mutant-transfected CD4+ HeLa cells nor cocultivation of transfected cos-1 cells with H9 cells resulted in significant syncytium formation. The data indicate that the carboxy-terminal arginine residue of HIV-1 gp120 is necessary for envelope protein cleavage and suggest cleavage is important in the virus life cycle in both functional virus release and membrane fusion.
- Published
- 1990
19. Tumorigenesis by Human Herpesvirus 8 vGPCR Is Accelerated by Human Immuodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat
- Author
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Marvin S. Reitz, Mariola Sadowska, Shibani Pati, Man Charurat, and Hong-Guang Guo
- Subjects
Male ,viruses ,Chemokine CXCL2 ,medicine.disease_cause ,Chemokine receptor ,Mice ,Gammaherpesvirinae ,Transgenes ,Phosphorylation ,NF-kappa B ,virus diseases ,Nuclear Proteins ,Drug Synergism ,Transfection ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ,Gene Products, tat ,Herpesvirus 8, Human ,Female ,Receptors, Chemokine ,tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ,Chemokines ,Cell type ,Immunology ,Mice, Nude ,Mice, Transgenic ,Biology ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Microbiology ,Virus ,Herpesviridae ,Virology ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,medicine ,Animals ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,NFATC Transcription Factors ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Cell culture ,Insect Science ,HIV-1 ,Pathogenesis and Immunity ,Carcinogenesis ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,Neoplasm Transplantation ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also called Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) herpesvirus, can cause KS but is inefficient. Untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coinfection is a powerful risk factor. The HHV-8 chemokine receptor, vGPCR (ORF74), activates NF-κB and NF-AT, and their levels of activation are synergistically increased by HIV-1 Tat. Transgenic vGPCR mice develop KS-like tumors. A cell line derived from one such tumor expresses vGPCR and forms tumors in nude mice. Here we show that transfection of DNA encoding HIV-1tat(but not a transactivation-defective mutant) into these tumor cells increases NF-κB and NF-AT activation levels and accelerates tumor formation. Tumorigenesis was also accelerated when Tat DNA was transfected into normal cells and the transfected cells were mixed with the tumor cells and injected into a single site. Tumorigenesis was also increased when the two cell types were injected at separate sites, suggesting that tumorigenesis is accelerated by Tat through soluble factors.
- Published
- 2004
20. Kaposi's sarcoma-like tumors in a human herpesvirus 8 ORF74 transgenic mouse
- Author
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Marvin S. Reitz, Erwin Tschachler, Hong Guang Guo, Gary S. Hayward, Mariola Sadowska, and William Reid
- Subjects
Genetically modified mouse ,CD31 ,Male ,Transgene ,Immunology ,Mice, Transgenic ,Biology ,Microbiology ,3T3 cells ,Chemokine receptor ,Mice ,Viral Proteins ,Virology ,medicine ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Animals ,Transgenes ,Kaposi's sarcoma ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Insect Science ,Herpesvirus 8, Human ,Cancer research ,Pathogenesis and Immunity ,Female ,Receptors, Chemokine ,Sarcoma - Abstract
The product of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) open reading frame 74 (ORF74) is related structurally and functionally to cellular chemokine receptors. ORF74 activates several cellular signaling pathways in the absence of added ligands, and NIH 3T3 cells expressing ORF74 are tumorigenic in nude mice. We have generated a line of transgenic (Tg) mice with ORF74 driven by the simian virus 40 early promoter. A minority (approximately 30%) of the Tg mice, including the founder, developed tumors resembling Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions, which occurred most typically on the tail or legs. The tumors were highly vascularized, had a spindle cell component, expressed VEGF-C mRNA, and contained a majority of CD31 + cells. CD31 and VEGF-C are typically expressed in KS. Tumors generally (but not always) occurred at single sites and most were relatively indolent, although several mice developed large visceral tumors. ORF74 was expressed in a minority of cells in the Tg tumors and in a few other tissues of mice with tumors; mice without tumors did not express detectable ORF74 in any tissues tested. Cell lines established from tumors expressed ORF74 in a majority of cells, expressed VEGF-C mRNA, and were tumorigenic in nude mice. The resultant tumors grew rapidly, metastasized, and continued to express ORF74. Cell lines established from these secondary tumors also expressed ORF74 and were tumorigenic. These data strongly suggest that ORF74 plays a role in the pathology of KS and confirm and extend previous findings on the tumorigenic potential of ORF74.
- Published
- 2003
21. Activation of NF-kappaB by the human herpesvirus 8 chemokine receptor ORF74: evidence for a paracrine model of Kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis
- Author
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James S. Foulke, Hong-Guang Guo, Jynho Kim, Ricardo A. Feldman, Marielle Cavrois, Marvin S. Reitz, and Shibani Pati
- Subjects
Chemokine ,T-Lymphocytes ,Immunology ,Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Microbiology ,Models, Biological ,p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ,Monocytes ,Paracrine signalling ,Chemokine receptor ,Viral Proteins ,NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ,Virology ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,Paracrine Communication ,medicine ,Humans ,Interleukin 8 ,Autocrine signalling ,Kaposi's sarcoma ,Chemokine CCL5 ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,Cells, Cultured ,Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors ,biology ,Interleukin-6 ,Interleukin-8 ,NF-kappa B ,Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ,Chemotaxis ,Transfection ,medicine.disease ,Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ,Cell biology ,I-kappa B Kinase ,Virus-Cell Interactions ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ,Mutagenesis ,Insect Science ,Herpesvirus 8, Human ,biology.protein ,I-kappa B Proteins ,Receptors, Chemokine ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ,E-Selectin ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - Abstract
Infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus, is necessary for the development of KS. The HHV-8 lytic-phase gene ORF74 is related to G protein-coupled receptors, particularly interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptors. ORF74 activates the inositol phosphate/phospholipase C pathway and the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinases, JNK/SAPK and p38. We show here that ORF74 also activates NF-κB independent of ligand when expressed in KS-derived HHV-8-negative endothelial cells or primary vascular endothelial cells. NF-κB activation was enhanced by the chemokine GROα, but not by IL-8. Mutation of Val to Asp in the ORF74 second cytoplasmic loop did not affect ligand-independent signaling activity, but it greatly increased the response to GROα. ORF74 upregulated the expression of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokines (RANTES, IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin). Supernatants from transfected KS cells activated NF-κB signaling in untransfected cells and elicited the chemotaxis of monocytoid and T-lymphoid cells. Expression of ORF74 conferred on primary endothelial cells a morphology that was strikingly similar to that of spindle cells present in KS lesions. Taken together, these data, demonstrating that ORF74 activates NF-κB and induces the expression of proangiogenic and proinflammatory factors, suggest that expression of ORF74 in a minority of cells in KS lesions could influence uninfected cells or latently infected cells via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, thereby contributing to KS pathogenesis.
- Published
- 2001
22. On the Historical Origins of HIV-1 (MN) and (RF)
- Author
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Elizabeth Read-Connole, Mikulas Popovic, Hong-Guang Guo, James A. Hoxie, Phillip D. Markham, Robert C. Gallo, James M. Oleske, Howard Streicher, and Marvin S. Reitz
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Immunology ,MEDLINE ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Gene Products, env ,HIV Infections ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,Species Specificity ,HIV-1 ,medicine ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Child ,Peptide sequence - Published
- 1992
23. Expression of human herpesvirus 8-encoded cyclin D in Kaposi's sarcoma spindle cells
- Author
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Hong-Guang Guo, Susan R. Opalenik, Cornelia Blasig, Anneliese Schreier, Michael Stürzl, Monica A. Davis, Philip J. Browning, and Marvin S. Reitz
- Subjects
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ,Cancer Research ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,DNA, Complementary ,Cyclin D ,In situ hybridization ,Biology ,Virus ,Cyclin D2 ,Cyclins ,medicine ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Kaposi's sarcoma ,Sarcoma, Kaposi ,In Situ Hybridization ,virus diseases ,Cell cycle ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Blotting, Southern ,Oncology ,Herpesvirus 8, Human ,biology.protein ,RNA, Viral ,Primary effusion lymphoma ,Sarcoma ,DNA Probes - Abstract
Background Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA sequences have been detected in Kaposi's sarcoma, in primary effusion lymphoma (an unusual high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma seen primarily in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]), and in Castleman's disease (a rare lymphoproliferative disorder); however, proof that HHV-8 is involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases remains to be established. HHV-8 contains a gene, i.e., v-cyclin D, that is a homologue of the cellular cyclin D2 gene, which encodes a protein that promotes passage through G1 phase of the cell cycle. Previous studies have identified v-cyclin D messenger RNA (mRNA) in biopsy specimens of Kaposi's sarcoma. In this study, we isolated a full-length v-cyclin D complementary DNA and characterized the pattern of v-cyclin D mRNA expression in Kaposi's sarcoma. Methods Standard methods were used to construct and to screen HHV-8 genomic and complementary DNA libraries. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods and in situ hybridization with RNA probes were used to examine v-cyclin D mRNA expression. Results RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of v-cyclin D mRNA in biopsy specimens of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, in early-passage spindle cells from classical (i.e., not AIDS-related) Kaposi's sarcoma, and in spindle cells isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. In situ hybridization indicated that mRNAs for v-cyclin D and kaposin, an HHV-8 latency-associated gene, were present in approximately 1% of the spindle cells in early patch lesions and approximately 60% of the spindle cells in late nodular lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma. Conclusions Spindle cells of Kaposi's sarcoma, which have been regarded as the tumor cells of this cancer, contain v-cyclin D mRNA. Expression of v-cyclin D protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma by promoting cell proliferation.
- Published
- 1997
24. A new subtype of HIV-1 gag sequence detected in Taiwan
- Author
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R.C. Gallo, Y.C. Ko, K.S.S. Chang, Hong-Guang Guo, and M.S. Reitz
- Subjects
Adult ,Immunology ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Taiwan ,HIV Infections ,Biology ,Virus ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Virology ,Genotype ,Hiv 1 gag ,Consensus Sequence ,medicine ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Sida ,Sequence (medicine) ,Genetics ,Base Sequence ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Nucleic acid sequence ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Genes, gag ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV-1 ,Female ,Viral disease ,Sequence Alignment - Published
- 1993
25. Sequence analysis of original HIV-1
- Author
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Leota Hall, Mikulas Popovic, David D. Waters, William A. Blattner, Robert C. Gallo, Hong-Guang Guo, Howard Streicher, Audrey T. Louie, Marvin S. Reitz, and Jean-Claude Chermann
- Subjects
Sequence logo ,Multidisciplinary ,Text mining ,Multiple sequence alignment ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Sequence analysis ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,medicine ,Computational biology ,business ,medicine.disease_cause - Published
- 1991
26. NOVEL FEATURES OF THE GENOME OF KSHV/HHV8
- Author
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William H. Burns, Dolores M. Ciufo, Hong-Guang Guo, R. T. Sarisky, Jianchao Zong, Donald J. Alcendor, Xiaoyu Wan, John Nicholas, Gordon R. Sandford, Marvin S. Reitz, Lynn J. Poole, C.-J. Chiou, and Gary S. Hayward
- Subjects
Kshv hhv8 ,Virology ,Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Genome - Published
- 1997
27. HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8 (HHV-8) ENCODES A HOMOLOGUE OF CELLULAR CYCLIN D2 THAT IS EXPRESSED IN KAPOSI'S SARCOMA (KS) LESIONS AND POTENTIAL KS PROGENITORS
- Author
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Cornelia Blasig, Hong-Guang Guo, Michael Stürzl, Susan R. Opalenik, Anneliese Schreier, Monica A. Davis, Marvin S. Reitz, and Philip J. Browning
- Subjects
Cyclin D2 ,Virology ,Immunology ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Progenitor cell ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Kaposi's sarcoma ,Human herpesvirus - Published
- 1997
28. Tumorigenesis by Human Herpesvirus 8 vGPCR Is Accelerated by Human Immuodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat.
- Author
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Hong-Guang Guo, Pati, Shibani, Sadowska, Mariola, Charurat, Man, and Reitz, Marvin
- Subjects
- *
HERPESVIRUSES , *HIV , *CARCINOGENESIS , *CHEMOKINES , *TRANSGENIC mice , *GENETIC mutation - Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also called Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) herpesvirus, can cause KS but is inefficient. Untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coinfection is a powerful risk factor. The HHV-8 chemokine receptor, vGPCR (ORF74), activates NF-κB and NF-AT, and their levels of activation, are synergistically increased by HIV-1 Tat. Transgenic vGPCR mice develop KS-like tumors. A cell line derived from one such tumor expresses vGPCR and forms tumors in nude mice. Here we show that transfection of DNA encoding HIV-1 tat (but not a transactivation-defective mutant) into these tumor cells increases NF-κB and NF-AT activation levels and accelerates tumor formation. Tumorigenesis was also accelerated when Tat DNA was transfected into normal cells and the transfected cells were mixed with the tumor cells and injected into a single site. Tumorigenesis was also increased when the two cell types were injected at separate sites, suggesting that tumorigenesis is accelerated by Tat through soluble factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Kaposi's Sarcoma-Like Tumors in a Human Herpesvirus 8 ORF74 Transgenic Mouse.
- Author
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Hong-Guang Guo, Sadowska, Mariola, Reid, William, Tschachler, Erwin, Hayward, Gary, and Reitz, Marvin
- Subjects
- *
KAPOSI'S sarcoma , *TUMORS , *HERPESVIRUSES - Abstract
The product of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) open reading frame 74 (ORF74) is related structurally and functionally to cellular chemokine receptors. ORF74 activates several cellular signaling pathways in the absence of added ligands, and NIH 3T3 cells expressing ORF74 are tumorigenic in nude mice. We have generated a line of transgenic (Tg) mice with ORF74 driven by the simian virus 40 early promoter. A minority (approximately 30%) of the Tg mice, including the founder, developed tumors resembling Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions, which occurred most typically on the tail or legs. The tumors were highly vascularized, had a spindle cell component, expressed VEGF-C mRNA, and contained a majority of CD31[sup +] cells. CD31 and VEGF-C are typically expressed in KS. Tumors generally (but not always) occurred at single sites and most were relatively indolent, although several mice developed large visceral tumors. ORF74 was expressed in a minority of cells in the Tg tumors and in a few other tissues of mice with tumors; mice without tumors did not express detectable ORF74 in any tissues tested. Cell lines established from tumors expressed ORF74 in a majority of cells, expressed VEGF-C mRNA, and were tumorigenic in nude mice. The resultant tumors grew rapidly, metastasized, and continued to express ORF74. Cell lines established from these secondary tumors also expressed ORF74 and were tumorigenic. These data strongly suggest that ORF74 plays a role in the pathology of KS and confirm and extend previous findings on the tumorigenic potential of ORF74. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A Bcl-2 homolog encoded by Kaposi sarcoma-associated virus, human herpesvirus 8, inhibits...
- Author
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Cheng, Emily H.-Y., Nicholas, John, Bellows, David S., Hayward, Gary S., Hong-Guang Guo, Reitz, Marvin S., and Hardwick, J. Marie
- Subjects
VIRAL proteins ,HERPESVIRUSES ,KAPOSI'S sarcoma - Abstract
Identifies a novel viral Bcl-2 homolog, designated KSbcl-2, from human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) or Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Encoding of a bcl-2 homolog by HHV8; Inhibition of Sindbis virus-induced apoptosis by the overexpression of KSbcl-2; Expression of KSbcl-2 during the lytic viral replication cycle.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Novel organizational features, captured cellular genes, and strain variability within the genome...
- Author
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Nicholas, John, Zong, Jian-Chao, Alcendor, Donald J., Ciufo, Dolores M., Poole, Lynn J., Sarisky, Robert T., Chuang-Jiun Chiou, Zhang, Xiaoqun, Wan, Xiaoyu, Hong-Guang Guo, Reitz, Marvin S., and Hayward, Gary S.
- Subjects
HERPESVIRUS genetics - Abstract
Presents information on a study which focused on the genome characteristics of gamma herpesviruses (KSHV) and its gentic aspects. Information on the availibility of five distinct gamma herpesviruses to assist in the completion of genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences; Features of the KSHV; Methodology used to conduct the study; Discussion on the results from the study.
- Published
- 1998
32. Expression of human herpesvirus 8-encoded cyclin D in Kaposi's sarcoma spindle cells.
- Author
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Davis, Monica A., Blasig, Cornelia, Sturzl, Michael, Schreier, Anneliese, Hong-Guang Guo, Reitz, Marvin, Opalenik, Susan R., Browning, Philip J., Davis, M A, Stürzl, M A, Blasig, C, Schreier, A, Guo, H G, Reitz, M, Opalenik, S R, and Browning, P J
- Subjects
GENE expression ,KAPOSI'S sarcoma ,HERPESVIRUSES ,GENETICS - Abstract
Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA sequences have been detected in Kaposi's sarcoma, in primary effusion lymphoma (an unusual high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma seen primarily in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]), and in Castleman's disease (a rare lymphoproliferative disorder); however, proof that HHV-8 is involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases remains to be established. HHV-8 contains a gene, i.e., v-cyclin D, that is a homologue of the cellular cyclin D2 gene, which encodes a protein that promotes passage through G1 phase of the cell cycle. Previous studies have identified v-cyclin D messenger RNA (mRNA) in biopsy specimens of Kaposi's sarcoma. In this study, we isolated a full-length v-cyclin D complementary DNA and characterized the pattern of v-cyclin D mRNA expression in Kaposi's sarcoma.Methods: Standard methods were used to construct and to screen HHV-8 genomic and complementary DNA libraries. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods and in situ hybridization with RNA probes were used to examine v-cyclin D mRNA expression.Results: RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of v-cyclin D mRNA in biopsy specimens of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, in early-passage spindle cells from classical (i.e., not AIDS-related) Kaposi's sarcoma, and in spindle cells isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. In situ hybridization indicated that mRNAs for v-cyclin D and kaposin, an HHV-8 latency-associated gene, were present in approximately 1% of the spindle cells in early patch lesions and approximately 60% of the spindle cells in late nodular lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma.Conclusions: Spindle cells of Kaposi's sarcoma, which have been regarded as the tumor cells of this cancer, contain v-cyclin D mRNA. Expression of v-cyclin D protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma by promoting cell proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus and its relationship to the human immunodeficiency viruses
- Author
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Flossie Wong-Staal, Marvin S. Reitz, C. Gurgo, Enrico Collalti, Leota Hall, Hong-Guang Guo, Genoveffa Franchini, Robert C. Gallo, and Kathleen Fargnoli
- Subjects
Genes, Viral ,viruses ,Retroviridae Proteins ,Gene Products, gag ,Cercopithecus ,Simian ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virus ,Retrovirus ,Viral envelope ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,medicine ,Animals ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Multidisciplinary ,Base Sequence ,biology ,Monkey Diseases ,Nucleic acid sequence ,HIV ,virus diseases ,Cercopithecidae ,Simian immunodeficiency virus ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Retroviridae ,Genes ,Macaca ,Human Virus ,African Green Monkey - Abstract
The characterization of HIV-1 (HTLV-III/LAV)1,2, the human retrovirus associated with AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) 3 has led to the identification of a group of related human and simian retroviruses which also infect CD4-bearing T lymphocytes. Simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (simian immodeficiency virus) from macaques (STLV-IIIMAC) induces symptoms similar to those of AIDS in infected macaques4,5, but isolates from African green monkeys (STLV-IIIAGM) 6 and mangabeys (STLV-IIMM) 7,8 appear to be non-pathogenic in these animals. A human virus immunologically related to STLV-IIIAGM (HTLV-IV), reported to have been isolated from healthy humans9, has been shown to be almost identical to STLV-IHAGM10,11, which has called into question the independent origin of these viruses11. Here we report the complete DNA sequence of STLV-IIIAGM and analyse its relationship with the genomes of the HTLV -IIIB strain of HIV-1, HIV-2ROD (previously called LAV-2) 12–15 and several ungulate lentiretroviruses. STLV-IIIAGM and HIV-2 are closely related, and more distantly related to HIV-1.
- Published
- 1987
34. Functional Properties of Antigen-Specific T Cells Infected by Human T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma Virus (HTLV-I)
- Author
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Samuel Broder, Jeffrey Cossman, Hong-Guang Guo, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Marvin S. Reitz, and Mary Megson
- Subjects
Genes, Viral ,T-Lymphocytes ,viruses ,T cell ,Biology ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Deltaretrovirus ,Virus ,Cell Line ,Epitopes ,Viral Proteins ,Interleukin 21 ,Antigen ,immune system diseases ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Tetanus Toxoid ,medicine ,Humans ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Antigen-presenting cell ,Binding Sites ,Multidisciplinary ,T lymphocyte ,Cell Transformation, Viral ,Natural killer T cell ,Virology ,Phenotype ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Antigens, Surface - Abstract
Tetanus-toxoid specific helper-inducer T-cell clones, which had been infected and transformed by human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV-I), were obtained from an antigen-specific human T cell line by using a limiting dilution technique in the presence of the virus. These HTLV-I-infected T-cell clones proliferated specifically in response to soluble tetanus toxoid but, unlike normal T cells, they could do so in the absence of accessory cells. The HTLV-I-infected T-cell clones did not present the antigen to autologous antigen-specific T cells that were not infected with HTLV-I. The capacity of helper-inducer T cells to retain antigen-specific reactivity after infection by HTLV-I, while losing the normal T-cell requirement for accessory cells, has clinical and theoretical implications.
- Published
- 1984
35. Structure of the long terminal repeat of simian lymphotropic virus type III (African green monkey) and its relatedness to that of HIV
- Author
-
Enrico Collalti, Corrado Gurgo, Robert C. Gallo, Barbara Beaver, Genoveffa Franchini, Marvin S. Reitz, Flossie Wong-Staal, and Hong-Guang Guo
- Subjects
biology ,Base Sequence ,viruses ,Immunology ,virus diseases ,HIV ,Simian immunodeficiency virus ,Simian ,Provirus ,Cercopithecus ,medicine.disease_cause ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Long terminal repeat ,Virus ,Infectious Diseases ,Retrovirus ,Retroviridae ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,medicine ,Animals ,African Green Monkey ,Tropism ,Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid - Abstract
The simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III[AGM]) is a retrovirus in wild African green monkeys which is serologically related to the human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV-1/HIV) and other related human retroviruses. The long terminal repeats (LTR) contained in clones of viral DNA of (STLV-III[AGM]) were subcloned in M13 and their DNA sequence was determined and compared with that of HIV (HTLV-III[BH10]). The STLV-III(AGM) LTR is considerably larger than that of HTLV-III(BH10) (800 bp vs 634 bp) and contains a 498 bp U3 region, a 176 bp R region, and a 126 bp U5 region. These two LTR sequences share regions of significant homology. Regions of greatest homology include the 5' portion of U3, a core enhancer sequence in U3, sequences including and surrounding the TATAA promoter box in U3 and the AATAAA polyadenylation/termination signal in R, and the 3'-most region of U5. The relatively larger size of the STLV-III LTR is due to the presence in all three parts of the LTR of sequences which have no apparent homolog in the HIV LTR. Overall, the two LTRs are 47% homologous. Even greater homology (75%) is evident with a 300 bp segment including R and some of U3 from the LTR of another human retrovirus, HIV-2/LAV-2. The STLV-III LTR contains an imperfect 28 bp direct repeat in the R region which is not present in HIV. There are no obvious direct repeats in U3 homologous to the 10 bp repeat in the U3 of HTLV-III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1987
36. Novel viral sequences related to human T-cell leukemia virus in T cells of a seropositive baboon
- Author
-
Flossie Wong-Stall, Robert C. Gallo, and Hong-Guang Guo
- Subjects
Genes, Viral ,viruses ,T-Lymphocytes ,Antibodies, Viral ,Deltaretrovirus ,Virus ,Cell Line ,Antigen ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Gene ,Antigens, Viral ,Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Base Sequence ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,DNA Restriction Enzymes ,Provirus ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Leukemia ,Cell culture ,Immunology ,DNA, Viral ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,Baboon ,Papio - Abstract
Antibodies reactive with proteins of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) can be found in Old World monkeys. A T-lymphocyte cell line established from a seropositive baboon (Papio cynocephalus) was analyzed for the presence of viral DNA sequences. The provirus found in these cells was related to but distinct from HTLV subgroup I. These results add to recent evidence from human studies that HTLV represents a spectrum of infectious T-lymphotropic retroviruses that includes closely and distantly related members.
- Published
- 1984
37. Envelope sequences of two new United States HIV-1 isolates
- Author
-
Genoveffa Franchini, Robert C. Gallo, K. Farrell, C. Gurgo, Flossie Wong-Staal, Marvin S. Reitz, Hong-Guang Guo, Anna Aldovini, and E. Collalti
- Subjects
Genetics ,Lineage (genetic) ,Molecular epidemiology ,Base Sequence ,Protein Conformation ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Nucleic acid sequence ,HIV ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,Virus ,United States ,Hypervariable region ,Viral envelope ,Viral Envelope Proteins ,Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ,medicine ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Gene - Abstract
One of the striking molecular aspects of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) (now called HIV-1) is an unusually large variability in the env genes of different isolates. These differences are clustered primarily within the coding sequences for the large envelope protein and are interspersed among regions within the env gene of relative constancy. Differences among the envelopes of isolated from Africa are so far greater than those among U.S. isolates, but few U.S. isolates have been characterized to date. We report the sequence of the env gene of two U.S. isolates [HTLV-III(MN) and (SC)] and compare them with previously characterized isolates. These two isolates differ substantially from all previously described isolates, especially in the region coding for the large envelope proteins. The env genes of the two new HIV-1 isolates contain conserved and hypervariable regions similar to what has been reported for other isolates, helping to further define those regions. A comparison of the envelope sequences of all the U.S. isolates shows that the similarity between any two ranges from 81 to 85% [except for LAV(BRU) and HTLV-III(BH10) which are 97% similar]. Similar analyses of the African (Zairean) isolates give significantly lower values [71 to 78%, except for 88% between LAV(ELI) and Z6]. This suggests that the African isolates diverged earlier than the U.S. isolates or that transmission of the virus has been more rapid in Africa. Two previous presumptive Haitian isolates are similar to each other and to the U.S. isolates to the same degree as are other U.S. isolates, but differ more markedly from the African isolates, suggesting a common lineage of Haitian and U.S. HIV-1 isolates.
- Published
- 1988
38. Genetic variability between isolates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2 is comparable to the variability among HIV type 1
- Author
-
E Collalti, Jean-François Zagury, Genoveffa Franchini, F Laure, Linda L. Jagodzinski, Marvin S. Reitz, Leota Hall, Hong-Guang Guo, B Starcich, and Kathleen Fargnoli
- Subjects
viruses ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Viral Proteins ,Retrovirus ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Proviruses ,Viral Envelope Proteins ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic variability ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ,Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,Base Sequence ,Strain (biology) ,Nucleic acid sequence ,virus diseases ,HIV ,Simian immunodeficiency virus ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,DNA, Viral ,In degree ,Research Article - Abstract
The isolation from macaques of retroviruses related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) led to the identification of a second group of human retroviruses (termed HIV-2), which are prevalent in West Africa and closely related to the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). We have cloned and determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the human West African retrovirus HIV-2NIH-Z and compared it to that of a previously described strain of HIV-2 (HIV-2ROD) as well as to SIV and HIV-1. We have reached the following conclusions: (i) The HIV-2 isolates are (slightly) more closely related to each other than to SIV, compatible with their isolation from different species. (ii) The variability between HIV-2 isolates is similar in degree and kind to that found among HIV-1 isolates. The equivalent degrees of intragroup divergence suggest that HIV-1 and HIV-2 have existed in their present ranges in Africa for approximately equal lengths of time. The fact that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is widespread in regions where HIV-1 is prevalent but not in regions where HIV-2 is prevalent suggests a substantial difference in the morbidity rates associated with HIV-1 vs. HIV-2 infection. (iii) HIV-2 and SIV are related to each other more closely than they are to HIV-1.
- Published
- 1988
39. Alterations in cytotoxic and helper T cell function after infection of T cell clones with human T cell leukemia virus, type I
- Author
-
Samuel Broder, Marvin S. Reitz, Robert Yarchoan, Hong-Guang Guo, Hiroaki Mitsuya, and Annette Maluish
- Subjects
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ,T cell ,T-cell leukemia ,Retroviridae Proteins ,Gene Products, gag ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Biology ,Deltaretrovirus ,Interleukin 21 ,Antigen ,HLA Antigens ,medicine ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Humans ,Receptors, Immunologic ,Antigen-presenting cell ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Receptors, Interleukin-2 ,General Medicine ,T lymphocyte ,T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ,Virology ,Clone Cells ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunoglobulin G ,Antigens, Surface ,DNA, Viral ,Clone (B-cell biology) ,Research Article ,Retroviridae Infections ,T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - Abstract
HTLV-I is a transforming human retrovirus that is an etiologic agent of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. To investigate the effects of this virus on T cell functions, two OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8- cytotoxic clones (8.7 and 8.8) specific for allogeneic cells bearing DPw2, a class II histocompatibility antigen, were studied before and after infection with HTLV-I. The clones retained cytotoxic function for up to 70 d after exposure to HTLV-I, even without subsequent antigenic stimulation, but then lost their cytotoxic activity. Prior to infection with HTLV-I, clone 8.8 also lysed OKT3 hybridoma cells; after infection, cytotoxic activity against these OKT3-antibody bearing cells was lost in parallel with the loss of activity against DPw2-bearing target cells. In addition, expression of T3 surface antigen by HTLV-I-infected 8.8 cells was decreased at a time when they lost their cytotoxic activity, possibly contributing to the loss of cytotoxic function. Finally, clone 8.8 could provide help for nonspecific IgG production by autologous B cells when stimulated with irradiated DPw2-bearing non-T cells. After infection with HTLV-I, this helper function became independent of DPw2-stimulation and persisted even when the cytotoxic activity was lost. An OKT4+ T cell clone thus could simultaneously manifest both cytotoxic and helper T cell activities, and these activities were differentially affected after HTLV-I infection.
- Published
- 1986
40. Infection of human T lymphotropic virus-I-specific immune T cell clones by human T lymphotropic virus-I
- Author
-
Samuel Broder, Jeffrey Cossman, Marvin S. Reitz, C S Kao, O J Cohen, Ruth F. Jarrett, Hong-Guang Guo, and Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Subjects
Interleukin 2 ,Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ,Male ,T cell ,T-Lymphocytes ,Clone (cell biology) ,Human T-lymphotropic virus ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Interleukin 21 ,Immune system ,medicine ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Humans ,Antigens, Viral ,Cells, Cultured ,Deltaretrovirus Infections ,biology ,T-cell receptor ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Clone Cells ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Antigens, Surface ,medicine.drug ,Research Article - Abstract
Human T lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I)-specific T cell lines were established and cloned. K5, an OKT8+ clone bearing multiple proviral integration sites, retained its HTLV-I-specific cytotoxicity and a normal dependence on interleukin 2 (IL-2), indicating that there is a finite number of transforming integration sites. R2, an OKT4+ HTLV-I-infected clone, initially mounted a proliferative response to HTLV-I; but then its IL-2-independent proliferation increased and the antigen specificity was lost. All HTLV-I-infected clones tested including K7, another OKT8+ transformed cytotoxic clone that had lost its reactivity, expressed comparable levels of T cell receptor beta-chain (TCR-beta) messenger (m)RNA. Although clones K5 and K7 had different functional properties, they had the same rearrangement of the TCR-beta gene, suggesting that they had the same clonal origin. These data indicate that HTLV-I-specific T cells retain their immune reactivity for variable periods of time following infection, but then usually lose it; in some cases, however, no alteration in function can be detected. The data also suggest that different consequences can take place in the same clone depending on the pattern of retroviral infection.
- Published
- 1986
41. Transformation and cytopathogenic effect in an immune human T-cell clone infected by HTLV-I
- Author
-
Samuel Broder, Mary Megson, Cecelia D. Trainor, Marvin S. Reitz, Hong-Guang Guo, and Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Subjects
Interleukin 2 ,Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ,Genes, Viral ,Cell Survival ,viruses ,Clone (cell biology) ,Hemophilia A ,Deltaretrovirus ,Virus ,Interleukin 21 ,Retrovirus ,Immune system ,Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ,immune system diseases ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,medicine ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Humans ,Recombination, Genetic ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,virus diseases ,Homosexuality ,Provirus ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell Transformation, Viral ,Virology ,Clone Cells ,Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ,Immunology ,Interleukin-2 ,Cell Division ,medicine.drug ,T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) is a human C-type retrovirus that can transform T lymphocytes in vitro and is associated with certain T-cell neoplasms. Recent data suggest that, in the United States, patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), homosexual men with lymphadenopathy, and hemophiliacs have had significant exposure rates to HTLV, whereas matched and unmatched control American subjects have rarely been exposed to this agent. In the present experiments, T cells specifically reactive against HTLV were propagated from a patient whose HTLV-bearing lymphoma was in remission. The T cells were cloned in the presence of the virus and an HTLV-specific cytotoxic T-cell clone was isolated. This clone was infected and transformed by the virus, with one copy of an HTLV-I provirus being integrated into the genome. This T-cell clone did not exhibit the normal dependence on T-cell growth factor (interleukin-2) and proliferated spontaneously in vitro. Exposure of the clone to HTLV-bearing, autologous tumor cells specifically inhibited its proliferation and resulted in its death. These results may have implications for HTLV-associated inhibition of T-cell responses.
- Published
- 1984
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