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Liquid biopsy has the advantage of diagnosing diseases in a non-invasive manner. Seminal plasma contains secretions from the bilateral testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, and the prostate. These organs are relatively small and contain delicate tubes that are prone to damage by invasive diagnosis. Cell-free seminal nucleic acids are a newly emerged item in liquid biopsy. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of all known cell-free DNA and cell-free RNAs (mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, piRNA, YRNA, tsRNA, etc.) and discuss their roles as biomarker candidates in liquid biopsy. With great advantages, including high stability, sensitivity, representability, and non-invasiveness, cell-free DNA/RNAs may be developed as promising biomarkers for the screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of diseases in semen-secreting organs. Moreover, RNAs in semen may participate in important processes, including sperm maturation, early embryo development, and transgenerational disease inheritance, which may be developed as potential treatment targets for future clinical use.

Sinomenine (SIN) is commonly used as part of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy in China, but there is still no published evidence of the efficacy of SIN monotherapy. This work investigates the efficacy and safety of SIN in treating RA patients and analyzes the correlation between ornithine level and the alleviation of disease activity in RA patients. In this 24 week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial, people with mild to moderate RA were randomly assigned (1:1:1, stratified by hospital) to receive SIN (120 mg, twice daily), methotrexate (MTX) (10 mg per week), or SIN + MTX therapy. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who achieved a 50% improvement in the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria at week 24 and who showed improvement according to the clinical disease activity index (CDAI). In this prospective subgroup analysis, we also assessed whether the 24 week alterations of disease activity in the treatment group were significantly correlated to the levels of blood ornithine. Of the 135 enrolled participants, 38, 39, and 36 patients were treated with SIN, MTX, and SIN + MTX, respectively. In the SIN-treated group, 52.63% of patients achieved ACR50 after 24 weeks of treatment, which was comparable to the results in the MTX-treated and SIN + MTX-treated groups. Hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders were the main adverse events; however, the ratio of patients suffering from hepatic disorder in the SIN group (1/38) was much lower than that in the MTX (10/39) and SIN + MTX (8/36) groups. A total of 221 serum samples were collected at the four follow-up time points in the three treatments, and the levels of ornithine, citrulline, and arginine were obtained through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). The serum ornithine level decreased after the 24 week treatment along with a decrease in disease activity, and may reflect therapeutic responses with a sensitivity value of 80%. In conclusion, SIN revealed a comparable efficacy to MTX for treating RA patients, but with fewer side effects. In addition, the serum ornithine level was found for the first time to have a close correlation with the alleviation of RA, which shows the value of this measure as an assessment indicator of drugs in treating RA.

ZIF-67@Ta2O5 graded hetero-structure material was designed and prepared using F-Ta2O5 as a raw material and Zeolite imidazole ester(ZIF-67) as framework structure material. The hetero-structure Ta2O5 and ZIF-67@Ta2O5 were annealing 6 hours at 900°C in nitrogen ambience. The photolysis properties of the Ta2O5 and ZIF-67@Ta2O5 materials as catalysts for photocatalytic decomposition of water to hydrogen were characterized. The results show that the heterogeneous composite structure formed by cobalt-tantalum oxide and tantalum pentoxide can significantly improve the hydrogen production performance of tantalum pentoxide samples, and the properties of samples obtained under nitrogen atmosphere are better. Among them, the N-50 sample (F-Ta2O5 is 50mg, Cobalt nitrate dosage is 6ml, annealing 6 hours at 900°C in nitrogen ambience) has the best hydrogen production performance, and the hydrogen production rate is 116μmol/g/h.

The root Rhynchosia volubilis was widely used for contraception in folk medicine, although its molecular mechanism on antifertility has not yet been revealed. In human sperm, it was reported that the cation channel of sperm, an indispensable cation channel for the fertilization process, could be regulated by various steroid-like compounds in plants. Interestingly, these nonphysiological ligands would also disturb the activation of the cation channel of sperm induced by progesterone. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether the compounds in R. volubilis affect the physiological regulation of the cation channel of sperm. The bioguided isolation of the whole herb of R. volubilis has resulted in the novel discovery of five new prenylated isoflavonoids, rhynchones A – E (1 – 5), a new natural product, 5′-O-methylphaseolinisoflavan (6) (1H and 13C NMR data, Supporting Information), together with twelve known compounds (7 – 18). Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses and drawing a comparison with literature data, while their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism calculations. The experiments of intracellular Ca2+ signals and patch clamping recordings showed that rhynchone A (1) significantly reduced cation channel of sperm activation by competing with progesterone. In conclusion, our findings indicat that rhynchone A might act as a contraceptive compound by impairing the activation of the cation channel of sperm and thus prevent fertilization.

1. Pallidifloside D, a saponin glycoside constituent from the total saponins of Smilax riparia, had been proved to be very effective in hyperuricemic control. But it is poorly bioavailable after oral administration. Here, we determined the role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the intestinal absorption of Pallidifloside D.2. We found that Pallidifloside D significantly stimulated P-gp ATPase activity in vitro ATPase assay with a small EC50 value of 0.46 µM.3. In the single-pass perfused mouse intestine model, the absorption of Pallidifloside D was not favored in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) with a P*w value of 0.35–0.78. By contrast, this compound was well absorbed in the colon with a P*w value of 1.23. The P-gp inhibitors cyclosporine significantly enhanced Pallidifloside D absorption in all four intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) and the fold change ranged from 5.5 to 15.3. Pharmacokinetic study revealed that cyclosporine increased the systemic exposure of P...

In this paper, a Boolean determinant is introduced, and some properties of the determinants are discussed in Boolean algebra. Next, applying with the properties of characteristic determinant of directed graph, a new Hamiltonian-cycles decision theorem and a new necessary and sufficient conditions for a Hamiltonian directed graph are studied, and a new Hamiltonian-cycles decision algorithm is established. Finally, an example is provided. The obtained results seem to be general in nature.

A phytochemical study on the rhizomes of Smilax riparia led to the isolation of 16 saponin compounds, including nine furostanol steroidal saponins (1–4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 14), six spirostanol steroidal saponins (5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15) and one 20-carboxylic acid γ-lactone steroidal saponin (16). The structures of these compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods and comparison of their data with those reported in the literature. This is the first report of compounds 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11–16 from the genus Smilax . The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds has also been summarized.

Currently, insecticides are considered as the primary approach for controlling western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). However, the heavy use of insecticides resulted in high insect resistance and serious environmental pollution. Given its characteristics of ease of operation and environmental friendliness, insect control using high temperature is receiving considerable renewed research interest. However, although the combination of insecticides and high temperature to control F. occidentalis has been studied before, few studies have focused on the short-term effect of such treatment. In a laboratory study, F. occidentalis adults and second-instar nymphs were exposed to 45°C for 2 h. Then, their susceptibility to acetamiprid, spinosad, methomyl, and beta-cypermethrin was tested after different periods of recovery time (2–36 h). Additionally, the specific activity of three detoxification enzymes (esterase, glutathione S-transferase, and cytochrome p450 (CYP) monooxygenase) of the treated insects was determined. The results indicated that the fluctuation of susceptibility to insecticides and detoxification enzyme activity during F. occidentalis recovery from heat shock are related. Furthermore, several recovery time points (2, 30, and 36 h) of significant susceptibility to four tested insecticides compared with the control were found during the treatment of adults that were heat-shocked. Recovery time points of higher susceptibility compared with the control depended on different insecticides during the second-instar nymph recovery from heat shock. Interestingly, the fluctuation of CYP monooxygenase activity exhibited a trend that was similar to the fluctuation of susceptibility to insecticides (especially spinosad) during the recovery from heat shock of adults. In addition, the glutathione S -transferase and CYP monooxygenase activity trend was similar to the trend of susceptibility to spinosad during the recovery from heat shock of second-instar nymphs. Our results provide a new approach for controlling F. occidentalis using the combined heat shock and insecticide. This effectively enhances the control efficiency of heat shock and significantly reduces the application of insecticides.

Allopurinol is a commonly used medication to treat hyperuricemia and its complications. Pallidifloside D, a saponin glycoside constituent from the total saponins of Smilax riparia, had been proved to enhanced hypouricemic effect of allopurinol based on uric acid metabolism enzyme XOD. In this study, we evaluated whether Pallidifloside D (5mg/kg) enhanced hypouricemic effect of allopurinol (5mg/kg) related to others uric acid metabolism enzymes such as PRPS, HGPRT and PRPPAT. We found that, compared with allopurinol alone, the combination of allopurinol and Pallidifloside D significantly up-regulated HGPRT mRNA expression and down-regulated the mRNA expression of PRPS and PRPPAT in PC12 cells (all P

By using ordered fixed point theory, we set up a new class of GNOVI structures (general nonlinear ordered variational inclusions) with(γG,λ)-weak-GRD mappings, discuss an existence theorem of solution, consider a perturbed Ishikawa iterative algorithm and the convergence of iterative sequences generated by the algorithm, and show the stability of algorithm for GNOVI structures in positive Hilbert spaces. The results in the instrument are obtained.

To explore the correlation of the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) with age, sperm concentration and sperm motility in infertile men.We collected semen samples from 531 infertile males in our hospital from January 2016 to June 2017. We determined the semen parameters using the computer-assisted semen analysis system, measured the sperm DFI by sperm chromatin structure assay, and analyzed the correlation of the sperm DFI with the age, sperm concentration and sperm motility of the patients.With the increase of age, the infertile males showed a significantly decreased proportion of the sperm with a DFI ≤15% and elevated proportion of the sperm with a DFI ≥25%, with a positive correlation between age and sperm DFI (r = 0.653, P0.01). With the increase of sperm concentration and motility, however, the proportion of the sperm with a DFI ≤15% was remarkably increased while that of the sperm with 15%DFI25% and ≥25% markedly reduced, both sperm concentration and motility negatively correlated with the sperm DFI (r = －0.246, P0.01 and r = －0.406, P0.01).The sperm DFI is significantly correlated with age, sperm concentration and sperm motility, and therefore can be used as an important index for the evaluation of semen quality. A comprehensive analysis of the sperm DFI and semen parameters may contribute to an accurate assessment of male fertility.目的: 通过对男性不育患者进行精子染色质结构分析(SCSA)，探讨精子DNA碎片指数(DFI)与不育患者年龄、精子浓度及精子活率之间的关系。方法: 531份精液样本来自2016年1月至2017年6月在武汉同济生殖医学专科医院就诊的男性不育患者。用计算机辅助精液分析系统(CASA)对精子浓度、活率和精液体积等参数进行常规分析，同时利用流式细胞术检测精子DFI，并分析精子DFI与受检者的年龄、精子浓度及精子活率的相关性。结果: 随着患者年龄的增加，患者中精子DFI≤15%的比例明显减少，精子DFI≥25%的比例明显增加，21~30岁、31~40岁、41~52岁年龄组患者精子DFI≤15%分别为83.8%、47.8%、20.3%，精子DFI≥25%分别为8.8%、14.5%、72.9%，相关性分析表明患者年龄与精子DFI成正相关关系(r= 0.653, P0.01)。而随着患者精子浓度和精子活率的增加，患者中精子DFI≤15%的比例明显增加， 15%精子DFI25%和精子DFI≥25%的比例明显减少，相关性分析表明精子浓度、精子活率分别与精子DFI成负相关(r =－0.246, P0.01；r= －0.406, P0.01)。结论：精液中精子DFI与患者年龄、精子浓度及精子活率均显著相关，精子DFI可以作为评估精液质量的一个重要指标。综合分析精子DFI及精液常规参数能够对男性生育力进行更全面的评估。.

A novel position sensorless control strategy integrated with full section and high precision for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) applied to wind power pitch was proposed in the paper. Based on high frequency signal, where three-phase triangular carrier spwm is injected and the state current response is detected to accurately estimate the rotor position in the still and low speed, which doesn’t rely on the non-ideal features. Based on BEF PMSM mathematic model, the phase locked loop technique is used to accurately detect the rotor position in the middle and high speed. the Finally, experiment on a 10 KW pith system demonstrates that the proposed method is effective and is capable of achieving more accurate control in the full speed section.

This paper introduces the detecting principle、range of application and interferencerejection of Ultrasonic And UHF Partial Discharge Detection In GIS(Gas Insulated Switchgear).In view of the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonic and UHF detection,this paper proposesa quick joint detection method, which uses UHF (Ultra High Frequency) method to online detectthe suspected discharge range in real time, adopts ultrasonic method to determine the specificdischarge points, finally through a concrete instance in a 1000KV UHV(Ultra High Voltage)Substation verified the feasibility of the joint detection method.

Temperature plays a critical role in the population dynamics of insects. This study was designed to estimate the effect of exposure of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) in the parental generation to 41 °C for various durations (2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h) on their reproduction and on the first generation progeny. The data indicated that, under both the arrhenotoky and the sexual reproduction pattern, the longevity of adult females and the numbers of larvae and adults in the first generation decreased significantly as the period of exposure to heat increased. When adults were exposed at least 24 hours under arrhenotoky and at least 6 hours under sexual reproduction, the total survival rate from larva to adult in the first progeny generation was significantly lower compared with control groups whose parents had not been exposed to heat treatments. Furthermore, high-temperature exposure of sexually reproducing adults significantly decreased the proportion of females in the first progeny generation: The sex ratio (♀:♂) changed from 2.69:1 in the control to 2.31:1 after 2 h to 2.14:1 after 36 h of heat treatment. These results support the hypothesis that heat stress could be of use in the control of the western flower thrips.

Typically, online transactions require a significant level of human intervention. Customers undertake the search for products, services, potential vendors and business partners. They evaluate alternatives, decide what goods to buy and when, from which vendor, and how much they are willing to pay for. They engage in potential negotiations, carry out the transactions and so on. As those markets become mature, new products and services, as well as new practices, are beginning to appear. There is already ample evidence that agent-based technology will be crucial for these developments, reflecting that both buyers and sellers being vigorously seek techniques to improve their performance. This work surveys several of these agents that help electronic commerce systems by describing their roles in the context of a Consumer Buying Behavior (CBB) model.

Access distributed power will take great influence to distribution network's safe and economic operation. This paper established a distribution network planning economic model and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of various planning algorithms, and propose an adaptive parallel genetic algorithm. This algorithm can overcome premature phenomenon of standard genetic algorithm, and the ability is better to seek the global optimal solution.

The purpose of this work is as follows: First, a class of nonlinear inclusion problems involving ( α , λ ) - N O D M set-valued mappings in an ordered Hilbert space is introduced, and then, applying the resolvent operator associated with ( α , λ ) - N O D M set-valued mappings, an existence theorem on the solvability of this class of nonlinear inclusion problems is established. Furthermore, on the basis of the existence theorem and the new ( α , λ ) - N O D M model, a general algorithm is introduced and applied to the approximation solvability of the nonlinear inclusion problem at hand. The results obtained seem to be general in nature.

According to iterative phase pitch torque of the rotation wind turbine, this paper proposes one-way stop device to achieve the feather state and the purpose of the safe shutdown by the torque of blade itself ,not only to solve the question that energy storage device ,for example battery, super capacitor or hydraulic accumulator,is broken easily, but also reduces the cost of a wind turbine.

There are many ways of designing product. The article adopts the way , a systematic design by introducing the genetic theory of biological DNA( half-kept copying way) , that is to continue the identifying feature and they have some similarities in creation. The article combines gene of DNA in the biological field and industrial designing theory ,then to explore the basic theory of DNA product in the industrial designing by referring to the engineering theory of gene. In addtion, the article discusses DNA and its concept of DNA product and analyzes the comprising of DNA, then to apply the theory of DNA product to the product design. On the basis of analyzing their theories and have a research of DNA and product DNA, we select the electric pot of Medi Firm, a domestic bigger houshold electrical appliances enterprise, to make a modeling reseach and design.

In order to make the spiral drum has a good performance and human-computer interaction function. This paper made the spiral drum module division base on the modularization theory and parametric design. Built the 3 D parametric model of spiral drum by Pro / E software, completed the assembly of spiral drum parts, and analyzed the interference of each component, consequently, improved the accuracy of the design. It also can made parametric driving for relative modular as user different needs for spiral drum design. namely, it can got the 3-D model and assembly drawing, and can achieve the goal of improving the drum design efficiency.

The coke-wastewater contained all the pollutants which are the aromatic compounds and heterocyclic compounds with benzene ring. Under the normal conditions, it is difficult to obtain good results. By the microbial metabolism of the theory , it is easy to microbial degradation. The use of the primary matrix improves the degradation rate of organic matter .we studied some co-metabolism of carbon and nitrogen sources which affect the bacteria in the degradation of coke-wastewater to remove ammonia and COD. At the same kind of reaction conditions, the removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen increase the maximum extent by the addition of glucose and NaNO2. Alkaline substances promote the degradation efficiency.

In this work, the new concepts, normal product of two set-valued mappings, s-weakly compatible, s-common flxed point and the (EAs) property for two pairs of set- valued mappings are introduced, and the s-common flxed point existence theorems for two pairs of set-valued noncompatible mappings under strict contractive condition are proved, without appeal to continuity of any map involved therein and completeness of underlying space. The results presented in this paper generalize, improve, and unify some recent results in this fleld.

Background The study was conducted to assess the bioavailability of two formulations of mifepristone in capsule and tablet forms at a single dose of 75 mg (half the registered dose in China). Study Design A randomized two-way crossover study was conducted in 18 healthy nonpregnant women. Each subject was orally given a single dose of mifepristone at 75 mg in capsule or tablet form on an alternate basis. Serial blood samples were collected over a period of 96 h and assayed for the plasma concentration of mifepristone by high-performance liquid chromatography. Paired t tests were used to compare the capsule and tablet forms in terms of maximum concentration ( C max ), time to maximum concentration ( T max ) and area under the curve over 96 h (AUC 0–96h ). Relative bioavailability (capsule/tablet) was derived from AUC 0–96h . Bioequivalability was analyzed by two one-sided t tests. Results The major pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: C max values were 1.26±0.38 and 1.25±0.40 mcg/mL, T max values were 0.94±0.34 and 0.89±0.47 h, T 1/2Ke values were 36.2±21.0 and 33.4±12.3 h and AUC (0–96h) values were 19.7±6.4 and 19.6±9.9 mcg·h/mL for mifepristone in capsule and tablet forms, respectively. No significant difference was observed among these parameters. The relative bioavailability was 109.4±34.8%. Conclusion This study suggests that the two formulations of mifepristone are bioequivalent, which provides pharmacokinetic evidence for further reducing the dosage of mifepristone in clinical use.

First, a new concept, positive Hilbert spaces, is introduced and some fundamental inequalities which are applied to studying the properties of the resolvent operator associated for ( γ G , λ ) -weak-GRD set-valued mappings are introduced and discussed in positive Hilbert spaces. Next, by using the resolvent operator and fixed point theory, an existence theorem and an approximation algorithm to solve a new class of general nonlinear ordered inclusions are established and suggested. In this field, the results obtained seem to be general in nature. MSC:49J40, 47H06.

In this paper, a new class of general set-valued parametric ordered variational inclusions, , with mappings is studied in ordered Banach spaces. Then, by using fixed point theory and the resolvent operator associated with set-valued mappings, an existence theorem and a sensitivity analysis of the solution set for this kind of parametric variational inclusion is proved and discussed in ordered Banach spaces. The obtained results seem to be general in nature. MSC:49J40, 47H06.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study a new class of nonlinear mixed ordered inclusion problems in ordered Banach spaces and to obtain an existence theorem and a comparability theorem of the resolvent operator. Further, by using fixed point theory and the resolvent operator, the authors constructed and studied an approximation algorithm for this kind of problems, and they show the relation between the first valued and the solution of the problems. The results obtained seem to be general in nature. MSC:49J40, 47H06.

To establish a method of methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP)-real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detecting the promoter methylation level in cell-free seminal DNA (cfsDNA).We obtained cfsDNA samples from 6 normozoospermia men (the NZ group) and 6 post-vasectomy patients (the PV group), and mixed the samples from different individuals of each group, respectively. Then we made DNA fragments by ultrasonication, separated the methylated DNA fragments by MeDIP, and determined the methylation level of the promoters in cfsDNA by qPCR.The methylation levels of the promoters PRAME, PEG10, MORC1, GML, HOXA5, DNMT3L, SNURF, MSH4, DAZ1 and CLPB were 14.93, 2.64, 0.69, 2.66, 17.50, 21.10, 5.98, 2.28, 13.50 and 3.86%, respectively, in the NZ group, obviously lower than 121.25, 73.62, 16.25, 42.90, 76.74, 112.40, 59.79, 25.85, 91.90 and 64.53% in the PV group. The results of MeDIP-qPCR for the methylation of PRAME, MORC1, GML, HOXA5, DNMT3L, SNURF, MSH4 and DAZ1 were coincident with the results of genome-wide promoter methylation microarray.MeDIP-qPCR can quantitatively measure the promoter methylation level in cfsDNA, and effectively determine the testis- and epididymis-specific methylated promoters in human semen.

To assess the association between a 5T polymorphism in intron 8 of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD) in Han Chinese males.Genomic DNA from 33 individuals with CBAVD and 99 azoospermic males with CBAVD were recruited. The 5T polymorphism was detected with PCR, TA cloned and sequenced.CFTR gene mutations were identified in 17 (51.5%) of patients with CBAVD. In 3 patients (17.6%), the mutations were identified on both alleles. Nine CFTR gene mutations (9.1%) were detected in 99 azoospermic patients, for whom none had mutations on both alleles.This study has confirmed molecular heterogeneity of CFTR mutations in CBAVD. For CBAVD patients without 5T mutations, other changes may be found in the same gene.

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and study a new class of generalized nonlinear mixed ordered variational inequalities systems with ordered Lipschitz continuous mappings in ordered Banach spaces. Then, applying the matrix analysis and the vector-valued mapping fixed point analysis method, an existence theorem of solutions for this kind of the system is established. Furthermore, based on the existence theorem and the new ordered B-restricted-accretive mappings, a general algorithm for solving the systems is introduced and applied to the approximation solvability of the systems on hand. The obtained results seem to be general in nature.

A new class of fuzzy general nonlinear set-valued mixed quasi-variational inclusions frameworks for a perturbed Ishikawa-hybrid quasi-proximal point algorithm using the notion of -accretive is developed. Convergence analysis for the algorithm of solving a fuzzy nonlinear set-valued inclusions problem and existence analysis of a solution for the problem is explored along with some results on the resolvent operator corresponding to an -accretive mapping due to Lan et al. The result that the sequence generated by the perturbed Ishikawa-hybrid quasi-proximal point algorithm converges linearly to a solution of the fuzzy general nonlinear set-valued mixed quasi-variational inclusions with the convergence rate e is proved. MSC:49J40, 47H06.