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Introduction: In China, patients with chronic cholecystitis account for approximately 10% of the total population, in which over 90% of cholecystitis is caused by cholelithiasis. This study aimed to discuss the possible mechanism of electroacupuncture on the Yanglingquan acupoint promoting gallbladder contractibility of patients with chronic cholecystitis. Methods: 60 patients were randomly divided into a trial group and a control group. Doppler ultrasound and color Doppler blood flow imaging was applied. The trial group adopted the BT701-1B electroanesthesia apparatus to perform electroacupuncture on the bilateral acupoints of Yanglingquan, while electroacupuncture was made on sham acupoints in the control group. Results: Before the electroacupuncture, gallbladder volume was 49.6 ± 5.66 ml, after 15 min and 30 min of electroacupuncture, the gallbladder volume was then 32.9 ± 5.66 ml and 23.0 ± 2.83 ml respectively. The comparison before and after electroacupuncture was obviously and statistically different (P < 0.01). The comparison between after 15 min and 30 min is obviously statistically different (P < 0.01). Before the electroacupuncture, the gallbladder artery Vmax, Vmin, and RI were 18.4 ± 2.69 cm/s, 9.7 ± 0.07 cm/s, and 0.47 ± 0.06, respectively; the cystic artery Vmax, Vmin, and RI after 30 min were 8.1 ± 0.92 cm/s, 3.1 ± 0.57 cm/s, and 0.61 ± 0.02. The comparison in gallbladder artery Vmax and Vmin and the drag index (RI) before and after electroacupuncture was obviously and statistically different (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Electroacupuncture on the acupoints of Yanglingquan has the potential to promote the emptying of the gallbladder. The mechanism may be related to that the smooth muscle of the gallbladder contracts after electroacupuncture and the gallbladder empties.

Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System(TCMISS), the medication rule of Professor Zhang Hongchun in treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD ) in stable period was carried out. The prescriptions of Professor Zhang Hongchun in treating COPD patients in stable period were collected and analyzed by frequency statistics, association rules and complex system entropy clustering. A total of 111 prescriptions were screened out, including 106 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, which were mainly warm, cold and flat, and mainly sweet, bitter and pungent. The meridians were mostly attributed to lung, spleen, liver and kidney meridians. 34 core combinations of drugs were extracted, and 38 association rules with confidence level of one were obtained. Three new prescriptions were obtained. The core prescriptions were: Angelicae Sinensis Radix(15g), Pseudostellariae Radix(30g), Cornus Officinalis Sieb Et Zucc(15g), Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus(15g), Farfarae Flos (15g), Asteris Radix Et Rhizoma (15g), Poria Cocos(Schw.) Wolf(15g), Perillae Fructus (15g), Perilla Frutescens (15g), Ephedra Herba (10g), Licorice (3g). Professor Zhang Hongchun's treatment methods of COPD patients in stable stage are to invigorate lung, spleen and kidney, and to stop cough, eliminate phlegm and asthma, promote Qi, activate blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis.

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has turned into a pandemic and resulted in huge death tolls and burdens. Integrating Chinese and western medicine has played an important role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose We aimed to develop a living evidence-based guideline of integrating Chinese and western medicine for COVID-19. Study design Living evidence-based guideline. Methods This living guideline was developed using internationally recognized and accepted guideline standards, dynamically monitoring the release of new clinical evidence, and quickly updating the linked living systematic review, evidence summary tables, and recommendations. Modified Delphi method was used to reach consensus for all recommendations. The certainty of the evidence, resources, and other factors were fully considered, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence and the strength of recommendations. Results The first version of this living guidance focuses on patients who are mild or moderate COVID-19. A multidisciplinary guideline development panel was established. Ten clinical questions were identified based on the status of evidence and a face-to-face experts' consensus. Finally, nine recommendations were reached consensus, and were formulated from systematic reviews of the benefits and harms, certainty of evidence, public accessibility, policy supports, feedback on proposed recommendations from multidisciplinary experts, and consensus meetings. Conclusion This guideline panel made nine recommendations, which covered five traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription granules/decoction (MXXFJD, QFPD, XFBD, TJQW, and JWDY), three Chinese patent medicines (LHQW granules/capsule, JHQG granules, and LHQK granules), and one Chinese herbal injection (XBJ injection). Of them, two were strongly recommended (LHQW granules/capsule and QFPD decoction), and five were weakly recommended (MXXFJD decoction, XFBD decoction, JHQG granules, TJQW granules, and JWDY decoction) for the treatment of mild and moderate COVID-19; two were weakly recommended against (XBJ injection and LHQK granules) the treatment of mild and moderate COVID-19. The users of this living guideline are most likely to be clinicians, patients, governments, ministries, and health administrators.

Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid has effects in clearing away heat and detoxifying,and is used to treat pharynx and throat swelling caused by the syndrome of excessive heat and toxin accumulation. Its efficacy is to relieve swelling and pain( redness,swelling and hot pain). It is included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of 2015 Edition,and has been listed in provincial health insurance directories of Shaanxi,Jiangsu,Liaoning,Hunan,Tianjin,Xinjiang and Hebei. It has been recommended by health departments of Beijing,Chongqing and other provinces as a preferred drug for the prevention and treatment of H1 N1 and HFMD,and listed in the diagnosis and Treatment Guide of HFMD by the Ministry of Health,the Clinical Application Guide of Chinese Patent Medicine edited by the Lung Department Disease Branch of China Association of Chinese Medicine,and the Clinical Practice Guide of Single Administration/Combined Administration of Antibiotics in Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases by China Association of Chinese Medicine. To further improve the clinicianapos;s understanding of drugs and better guide the rational clinical application,we invited front-line clinical experts from respiratory department,infectious department and dermatology of traditional Chinese and Western medicine to develop and compile the expert consensus. The consensus fully considered the clinical evidence and the expert clinical experience to give recommendations for clinical problems with evidence support and consensus suggestions for clinical problems without evidence support by the nominal group method.This consensus is based on clinical research evidence and expert experience in a simple and clear format,which provides a preliminary reference for the clinical use of the drug.

Xiyanping Injection is widely used in the treatment of respiratory infectious diseases. However,its package insert is still less instructive for physicians in understanding the specific clinical application of Xiyanping Injection. To discover potential clinical advantages of Xiyanping Injection,the team invited clinical experts of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine from the field of respiratory diseases,pharmacists and methodologists of evidence-based medicine to compile the consensus. The consensus was based on a combination of clinical research evidence and expert experience,involving recommendations for clinical problems supported by clini-cal evidence as well as consensus suggestions for clinical problems with no clinical evidence. The consensus recommended the indication,timing of intervention,usage,dosage,course of treatment,combined medication of Xiyanping Injection used for adults,and introduced the safety and precautions of its clinical application. It is suitable for guiding clinical medical workers to rationally use Xiyanping Injection in the treatment of adultapos;s respiratory infectious diseases.

The formation of expert consensus statement is an indispensable part in the process of developing clinical practice guidelines. The Guidelines International Network believes that experts make group decisions for different stages and issues,and the process of gathering expert opinions is the process of reaching the consensus. GRADE system also requires that recommendations should be formed based on expert consensus in consideration of the risk and bias,patients' preferences and values,resources and other factors. At present,the main method for reaching consensus is the formal consensus method. According to the published clinical guidelines,most of them failed to report the specific methods and process of reaching expert consensus. Therefore,it is impossible to obtain an objective evaluation. This phenomenon is more common in the field of clinical practice guidelines of traditional Chinese medicine( TCM). There are two main reasons for this phenomenon. For one thing,the developers of the guidelines neglect the importance of transparency and objectivity in the implementation of expert consensus. For another,they know little about the methods and technical specifications for the formation of expert consensus. To solve them,based on the internationally recognized consensus-building methods,as well as the specific stages in the process of developing clinical practice guidelines of traditional Chinese medicine,it is of great significance to put forward the technical norms for TCM researchers to develop the expert consensus. This guide will provide detailed guidance for forming the expert consensus for TCM clinical practice guideline. This guideline has been approved and published by the Chinese Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine( No. T/CACM 1049-2017).

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for regulating spleen and kidney. Methods: We developed a search strategy and then retrieved the database including CNKI, Wanfang data knowledge service platform, VIP journals resource integration service platform, PubMed, Embasefor randomized controlled trial of regulating spleen and kidney traditional Chinese medicine compared with conventional western medicine in the treatment of chronic uric acid nephropathy. The search deadline was set to June 30,2020. For the included literature, we applied the cochrane collaboration network risk bias assessment tool to evaluate the methodological quality, and evaluated the level of evidence according to GRADE standards. Quantitative data was analyzed by RevMan5.3 software, and trial sequential analysis method was used to analyze its efficiency. Results: A total of 709 cases in 10 articles were included. Compared with the control group, the related traditional Chinese medicine group improved the effective rate [RR=1.45,95%CI(1.32,1.58)], reduced the level of UA [MD=-36.24,95%CI(-41.03,-31.45)], BUN [SMD=-1.27, 95%CI(-1.47,-1.07)] and SCR [MD=-36.33, 95%CI(-55.79,-16.87), P=0.0003], the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P

To meet the challenge of new military change in world and the demand across centuries to adapt modernization of national defense and air force, numbers of flight trainees with high quality, multi-structure of knowledge and comprehensive ability, and enterprising spirit and ability to innovate are trained, which is also the target of training of bright people at air force flight university. The comprehensive quality evaluation of Air force's flight trainees is the basis of scientific management, by which advantages and disadvantages can be analyzed in training of bright people, whether they can satisfy the demand of the information-based war in the future.

Military academy, troops are two important stages of shaping military talents. Army colleges and universities is the main channel, joint operations command training forces is that they eventually exercise mature stage. Military academy and troops only work together, doing things that more closely, to ensure the quality of the talents cultivation. Therefore to strengthen military academy and forces combination education, set up scientific training system, pays special attention to the joint operations command personnel training.

Among the literatures of the prevention and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) published in recent years, there were 16 kinds of classic prescription, including 52 RCTs about Maxingshigan Decoction, 21Chinese patent medicines. There are eight kinds of indications for the drug specification, among which the literatures of Tan Reqing injection accounted for the most about 136 RCTs; There were literatures about non-drug treatment, including： acupuncture, Chinese medicine paste, enema, Chinese medicine ionization, Chinese medicine fumigation, bamboo cans and so on. In this study, author has analysed the classic prescription, Chinese patent medicine and non-drug therapy referring to advantages and disadvantages of CAP, which could be used to treat virus infection instead of antibiotic therapy. Based on antibiotic therapy, Chinese medicine treatment could increase synergistic interaction while decrease the antibiotic side-effects. In addition, Chinese medicine could perform synergistic interaction in CAP every period, which resulted from classified analysis of basic studies about Chinese medicine treatment in CPA. This study is aimed to provides an important basis for clarifying the direction of scientific research.

This study is aimed to identify and assess the methodological quality of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) clinical practice guidelines (CPG) in China by using AGREE Ⅱ tool. CNKI, SinoMed, Wanfang, and VIP Chinese databases from database establishment to March 2017 were searched by manual retrieval to collect all the clinical practice guidelines prepared by various associations or organizations, then AGREE Ⅱtool was used to assess them. Data in each CPG were analyzed in terms of six domains, including scope and purpose, participants, rigor, clarity and readability, applicability and editorial independence. A total of 4 CPGs were included. The results showed that the scope and purpose scored 45.8%; the clarity of expression scored 44.75%; the participants scored 31.9%; the rigor scored 18.98%; the applicability scored 7%; and finally the editorial independence scored 1%. It is concluded that the quality of applicability and the editorial independence should attained paid more attention in future development or updating of the guidelines. In addition to strengthening the compliance with international general principles, we should also pay attention to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine treatment, especially the related evidences as complementary and alternative treatment for western intervention measures.

The action and process of software testing embodies its value, which is shown in the new concept of SMBT-LH. It includes a purpose, two goals and four key domains, whose core is to stress the responsibility and team spirit of testing, and realize the maximization of testing efficiency and effectiveness with the lowest cost. It has an important practical significance to guarantee the software commercial interests, know and promote the healthy development of test work to understand the SMBT-LH model and its application

Software metrics include project metrics, product metrics and process metrics. Software measurement process model embodies the relations among the three aspects of collection mechanism, analysis evaluation and project control of the metrics data. The three measurement activities and measurement information can be respectively applied to effective data acquisition, measurement process improvement and software process management. Data collection and analysis are the key to the software measurement process, the continued advancement of their technologies and methods has important significance on the improvement of software measurement process.

The network has become an important part of life in the 21st century and it gradually become an important positions which people can express their ideas and they can exchange their cultural and social opinion can be spread, the modern college students are the biggest group which are influenced by network culture. The network culture to college students values research is imminence requirement of the times. this paper according to social network cultures current situation to analyze the present situation of the college students, estimate of variance of the influence of value by fixed-effect model to judge the influence degree. And than research relevant strategies, it tries to lead the college students value orientation under the internet culture.

The paper introduced grey comprehensive relational grade into transverse analysis and compare for several similar communication equipments. By analyze the grey relational principle, the relational coefficient, the selection of the distinguishing coefficient and studying several relational grades, the grey comprehensive relational grade is successfully applied to analysis of communication equipment fighting efficiency .Results of the practical application show that the method based on the comprehensive grey relational grade analysis has the advantages of simplified computation and feasible, consistency to the qualitative analysis result ,It can provides theoretical guidance for targeted maintenance of the equipment and improve and increase rapidly fighting efficiency of airborne early communication system in war.

To observe effect of Shufeng Xuanfei Recipe (SXR) and Jiebiao Qingli Recipe (JQR) on mRNA and protein expressions of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in mice infected with influenza virus FM1.One hundred and eight mice were randomly divided into nine groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the Oseltamivir group (at the daily dose of 2.5 g/mL), the high dose SXR group (at the daily dose of 3.762 g/kg), the middle dose SXR group (at the daily dose of 1.881 g/kg), the low dose SXR group (at the daily dose of 0.941 g/kg), the high dose JQR group (at the daily dose of 4.368 g/kg), the middle dose JQR group (at the daily dose of 2.184 g/kg), and the low dose JQR group (at the daily dose of 1.092 g/kg), 12 in each group. All mice were mildly anesthetized by ether. Mice in the normal control group were treated by nasal drop of 0.05 mL normal saline, while mice in the rest groups were infected by nasal drop of 0.05 mL influenza virus strain FM1 (LD50). The successful modeling rate was 100%. All medication was performed by gastrogavage 2 h after infection. Distilled water was given by gastrogavage to mice in the normal control group and the model group at the daily dose of 0.2 mL, each time per day for 4 successive days. mRNA expressions of TLR7, MyD88, and NF-kappaB in the lung tissue were determined by Western blot.Compared with the normal control group, mRNA expressions of TLR7, MyD88, and NF-kappaB increased in the model group (P0.01). Compared with the model group, mRNA and protein expressions of TLR7, MyD88, and NF-kappaB decreased in the Oseltamivir group, the high, middle, and low dose SXR groups (P0.05, P0.01); mRNA and protein expressions of TLR7 and NF-kappaB decreased in the high and middle dose JQR groups (P0.05, P0.01); mRNA expressions of MyD88 decreased in the high and middle dose JQR groups (P0.05); protein expressions of MyD88 decreased in the middle dose JQR group (P0.05); protein expressions of TLR7 and NF-kappaB decreased in the low dose JQR group (P0.05). Compared with the Oseltamivir group, protein expressions of MyD88 decreased in the low dose SXR group (P0.05); protein expressions of NF-kappaB decreased in the middle and low dose SXR groups (P0.01); mRNA and protein expressions of TLR7 (P0.05, P0.01), and protein expressions of MyD88 (P0.01) decreased in the high, middle, and low dose JQR groups; mRNA and protein expressions of NF-kappaB decreased in the low dose JQR group (P0.05, P0.01).Each dose SXR and middle dose JQR could down-regulating the activity of NF-kappaB through adjusting MyD88 dependent TLR signal pathway, thus fighting against influenza virus. SXR was more effective than JQR.

To investigate the regulation of two herbal anti-virus formulas on gene expression profile associated with natural killer cell (NK cell) mediated cytotoxicity in pneumonia mice infected with influenza virus.According to random number table, 90 ICR mice were divided into nine groups with 10 mice in each group: normal group (N), model group (M), oseltamivir group (control group, C), low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose Shufeng Xuanfei formula groups (SL, SM, SH groups), and low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose Jiebiao Qingli formula groups (JL, JM, JH groups). The model of pneumonia was reproduced by nasal dropping influenza virus A (FM1) in mice. N group was given isotonic saline 0.05 ml in nasal drops. After 2 hours of model-building, C group was received 11.375 mg×kg⁻¹×d⁻¹ oseltamivir phosphate. Shufeng Xuanfei formula (mainly honeysuckle, forsythia and radix isatidis, etc.) with 3.76, 1.88 and 0.94 g×kg⁻¹×d were administrated to SH, SM and SL groups by gastric irrigation respectively. Jiebiao Qingli formula (mainly ephedra, gypsum, glycyrrhiza glabra, etc.) with 4.36, 2.18 and 1.09 g×kg⁻¹×d⁻¹ were administrated to JH, JM and JL groups by gastric irrigation respectively. In N and M groups, normal saline was administrated with gastric perfusion. Each group was in equal dose of 0.2 ml daily over a 4-day period. Total RNA in lung tissue of mice were extracted in each group, then gene chips were used to screen these RNA samples. Some genes involved NK cell mediated cytotoxicity were selected, with "I" representing of signal intensity. These candidate genes were verified by real-time fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting.In the pathway of NK cell mediated cytotoxicity, M group up-regulated 43 genes expression, and 36, 29, 22, 21, 20 and 10 genes showed down-regulation in SM, JM, SL, JH, SH and JL groups, respectively. Apart from gene co-expression network in SH, SL, JH, JM and JL, SM also expressed other differential genes which SH, SL, JH, JM and JL did not. So medium-does Shufeng Xuanfei formula had the most significant regulation in gene expression of NK cell mediated cytotoxicity. By real-time PCR and Western blotting experiments showed that compared with the M group, mRNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in these two formula groups were significantly down-regulated, especially prominent in SM group and JM group (TNF-α mRNA: 1.07 ± 0.19, 1.19 ± 0.14 vs. 3.20 ± 0.56, both P0.01).Influenza viral replication in host cell, which means influenza antigens exposure in infected cells as target cells. NK cells recognize and exert cell mediated cytotoxic function against influenza antigens. Genes associated with NK cell mediated cytotoxicity in influenza infection were up-regulated. Shufeng Xuanfei and Jiebiao Qingli formulas could down-regulate these genes. The mechanism of down-regulated genes is that the number of influenza infected cells and NK cells activation decreases in treatment with two formulas.

Some typical latest research results were summarized according to the analysis and research on the current situation of software testing both at home and abroad in this paper. On the basis of the current researches on software testing, the writer discussed the future research topic on software testing and proposed the assumption on software testing’s subject, industry and technique development. It laid the foundation both for further boosting the development and formation of software testing discipline system and for effectively studying on the scientific development mechanism of software testing techniques and its industry. Keywords-software engineering; software quality; software testing; automated testing; research orientation.