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To find the causes of the failure in the first catheter removal (CR) after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and the related risk factors.We collected the clinical data on 285 BPH patients treated by TURP from June 2015 to May 2018. We divided the cases into a successful CR (SCR) and a failed CR (FCR) group and investigated the risk factors for the first CR after TURP by multivariate logistic regression analysis.CR was successfully performed in 246 and failed in 39 of the 285 cases. In the FCR group, post-CR urinary retention occurred in 15 cases immediately after, severe urinary tract irritation in 13, massive gross hematuria in 7 and urinary incontinence in 4 within 1 month. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for CR failure included IPSS (OR = 5.106, P = 0.013), preoperative urinary tract infection (OR = 3.835, P = 0.041), prostate volume (OR = 4.160, P = 0.011) and catheter compression time (OR = 4.051, P = 0.017).The common causes of the failure in catheter removal after TURP included early postoperative urinary retention, urinary infection, secondary hematuria and urinary incontinence.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of caffeine used in the early (≤ 72 hours after birth) and late (>72 hours after birth) stage in preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤ 31 weeks. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 640 preterm infants (with a gestational age of ≤ 31 weeks) who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of eight hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China. Of the 640 preterm infants, 510 were given caffeine in the early stage (≤ 72 hours after birth; early use group) and 130 were given caffeine in the late stage (>72 hours after birth; late use group). The clinical data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in birth weight, Apgar score, sex, gestational age, and age on admission between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the late use group, the early use group had a significantly younger age at the beginning and withdrawal of caffeine treatment (P < 0.05) and a significantly shorter duration of caffeine treatment (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in respiratory support on admission between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the late use group, the early use group had significantly lower incidence rate of apnea (P < 0.05) and significantly shorter oxygen supply time and length of hospital stay (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence rates of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, and patent ductus arteriosus at discharge and NBNA score at the corrected gestational age of 40 weeks (P > 0.05). However, significant differences were found in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and the rate of home oxygen therapy, but there was no significant difference in the mortality rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Early use of caffeine can shorten the duration of caffeine treatment, oxygen supply time, and length of hospital stay, with little adverse effect, in preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤ 31 weeks.

Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key factors involved in a series of biological processes, ranging from embryogenesis to programmed cell death. Its link to aberrant expression profiles has rendered it a potentially attractive tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of various diseases. Accumulating evidence has indicated that miRNAs act as tumor suppressors in hepatocyte malignant transformation by regulating development, differentiation, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. Here, we summarize recent progress in the development of novel biomarker-based miRNA therapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expressions of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their clinical significance in identifying the progression and prognosis of the NSCLC patients. METHODS Immunohistochemical indirect method was used to detect the expressions of the COX-2 and HER-2 protein in 54 NSCLC specimens, 16 paraneoplastic specimens, and 10 normal tissue specimens. RESULTS The positive rates of COX-2 and HER-2 protein expressions were respectively 75.9% and 40.7% in the NSCLC specimens, 25% and 12.5% in the paraneoplastic specimens, and 0 in the normal tissue. The COX-2 protein expression in lung cancer (LC) was not only related to the smoking habit of the patients and histological grades of LC, but also to the TNM stages, and lymphatic metastasis ( P < 0.05). HER-2 protein expression closely correlated to the pathologic types, histological grades, TNM stages, and lymphatic metastasis ( P < 0.05). The result of univariate analysis showed that all the histological grades, TNM stages, lymphatic metastasis, and expressions of COX-2/HER-2 correlated to the prognosis of NSCLC patients (mean of P value < 0.01). The multivariate survival analysis indicated that there were significant differences in comparison of the survival time between the COX-2 (++/+++) /HER-2 (++/+++) and the COX-2 (-+)/HER-2 (-/+) groups ( P < 0.001), suggesting the COX-2/HER-2 was a negative prognostic factor. CONCLUSION COX-2 and HER-2 are valuable in identifying the progression of NSCLC and predicting the prognosis of NSCLC patients. COX-2 and HER-2 are useful for judging the NSCLC patient’s condition, and are of great value to the decision of NSCLC prognosis.

Background and Objective Octamer-4 (Oct4), a transcription factor involved in regulating human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), may play a role in tumorigenesis. Since little is known about the efficacy of Oct4 as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer (GC), we investigated its expression in GC tissues and its relationship to various clinicopathological parameters. Methods Primary tumor tissues and matching, adjacent non-cancerous tissues were obtained from 62 GC patients, and Oct4 expression was examined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. Twenty biopsy specimens of atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer individually were collected as control. To detect Oct4 expression in the paired GC and non-cancerous tissues at the protein level, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between Oct4 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Results Oct4 expression levels were higher in GC tissues compared to matching, adjacent non-cancerous tissues, atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer tissues. Additionally, Oct4 expression in GC tumors correlated with their differentiation status, but not with patient age or gender, tumor size, TNM stage, depth of invasion, or the presence of lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Oct4 may be a potential biomarker for the initiation, progression, and differentiation of human GC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:414–419. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Octamer-4 (Oct4), a transcription factor involved in regulating human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), may play a role in tumorigenesis. Since little is known about the efficacy of Oct4 as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer (GC), we investigated its expression in GC tissues and its relationship to various clinicopathological parameters.Primary tumor tissues and matching, adjacent non-cancerous tissues were obtained from 62 GC patients, and Oct4 expression was examined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. Twenty biopsy specimens of atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer individually were collected as control. To detect Oct4 expression in the paired GC and non-cancerous tissues at the protein level, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between Oct4 expression and clinicopathological parameters.Oct4 expression levels were higher in GC tissues compared to matching, adjacent non-cancerous tissues, atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer tissues. Additionally, Oct4 expression in GC tumors correlated with their differentiation status, but not with patient age or gender, tumor size, TNM stage, depth of invasion, or the presence of lymph node metastasis.Oct4 may be a potential biomarker for the initiation, progression, and differentiation of human GC.