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This paper presents modeling and control for the emerging IGBT converter-based high-voltage direct-current system (IGBT-HVDC). This paper adds to the representation of the IGBT-HVDC system in the dq-synchronous reference frame and its decoupled control scheme. Additionally, since the IGBT-HVDC is able to actively support the grid due to its capacity to control independently active and reactive power production, a reactive power control scheme is presented in order to regulate/contribute to the voltage at a remote location by taking into account its operational state and limits. The ability of the control scheme is assessed and discussed by means of simulations using ahybrid power system, which consists of a permanent magnetic synchronous-generator (PMSG) based wind turbine, an IGBT-HVDC, and a local load.

This study draws economic expense factors according to the influence of generation resulted from slipstream and the arrangement of the complex when arranging and designing the complex for offshore windpower development as a model of 50MW offshore wind farm and conducts economics analysis. According to the result of the analysis, O (Optimize) arrangement was the one that has the highest generation for having the best windpower resources in terms of design and being least affected by slipstream; however, the arrangement requires expensive submarine cables and high installation cost. Therefore, according to the analysis of economics, it was thought that 50MW complex should have less economics as BC ratio 0.95 than the series arrangement of main wind direction and I+80 series arrangement would be rather more economical. This economics evaluation provides comparison according to the arrangement of the development complex considering the uncertainty of the electricity price and gross construction cost. And it is expected that the result of economics evaluation would greatly differ by installation capacity, and the reason is that the cost of electric infrastructure takes up a higher portion than the gross construction cost of the development complex. The only way to compensate this part is to make the windpower development complex larger. It seems that it will be necessary to enhance spot applicability to evaluate economics afterwards and pay consistent attention to and conduct follow-up research on the economics evaluation of the complex construction.

SAR studies on the quinolone carboxylic acid class of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors focused on improving the metabolic stability and led to the discovery of 27 and 38.

This study performs modelling and simulation of permanent magnetic synchronous generator wind turbine by using Matlab & Simulink. In simulation, change of wind velocity, change of load, and voltage decrease of infinite bus are performed. Through such simulation, different with wiring system that there is only existing load, this study can confirm problems and voltage changing characteristics, which can occur in distributed electric power that load and electric power is mixed and operated, especially, in interconnecting with wind power generation.

A new series of 1,2,4-triazoles was synthesized and tested against several NNRTI-resistant HIV-1 isolates. Several of these compounds exhibited potent antiviral activities against efavirenz- and nevirapine-resistant viruses, containing K103N and/or Y181C mutations or Y188L mutation. Triazoles were first synthesized from commercially available substituted phenylthiosemicarbazides, then from isothiocyanates, and later by condensing the desired substituted anilines with thiosemicarbazones.

Aberrant activations of Fms-like tyrosine receptor kinase (FLT) 3 are implicated in the pathogenesis of 20% to 30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). G-749 is a novel FLT3 inhibitor that showed potent and sustained inhibition of the FLT3 wild type and mutants including FLT3-ITD, FLT3-D835Y, FLT3-ITD/N676D, and FLT3-ITD/F691L in cellular assays. G-749 retained its inhibitory potency in various drug-resistance milieus such as patient plasma, FLT3 ligand surge, and stromal protection. Furthermore, it displayed potent antileukemic activity in bone marrow blasts from AML patients regardless of FLT3 mutation status, including those with little or only minor responses to AC220 or PKC412. Oral administration of G-749 yielded complete tumor regression and increased life span in animal models. Thus, G-749 appears to be a promising next-generation drug candidate for the treatment of relapsed and refractory AML patients with various FLT3-ITD/FLT3-TKD mutants and further shows the ability to overcome drug resistance.

This paper explores the question of embodiment/disembodiment discussed by Hwa Yol Jung mainly in his recent work, Rethinking Political Theory (1993a) in tandem with an examination of some recent developments in Korean scholarship on the same subject. To sum up, the following three points are emphasized. First, this living body does not exist except in specific modalities. In this sense, Gabriel Marcel's paradigmatic affirmation that I am my body requires an elaboration of the specific modalities of the living body as a being in the world. Second, the way a living body exists is not exclusively mental or physical, but both. In short, it is phenomenal. Third, the point of the whole argument can be summed up as follows: to conceal one's own body is natural, but to forget it is dangerous. The primary task of phenomenology is not to denude human beings, but to reawaken ourselves to the idea that we are beings who live with and through bodies.

This chapter presents a control scheme of a variable-speed wind turbine with a permanent-magnet synchronous-generator (PMSG) and full-scale back-to-back voltage source converter. A comprehensive dynamical model of the PMSG wind turbine and its control scheme is presented. The control scheme comprises both the wind-turbine control itself and the power-converter control. In addition, since the PMSG wind turbine is able to support actively the grid due to its capability to control independently active and reactive power production to the imposed set-values with taking into account its operating state and limits, this chapter presents the supervisory reactive-power control scheme in order to regulate/contribute the voltage at a remote location. The ability of the control scheme is assessed and discussed by means of simulations, based on a candidate site of the offshore wind farm in Jeju, Korea.

This paper presents the operation and performance evaluation of PV-wind hybrid systems installed at Gobi desert area of Mongolia in order to identity the key factors that determines system operation at a severe climate conditions. The installed hybrid systems consist of 5 kW PV, 3 kW wind systems, BOS (balance of systems), data acquisition and transmission equipments. The Naran soum of Sukhbaatar aimag, where main systems are installed, is located on the semi desert area of Mongolia, north 45/spl deg/ 3' east 113/spl deg/ 5' and 700 km away from Ulaanbaatar.

For the past several years, our research laboratory has been developing chemical models of protein β-sheets in which molecular templates induce β-sheet structure in attached peptide strands [1]. We have termed these structures artificial β-sheets and call the templates a molecular scaffold and a β-strand mimic to reflect their structural roles. The molecular scaffold holds the peptide and peptidomimetic groups in proximity; the β-strand mimic duplicates the hydrogen-bonding functionality of a peptide β-strand and helps align the peptide strand by hydrogen bonding to it. A few years ago, we asked the deceptively simple question: “What happens when we move the β-strand mimic to the bottom edge of an artificial β-sheet?” [2] Its answer proved both exciting and significant. Not only did the molecules fold to adopt β-sheet-like structures, but these structures also formed well-defined hydrogen-bonded dimers in chloroform solution. This result is noteworthy, both because peptides generally do not form well-defined dimers (they aggregate) and because many proteins do.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer, representing 90% of all adult acute leukemias, with an estimated incidence of 200,000 cases each year worldwide. Noticeably malignant cells, in the majority of AML patients, possess aberrantly expressed FLT3. The corresponding tumor-cell genotyping indicates that 25–30% of the AML blasts carry FLT3 mutations. The molecular characterization of these FLT3 mutations has revealed that they contain either internal tandem duplications (FLT3-ITD) in the juxtamembrane region (17–34%) or point mutations at the kinase domain (7%). Therefore, FLT3 has emerged as a promising target in therapy of AML. The first and second generation of the FLT3 inhibitors such as CEP-701, MLN-518, PKC-412, Sunitinib, Sorafenib, and AC220 are under clinical trial for AML treatment. However, their clinical responses have been below expectation likely due to the influence of plasma inhibitory activity, lack of strong inhibition of downstream effectors involved in aberrant activation of growth pathway, and lack of substantial and sustained inhibition of FLT3 activity, consequently resulting in drug resistance. To address and overcome the key issues leading to several known drug resistances, we have developed a series of novel and highly selective FLT3 inhibitors possessing extreme potency against clinically known FLT3-mutants. One of our leads, SKI-G-801 (G-801), showed IC50 of 0.3 nM for FLT3 and IC50 of 2.1 nM in MV4–11 cells. Furthermore, it also showed IC50 of 3.1 nM in model cell line BaF3 expressing FLT3 D835Y whereas AC220 and PKC412 showed IC50s of 52.4 nM and 11.4 nM in the BaF3 cells, respectively. The tight binding property and the high potency of our lead candidates led to a strong inhibitory activity in the cell model in the presence of human plasma; FLT3 phosphorylation was inhibited by G-801 with IC50 of 9.9nM, while by PKC412 with IC50 of >1000 nM in the human plasma. In addition, a significant tumor regression of 85–100% was observed in a mouse xenograft model using MV4–11 cells by G-801 via oral administration for 28 days. Moreover, a synergistic effect of our lead compounds with AraC was more significant in RS4–11 cells than the known FLT3 inhibitors with AraC. These desirable characteristics of our lead candidates would ostensibly overcome the documented drug resistance confronted by previous FLT3 targeted inhibitors such as AC220, PKC-412, and CEP701. One of our lead candidates is expected to enter preclinical study soon. Therefore, we are confident that our lead candidate will be a promising acute myeloid leukemia drug. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C196.

The combined generator system with the wind and wave power can share the off-shore platform and therefore have the advantage of constructing the transmission system as well as the power conversion system. The established wind power generator systems do output determination by following the transmission system operator's directions and control the turbine by focusing at PCC, but when connected with the wave-power generator; it is needed to do the complex control. Especially, since the method and impact of active power control are different, it is required to distribute demanding power and responsibility to each turbine by considering the grid condition. In this paper, the control system is formed to do output determination of the combined generator system by paying attention to reactive power reserve of utility grid with the analysis of the controllable elements of the wind and wave power generator. And the comparison with the existing system is carried out based on the real system information. Through using the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation, the suitability of the new control technique of the combined system is estimated by proposing the active power control according to the reference signal of TSO and the reactive power capability followed by it.