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The evaluation of pilot brain activity is very important for flight safety. This study proposes a Hidden semi-Markov Model with Hierarchical prior to detect brain activity under different flight tasks. A dynamic student mixture model is proposed to detect the outlier of emission probability of HSMM. Instantaneous spectrum features are also extracted from EEG signals. Compared with other latent variable models, the proposed model shows excellent performance for the automatic inference of brain cognitive activity of pilots. The results indicate that the consideration of hierarchical model and the emission probability with t mixture model improves the recognition performance for Pilots' fatigue cognitive level.

Influenza-like illness (ILI) varies in intensity year by year, generally keeping a stable pattern except for great changes of its epidemic pattern. Of the most impacting factors, urbanization has been suggested as shaping the intensity of influenza epidemics. Besides, growing evidence indicates the nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 offer great advantages in controlling infectious diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of urbanization and NPIs on the dynamic of ILI in Tongzhou, Beijing, during January 2013 to March 2021. ILI epidemiological surveillance data in Tongzhou district were obtained from Beijing Influenza Surveillance Network and separated into three periods of urbanization and four intervals of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Standardized average incidence rates of ILI in each separate stages were calculated and compared by using Wilson method and time series model of seasonal ARIMA. Influenza seasonal outbreaks showed similar epidemic size and intensity before urbanization during 2013-2016. Increased ILI activity was found during the process of Tongzhou's urbanization during 2017-2019, with the rate difference of 2.48 (95% confidence interva [CI]: 2.44, 2.52) and the rate ratio of 1.75 (95% CI: 1.74, 1.76) of ILI incidence between preurbanization and urbanization periods. ILI activity abruptly decreased from the beginning of 2020 and kept at the bottom level almost in every epidemic interval. The top decrease in ILI activity by NPIs was shown in 5-14 years group in 2020-2021 influenza season, as 92.2% (95% CI: 78.3%, 95.2%). The results indicated that both urbanization and NPIs interrupted the epidemic pattern of ILI. We should pay more attention to public health when facing increasing population density, human contact, population mobility, and migration in the process of urbanization. NPIs and influenza vaccination should be implemented as necessary measures to protect people from common infectious diseases like ILI.

Huanglongbing (HLB), the most prevalent citrus disease worldwide, is responsible for substantial yield and economic losses. Phytobiomes, which have critical effects on plant health, are associated with HLB outcomes. The development of a refined model for predicting HLB outbreaks based on phytobiome markers may facilitate early disease detection, thus enabling growers to minimize damages. Although some investigations have focused on differences in the phytobiomes of HLB-infected citrus plants and healthy ones, individual studies are inappropriate for generating common biomarkers useful for detecting HLB on a global scale. In this study, we therefore obtained bacterial information from several independent datasets representing hundreds of citrus samples from six continents and used these data to construct HLB prediction models based on 10 machine learning algorithms. We detected clear differences in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbiomes of HLB-infected and healthy citrus samples. Moreover, phytobiome alpha diversity indices were consistently higher for healthy samples. Furthermore, the contribution of stochastic processes to citrus rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbiome assemblies decreased in response to HLB. Comparison of all constructed models indicated that a random forest model based on 28 bacterial genera in the rhizosphere and a bagging model based on 17 bacterial species in the phyllosphere predicted the health status of citrus plants with almost 100% accuracy. Our results thus demonstrate that machine learning models and phytobiome biomarkers may be applied to evaluate the health status of citrus plants.

To simulate sheet metal forming processes precisely, an in-house dynamic explicit code was developed to apply a new solid-shell element to sheet metal forming analyses, with a corotational coordinate system utilized to simplify the nonlinearity and to integrate the element with anisotropic constitutive laws. The enhancing parameter of the solid-shell element, implemented to circumvent the volumetric and thickness locking phenomena, was condensed into an explicit form. To avoid the rank deficiency, a modified physical stabilization involving the B-bar method and reconstruction of transverse shear components was adopted. For computational efficiency of the solid-shell element in numerical applications, an adaptive mesh subdivision scheme was developed, with element geometry and contact condition taken as subdivision criteria. To accurately capture the anisotropic behavior of sheet metals, material models with three different anisotropic yield functions were incorporated. Several numerical examples were carried out to validate the accuracy of the proposed element and the efficiency of the adaptive mesh subdivision.

Air pollutants can cause serious harm to human health and a variety of respiratory diseases. This study aimed to explore the associations between air pollutants and outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) under urbanization process in the sub-center of Beijing. The data of ILI in sub-center of Beijing from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020 were obtained from Beijing Influenza Surveillance Network. A generalized additive Poisson model was applied to examine the associations between the concentrations of air pollutants and daily outpatient visits for ILI when controlling meteorological factors and holidays. A total of 322,559 patients with ILI were included. The results showed that in the early urbanization period, the effects of PM

Objectives. The clinical and imaging features of asymptomatic carriers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Methods. The clinical and chest computed tomography imaging data of 47 asymptomatic carriers and 36 symptomatic COVID-19 patients were derived. All patients underwent 4–6 CT scans over a period of 2–5 days. Results. The bulk of asymptomatic carriers who developed symptoms and most of the COVID-19 patients were older than 18 years of age with a decreased lymphocyte count, abnormal hepatic and renal function, and increased D-dimer and C-reactive protein. In the early stage, the pulmonary lesion involved mostly 1–2 lobes at the peripheral area in asymptomatic carriers but more than three lobes at both the central and peripheral areas in COVID-19 patients. In the progression stage, the lesion of asymptomatic carriers extended from the peripheral to the central area, and no significant difference was found in the lesion range compared with the symptomatic control group. In early improvement stage, the lesion was rapidly absorbed, and lesions were located primarily at the peripheral area in asymptomatic carriers; contrastingly, lesions were primarily located at both the central and peripheral areas in symptomatic patients. Asymptomatic carriers reflected a significantly shorter duration from disease onset to peak progression stage compared with the symptomatic. Conclusions. Asymptomatic carriers are a potential source of transmission and may become symptomatic COVID-19 patients despite indicating less severe pulmonary damage, earlier improvement, and better prognosis. Early isolation and intervention can eliminate such carriers as potential sources of transmission and improve their prognosis.

To explore methods and clinical effects of selective U-shaped osteotomy of lateral tibial condyle in treating collapse and comminuted fracture of lateral tibial plateau.From January 2014 to October 2019, 15 patients with collapse and comminuted fracture of lateral tibial plateau were treated by selective U-shaped osteotomy of lateral tibial condyle, including 9 males and 6 females. The age of patients ranged from 25 to 70 years old, with an average age of (38.5±7.7) years old. According to ABC classification of condyle fracture of tibial plateau lateral, there were 2 cases of type A, 6 cases of type B, 4 cases of type BC and 3 cases of type C. Five patients were combined with medial plateau fracture, 8 patients were combined with left knee fracture and 7 patients of right knee fracture. The time of treatment after injury ranged from 1 day to 14 days with an average of (3.4±1.2) days. CT of all patients showed that lateral tibial plateau collapsed more than 2 mm, more than 2 pieces of bones were crushed and broken, and lateral tibial condyle cortex was intact. At follow-up of 12 months after operation, Rasmussen's anatomical grading system was used to evaluate fracture reduction. Rasmussen's functional grading system were used to evaluate knee joint function.Selective U-shaped osteotomy was successfully complated in 15 patients at one time, and operation time ranged from 55 to 110 min, with an average time of (85.6±20.0) min. The lateral plateau operation ranged from 20 to 60 min with an average time of(30.5±10.5) min. All patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average of (14.6±2.5) months. Fracture healing time was 12 to 24 weeks, with an average of (13.6±3.6) weeks. At follow-up 12 months after operation, by Rasmussen's grading system, anatomical score of knee joint ranged from 14 to 18 points, with an average score of (17.5±0.3) points, of which 13 cases were excellent and 2 cases were good. The functional score ranged from 13 points to 30 points, with an average score of (26.8±2.5) points. Among them, 12 cases were excellent, 1 case was good, 2 cases were fair. Two patients suffered 2 mm and 4 mm loss of lateral tibial plateau, 1 case of knee joint 5 ° valgus, 1 case of stiff joints (10 ° to 100 °). No common peroneal nerve injury, important vascular injury, postoperative infection, internal fixation failure and other serious complications was found.The use of selective lateral tibial condyle "U"- shaped osteotomy approach is an effective and reliable method to treat the collapse and comminuted fracture of the lateral tibial plateau. It has the advantages of simple surgical incision, direct fracture exposure, accurate repositioning and fixation, short operation time and few complications.

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a primary complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The pathology of DN is still vague, and diagnostic accuracy is not enough. This study was performed to identify miRNAs and genes that have possibilities of being used as therapeutic targets for DN in type 2 DM. Methods Human miRNA data GSE51674 and gene data GSE111154 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in the kidney between control and DN patients were screened out. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed, and key lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA pairs were selected accordingly. Potential drugs targeting DEGs were screened out and validated using PCR analysis. Results Totally, 83 DEmiRNAs and 293 DEGs were identified in GSE51674 and GSE111154, respectively. Thirteen of the top 20 DEmiRNAs (10 up and 10 down) targeted to 47 DEGs. In the ceRNA network, RP11-363E7.4/TTN-AS1/HOTAIRM1-hsa-miR-106b-5p-PTGER3 and LINC00960-hsa-miR-1237-3p-MMP-2 interaction pairs were identified as the key ceRNA network. Interestingly, PTGER3 and hsa-miR-1237-3p were downregulated, and MMP-2 and hsa-miR-106b-5p were upregulated in the kidney of patients with DN compared with normal controls, respectively. PTGER3 and MMP-2 were targeted by drugs including iloprost, treprostinil, or captopril, and the deregulation of the two genes was confirmed in the plasma samples from patients with DN as compared with controls. Conclusions We speculated that the RP11-363E7.4/TTN-AS1/HOTAIRM1-hsa-miR-106b-5p-PTGER3 and LINC00960-hsa-miR-1237-3p-MMP-2 networks were associated with diabetic renal injury.

Periostin (POSTN) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, involved in various diseases. This research focused on the detailed mechanisms study of periostin (POSTN) overexpression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) invasion and migration. Western blot and RT-PCR were performed to explore POSTN expression in various RCC cells. Cells were transfected with siRNAs or lentivirus to regulate the expression of POSTN. The effects of POSTN on cell viability, apoptosis, migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RCC cells were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, migration and invasion assay and Western blot analysis. POSTN expression was significantly enhanced in RCC cells compared with renal tubular epithelial cells. In vitro experiments showed that POSTN knockdown could dramatically inhibit RCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while overexpression of POSTN could promote these biological behaviors. We further demonstrated that POSTN knockdown suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was mediated via upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin, through IKL/AKT/mTOR pathway. In contrast, overexpression of POSTN could promote EMT in RCC cells via the activation of IKL /AKT/mTOR pathway. Next, we demonstrated that higher POSTN expression promoted angiogenesis in vivo in an RCC xenograft tumor via activating IKL /AKT/mTOR pathway. Our study showed that POSTN could promote EMT through ILK/AKT/mTOR pathway and might be an alternative therapeutic strategy for RCC treatment.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to solve the key technical problems of the practical application of electric robots. The UHV multi-split transmission line power cable operation robot is an important equipment to ensure the reliable operation of high voltage lines and is a useful exploration to realize high-quality power transmission. As the robot system platform equipment mature and operation environment gradually become more complex, the double arm coordination motion control in extreme environment becomes one of the main bottleneck for its practical in power system. Design/methodology/approach This paper summarizes the key technologies related to power cable robots, and aims at key technical indicators such as operation reliability, operation efficiency and operation quality in the robot’s practical process. The dynamic evolution mechanism of the robot’s mechanical configuration, the multi-physics information fusion algorithm in extreme environments, the robot’s autonomous positioning and its error compensation control, the robot’s robust motion control in extreme environments and the dual-arm force-position hybrid coordination control and the dynamic distribution and elimination mechanism of internal forces in the closed chain between robots and operating objects, all the research methods and solutions of the key technologies are proposed, respectively. Findings Finally, a new control architecture for power cable robots in the background of the Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things is proposed so as to manage the operation and maintenance of electric power systems. The above key technologies are a new exploration of the operation and maintenance management of EHV (Extra High Voltage) multi-split transmission lines which have laid a solid theoretical foundation for the power cable robot. Originality/value High voltage transmission line is the main channel of power transmission. It is an important means to improve the integration of operation and maintenance management of power system to use robot instead of manual inspection and maintenance of power line, in the promotion and application of electric robot. The authors pay attention to the practicability, and the breakthrough of key technologies of robot is the premise of the practicability of robot. In this paper, the robot operation and control in multi-task and complex scenes are studied. The research and implementation of the main key technologies, such as the dynamic evolution mechanism of robot configuration, the coupling and fusion law of multi physical fields in the extreme electric power environment, the autonomous positioning control of manipulator, the robust control of robot in the super electromagnetic field environment and the cooperative operation control of multi manipulator, are discussed.

Purpose In the long-term network operation, the power distribution network will be subjected to the effects of ultra-high voltage, strong electromagnetic interference and harsh natural environment on the power system, which will lead to the occurrence of different faults in the distribution network and directly affect the normal operation of the power grid. Design/methodology/approach The purpose of this study is to solve the problems of labor intensity, high risk and low efficiency of distribution network manual maintenance operation, this paper proposed a new configuration of the live working robot for distribution network maintenance, the robot is equipped with dual working arms through the mobile platform, which can realize the coordination movement, the autonomous reorganization and replacement of the end tools, respectively, so as the robot power distribution maintenance function such as stripping, trimming, wiring and the operation control problem of the distribution network-robot with small arms and in small operation space can be realized. Findings To effective elimination or reduce the adverse effects of the internal forces in the closed chain between the working object and manipulator under the typical task of the 10 kV distribution network, this paper has established the robot coordinated control dynamics model in the closed-chain between the dual-working object and proposed the dynamic distribution method of closed-chain internal force and the effectiveness has been proved by simulation experiments and 10 kV field operation. Originality/value The force-position hybrid control can realize the mutual compensation of force and position so as to effectively reduce the internal force in the closed chain. Finally, the engineering practicality of the method is verified by field operation experiment, the effective implementation of this control method greatly improves the robot working efficiency and the operation reliability, the promotion and application of the control method have great theoretical and practical value and maintenance management system, so as to achieve automation of electric.

To develop a novel logistic regression model based on liver/spleen volumes and portal vein diameter measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting oesophagogastric variceal bleeding (OVB) secondary to HBV cirrhosis.One hundred eighty-five consecutive cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B undergoing abdominal contrast-enhanced MRI were randomly divided into training cohort (n = 130) and validation cohort (n = 55). Spleen volume, total liver volume, four liver lobe volumes, and diameters of portal venous system were measured on MRI. Ratios of spleen volume to total liver and to individual liver lobe volumes were calculated. In training cohort, univariate analyses and binary logistic regression analyses were to determine independent predictors. Performance of the model for predicting OVB constructed based on independent predictors from training cohort was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and was validated by Kappa test in validation cohort.OVB occurred in 42 and 18 individuals in training and validation cohorts during the 2 years' follow-up, respectively. An OVB prediction model was constructed based on the independent predictors including right liver lobe volume (RV), left gastric vein diameter (LGVD) and portal vein diameter (PVD) (odds ratio = 0.993, 2.202 and 1.613, respectively; p-values0.001 for all). The logistic regression model equation (-0.007 × RV + 0.79 × LGVD + 0.478 × PVD-6.73) for predicting OVB obtained excellent performance with an area under ROC curve of 0.907. The excellent performance was confirmed by Kappa test with K-value of 0.802 in validation cohort.The novel logistic regression model can be reliable for predicting OVB.• Patients with oesophagogastric variceal bleeding are mainly characterized by decreased right lobe volume, and increased spleen volume and diameters of portal vein system. • The right liver lobe volume, left gastric vein diameter and portal vein diameter are the independent predictors of oesophagogastric variceal bleeding. • The novel model developed based on the independent predictors performed well in predicting oesophagogastric variceal bleeding with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.907.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease that usually occurs in children under 5 years and is caused by a group of enteroviruses. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD clusters from 2016 to 2020 in Tongzhou, Beijing, and explored the genetic evolution of CV-A6. The HFMD case information came from the Information System of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as well as the clusters information verification and on-site investigation by Tongzhou CDC. ARIMA model was applied to forecast HFMD clusters in 2020. Totally 440 HFMD clusters were reported during 2016-2020. The large peak of the clusters occurred in April-July, followed by a smaller peak in October-November during 2016-2019. However, in 2020, the two peaks disappeared. The main site of HFMD clusters was childcare facilities (65.0%) and mostly occurred in urban areas (46.1%). The detection rate of CV-A6 was the highest (36.1%), and cases with CV-A6 infection had the highest proportion of fever. The phylogenetic analysis based on CV-A6 VP1 gene showed that the predominant strains mainly located in Group F during 2016-2017, while changed into Group A during 2018-2020. HFMD clusters presented seasonality, mainly located in childcare facilities and urban areas, and CV-A6 was the major causative agent. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce HFMD clusters.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to achieve optimal climbing control of the gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) robot, as the authors know that the GIS inspection robot is a kind of artificial intelligent mobile equipment which auxiliary or even substitute human labor drive on the inner wall of the gas-insulated metal enclosed switchgear. The GIS equipment fault inspection and maintenance can be realized through the robot manipulator on the mobile platform and the camera carried on the fuselage, and it is a kind of intelligent equipment for operation. To realize the inspection and operation of the GIS equipment pipeline without blind spots, the robot is required to be able to travel on any wall inside the pipeline, especially the top of the pipeline and both right and left sides of the pipeline, which requires the flexible climbing of the GIS inspection robot. The robot device has a certain adsorption function to ensure that the robot is fully attached to the wall surface. At the same time, the robot manipulator can be used for collision-free obstacle avoidance operation planning in the narrow operation space inside the GIS equipment. Design/methodology/approach The above two technologies are the key that the robot completes the GIS equipment inspections. Based on this, this paper focuses on modeling and analysis of the chassis adsorption characteristics for the GIS inspection robot. At the same time, the Denavit Hartenberg (D-H) coordinate model of the robot arm system has been established, and the kinematics forward and inverse solutions of the robot manipulator system have been derived. Findings The reachable working space point cloud diagram of the robot manipulator in MATLAB has been obtained based on the kinematics analysis, and the operation trajectory planning of the robot manipulator using the robot toolbox has been obtained. The simulation results show that the robot manipulator system can realize the movement without collision and obstacle avoidance. The space can cover the entire GIS pipeline so as to achieve no blind area operation. Originality/value Finally, the GIS inspection robot physical prototype system has been developed through system integration design, and the inspection, maintenance operation experiment has been carried out in the actual GIS equipment. The entire robot system can complete the GIS equipment inspection operation soundly and improve the operation efficiency. The research in this paper has important theoretical significance and practical application value for the optimization design and practical research of the GIS inspection robot system.

To investigate the prevalence of ED and the associated factors in infertile males.We continuously selected 896 infertile males present at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongzhimen Hospital and the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital and evaluated the erectile function of the patients using a self-designed questionnaire and IIEF-5. We analyzed the ED-associated factors by multivariate analysis.Based on the results of questionnaire investigation, there were 416 cases of ED in the 896 infertile males (46.43%), including 23 (2.56%) severe, 38 (4.24%) moderate, 109 (12.17%) mild-moderate and 246 (27.46%) mild cases. Multivariate analysis indicated that the prevalence rate of ED was correlated positively with obesity, hypertension and diabetes, and negatively with husband-wife affection and the frequency of sexual intercourse.The prevalence rate of ED is high in infertile males, mostly mild, and correlated with husband-wife affection, the frequency of sexual intercourse and some diseases.

Purpose In the multi-splitting transmission lines extreme power environment of ultra-high voltage and strong electromagnetic interference, to improve the trajectory tracking and stability control performance of the robot manipulator when conduct electric power operation, and effectively reduce the influence of disturbance factors on the robot motion control, this paper aims to presents a robust trajectory tracking motion control method for power cable robot manipulators based on sliding mode variable structure control theory. Design/methodology/approach Through the layering of aerial-online-ground robot three-dimensional control architecture, the robot joint motion dynamic model has been built, and the motion control model of the N-degrees of freedom robot system has also been obtained. On this basis, the state space expression of joint motion control under disturbance and uncertainty has been also derived, and the manipulator sliding mode variable structure trajectory tracking control model has also been established. The influence of the perturbation control parameters on the robot motion control can be compensated by the back propagation neural network learning, the stability of the controller has been analyzed by using Lyapunov theory. Findings The robot has been tested on a analog line in the lab, the effectiveness of sliding mode variable structure control is verified by trajectory tracking simulation experiments of different typical signals with different methods. The field operation experiment further verifies the engineering practicability of the control method. At the same time, the control method has the remarkable characteristics of sound versatility, strong adaptability and easy expansion. Originality/value Three-dimensional control architecture of underground-online-aerial robots has been proposed for industrial field applications in the ubiquitous power internet of things environment (UPIOT). Starting from the robot joint motion, the dynamic equation of the robot joint motion and the state space expression of the robot control system have been established. Based on this, a robot closed-loop trajectory tracking control system has been designed. A robust trajectory tracking motion control method for robots based on sliding mode variable structure theory has been proposed, and a sliding mode control model for the robot has been constructed. The uncertain parameters in the control model have been compensated by the neural network in real-time, and the sliding mode robust control law of the robot manipulator has been solved and obtained. A suitable Lyapunov function has been selected to prove the stability of the system. This method enhances the expansibility of the robot control system and shortens the development cycle of the controller. The trajectory tracking simulation experiment of the robot manipulator proves that the sliding mode variable structure control can effectively restrain the influence of disturbance and uncertainty on the robot motion stability, and meet the design requirements of the control system with fast response, high tracking accuracy and sound stability. Finally, the engineering practicability and superiority of sliding mode variable structure control have been further verified by field operation experiments.

The continuous accumulation of extracellular matrix will eventually lead to glomerular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and vascular sclerosis, which are involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). If these processes can be discovered early and effective interventions given in time, the progression of kidney disease may be delayed. Therefore, exploring new biomarkers and therapeutic targets that can identify CKD at an early stage is urgently needed. In recent years, studies have shown that urine periostin may be used as a marker of early renal tubular injury. And in an animal model experiment of hypertensive nephropathy, periostin is involved in the progression of kidney injury and reflects its progression. Here we review the current progress on the role of periostin in pathologic pathways of kidney system to explore whether periostin is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CKD.