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Metal thio(seleno)phosphates are renowned for their multifaceted physical characteristics and versatile applications, particularly in optoelectronics. In detection applications, a low and stable dark current is crucial, enhancing the sensitivity and signal‐to‐noise ratio of detectors. Herein, a van der Waals layered material has synthesized, CuInP2Se6. Despite its nanometric scale, 2D CuInP2Se6 detector transcends the conventional absorption inefficiencies tied to ultrathin materials. It delivers exceptional ultraviolet–visible detection, characterized by an ultralow, stable dark current of 150 fA, and a noise power density of 27.7 fA Hz−1/2 at room temperature. The in‐depth investigation reveals a responsivity of 4.47 A W−1, an external quantum efficiency of 1369%, a special detectivity of 1.44 × 1013 Jones, and a rapid response speed of 280 µs, positioning it at the pinnacle of 2D photodetector performance. The CuInP2Se6's ultralow, stable dark current paves the way for X‐ray detection, achieving an unprecedented sensitivity of 1.32 × 105 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 0.15 µGyair s−1. Furthermore, 2D CuInP2Se6 detector exhibits a remarkable image‐sensing capability, adeptly capturing intricate patterns with high resolution. This discovery indicates its promise in revolutionizing integrated micro/nano optoelectronic devices, opening avenues for advancements in light and X‐ray detection and imaging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline conditions usually requires a higher overpotential compared with acidic conditions due to the extra energy barrier originating from the additional water dissociation step. In this work, the theoretical calculation has confirmed that this challenge can be solved by the bimetallic synergic effect on binary transition metal catalysts. We report a simple method to synthesize NiMoP 2 nanowires with (100) plane which can precisely expose Ni and Mo atom. The synthesized NiMoP 2 nanowires exhibit a small overpotential of 87 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2 with a low Tafel slope of 66 mV dec−1 and long-term stability in alkaline solutions. Image 1 • A NiMoP 2 nanowires nanocatalyst was successfully synthesized on Ti plates. • The synergistic effect between Ni and Mo atoms boosts the catalytic performance. • Suitable annealing process further improve the HER performance. • The catalyst exhibited efficient HER catalysts in alkaline electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The CoP|S has coral-like nanoporous structures and allows the release of gas evolution in nano-scale design. • Stable nanoporous CoP|S with abundant active sites are fabricated through a simple annealing method. • S-substituting can control the electronic structure and favor more suitable H adsorption of CoP|S to promote HER activity. • Nanoporous CoP|S electrodes present the improved HER performance compared with CoP. The morphology and crystallographic surface can influence the catalytic HER activity of electrocatalyst. With sufficient active sites and surface area, nanoporous materials with three-dimensional interconnected porous networks have shown the promising application in electrocatalyst. In this work, we report a simple method that can synthesize the self-supported nanoporous cobalt phosphosulfate (CoP|S) electrocatalyst. Theoretical calculation shows that the phosphorus substitution by sulfur can control the electronic structures of the active sites and accelerate charge transfer of CoP, therefore improving HER activity. The experimental study shows that nanoporous CoP|S electrodes present the improved HER performance compared with CoP in alkaline media and acidic media, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • WS 2 /W electrodes completely remove contact resistance effect on the charge transfer. • WS 2 nanosheets have high surface areas and abundant active sites. • WS 2 exhibits good electrical conductivity. • WS 2 /W heterojunction shows remarkably enhanced electrocatalytic HER activity. Abstract In this work, we report a simple bottom-up approach to synthesize seamless tungsten disulfide (WS 2)-tungsten (W) heterojunction electrode for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Through one step sulfidation of WO 3 /W, ultra-thin vertically-arranged WS 2 flakes with high surface areas and stepped-structure as well as abundant defects can grow on the W substrate. The synthesized WS 2 /W electrode exhibits outstanding HER activity with an onset overpotential of as small as approximately 30 mV, and an operating potential of only 108 mV for 10 mA/cm2, which is close to the state-of-the-art transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) HER electrocatalyst reported in the literature so far. The abundant exposed edges and defects of WS 2 along with excellent electrical contact between WS 2 and W substrate contribute to the high HER activity of WS 2 /W electrode reported in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers and is the second-leading cause of cancer-associated morbidity worldwide. Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol that may be important in many biological processes, but the levels and roles of oxysterols in gastric tumours remain to be elucidated. The levels of cholesterol, oxysterols and sulfated oxysterols in human gastric tumour tissues, adjacent normal mucosal tissues, cancerous gastric juice and gastric juice obtained from healthy subjects were detected by LC-MS. It was found that the levels of 24(R/S),25-EC and 27HC in human gastric tumour tissues and cancerous gastric juice were significantly increased compared with those of adjacent normal mucosal tissues and gastric juice from healthy subjects. Compared with normal gastric mucosal tissue, the levels of sulfated 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC3S) and the ratio of 25HC3S/25HC were decreased in human gastric tumour tissues, which might be related to the dramatically decreased SULT2A1 expression in gastric tumour tissue. Both 24(R/S),25-EC and 27HC suppressed gastric cancer proliferation, which was not altered by LXRα-siRNA treatment. The suppression of cell proliferation induced by 27HC was attenuated by LXRβ-siRNA, but the suppression of cell proliferation induced by 24(R/S),25-EC was intensified by LXRβ-siRNA. Both 24(R/S),25-EC and 27HC dramatically inhibited HGC-27 cell migration, which was attenuated by the co-transfection of cells with LXRα-siRNA and LXRβ-siRNA, but not LXRα-siRNA or LXRβ-siRNA alone. In conclusion, the accumulated 24(R/S),25-EC and 27HC in human gastric tumour tissues might play important roles in gastric cancer development. Highlights • Detection of oxysterols in human gastric tumour tissues and gastric juice. • 24(R/S),25-EC and 27HC were increased in human gastric tumour tissues. • Proliferation of gastric cancer cells were suppressed by 24(R/S),25-EC/27HC. • Migration of gastric cancer cells were suppressed by 24(R/S),25-EC/27HC. • Roles of LXRs in the regulation of proliferation/migration by 24(R/S),25-EC/27HC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a self‐powered photodetector capable of functioning without an external power source has generated significant interest among researchers due to the growing demand for miniaturization and portability. In this study, a p‐Te/n‐WSe2 van der Waals heterojunction with a distinct rectification ratio exceeding 104, an ultralow reverse current of 10−11 A, and a light on/off ratio of up to 5657 under 405 nm light illumination is fabricated. Additionally, the Te/WSe2 heterojunction displayed a fast response speed of 18 µs and a broadband detection capability from 405 to 1550 nm. Furthermore, the Te/WSe2 heterojunction demonstrated a competitive self‐powered photodetector, exhibiting a light on/off ratio above 5 × 104, a photovoltaic responsivity of 196 mA W−1, and a photovoltaic detectivity of 7.5 × 1011 Jones. This study highlights the promising potential of Te/WSe2 vdWH for ultrasensitive self‐powered photodetection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Mo 2 C nanosheets are fabricated on Mo foil to decrease the contact resistance between Mo 2 C and Mo substrate. • The Mo 2 C nanosheets with textured surfaces expose large special surface-area and abundant active catalytic sites. • The Mo 2 C nanosheets with textured surfaces avoid the agglomeration of sediments of Ni(OH) 2. • The synergistic effect of Ni(OH) 2 and Mo 2 C facilitates the dynamical process in alkaline HER. Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) in alkaline media occupies a significant position in industrial preparation. However, the HER reaction rate in alkaline media is much less than that in acidic media for most catalysts. Herein, the hybrid catalyst constituted by the Ni(OH) 2 nanoparticles and favorable Mo 2 C nanosheets is applied to facilitate the HER catalytic activity in alkaline media. The decoration of Ni(OH) 2 nanoparticles on Mo 2 C nanosheets with the textured surface not only increases the number of active centers but also promotes the transfer of electrons between Ni(OH) 2 and Mo 2 C. The as-prepared activated Mo/Mo 2 C-Ni(OH) 2 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance for HER in alkaline media with a low overpotential and small tafel slope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With its unique cellular plasticity, the small intestinal mucosa exhibits efficient adaptability upon feeding. However, little is known about the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding on this adaption and its underlying mechanism. Herein, we demonstrated that the cell proliferation ability, mitochondrial morphology, and global transcriptomic profile of the small intestine exhibited a prominent discrepancy between the fasted and refed state in mice, which were markedly attenuated by long-term HFD feeding. The retinol (Vitamin A, VA) metabolism pathway was dramatically affected by HFD feeding in the small intestine. Both VA and its active metabolite retinoic acid (RA), with the administration of lipid micelles, promoted the expression of genes involved in lipid absorption and suppressed the expression of genes involved in the cell proliferation of intestinal organoids. Via chip-qPCR and RT-qPCR, genes involved in lipid metabolism and cell proliferation were target genes of RARα/RXRα in small intestinal organoids treated with RA and lipid micelles. The role of VA in the in vivo attenuation of intestinal adaptability, in response to HFD, was evaluated. Mice were fed a normal chow diet, HFD, or HFD diet supplemented with additional 1.5-fold VA for 12 weeks. VA supplementation in HFD accelerated the attenuation of intestinal adaptability upon feeding induced by HFD, promoted lipid absorption gene expression, and increased body weight and serum cholesterol levels. In conclusion, the discrepancy of the small intestine between the fasted and refed state was dramatically attenuated by HFD feeding, in which VA and RA might play important roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Electron transport efficiency of catalyst-electrode system is optimized. • The adsorption/desorption of H is modified by tuning the electronic properties of the electron state of surface of MoS 2. • High HER performance in alkaline and acidic electrolyte. Metal sulfides (MoS 2) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts typically suffer from inert kinetics, especially in alkaline conditions, due to its improper hydrogen adsorption/desorption capability on the basal plane S atoms. However, the hydrogen adsorption/desorption can be tuned by modulating the electron state by introducing the dopants in the basal plane of MoS 2. Herein, we report a MoO 2 /MoS 2 structure for efficient HER in alkaline and acidic electrolyte. The design of this high-performance MoO 2 /MoS 2 |P electrode is verified by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The calculation demonstrates that the electron state of ultra-thin MoS 2 can be modulated by the substitution reaction (S-O or P-O) on MoO 2 surface to optimize hydrogen binding behavior and thus promote HER kinetics. Particularly, MoO 2 /MoS 2 |P (P doped) electrode exhibits an overpotential of 45 mV for 10 mA/cm2, which is a record low value among the reported transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) measured in the alkaline electrolyte so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A healthy gastric mucosal epithelium exhibits tumor-suppressive properties. Gastric epithelial cell dysfunction contributes to gastric cancer development. Oxysterols provided from food or cholesterol oxidation in the gastric epithelium may be further sulfated by hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2B1 (SULT2B1), which is highly abundant in the gastric epithelium. However, the effects of SULT2B1 on gastric epithelial function and gastric carcinogenesis are unclear. Methods: A mouse gastric tumor model was established using carcinogenic agent 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA). A SULT2B1 deletion (SULT2B1−/−) human gastric epithelial line GES-1 was constructed by CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing system. Results: The gastric tumor incidence was higher in the SULT2B1−/− mice than in the wild-type (WT) mice. In gastric epithelial cells, adenovirus-mediated SULT2B1b overexpression reduced the levels of oxysterols, such as 24(R/S),25-epoxycholesterol (24(R/S),25-EC) and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC). This condition also increased PI3K/AKT signaling to promote gastric epithelial cell proliferation, epithelization, and epithelial development. However, SULT2B1 deletion or SULT2B1 knockdown suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling, epithelial cell epithelization, and wound healing and induced gastric epithelial cell malignant transition upon 3-MCA induction. Conclusions: The abundant SULT2B1 expression in normal gastric epithelium might maintain epithelial function via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and suppress gastric carcinogenesis induced by a carcinogenic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) has invoked much research interest in recent years. In this work, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was employed to grow a novel molybdenum disulfide. The synthesis reaction was operated in an inert gas environment, with the sulfur precursor placed in the upstream zone of a double zone tube furnace, and the molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3) precursor placed in a small tube in the downstream zone. A piece of glass was used as the substrate, which was placed beside the small tube. We intentionally built a high concentration of molybdenum precursor above the substrate. The specific morphology hinged highly on the concentration of molybdenum. Abundant molybdenum atoms adsorbed on the edges of the bottom MoS 2 and formed defects, which promoted the nucleation of the top layer MoS 2 and preferentially grew from the edges. This result provides an innovative method to controllably synthesize novel bilayer molybdenum disulfide by a one-step method of chemical vapor deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a new scalable strategy for the synthesis of nonlayered ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum nitride (MoN) on a SiO2/Si substrate by converting 2D molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) through an ammonolysis process. The edge of MoN shows higher performance than that of the basal plane in both acidic and alkaline solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure in many countries. In the present study, we developed stable mouse models of acute drug-induced hepatic injury (DILI) and acute drug-induced hepatic failure (DILF) by sub-lethal and lethal APAP injection respectively. The differences in hepatic transcriptome profiling between these two models were compared by RNA sequencing, which were validated by qPCR, western-blot and ELISA. In results, serum IL-6, TNF-a and IL-10 levels are higher in DILF than in DILI. The upregulated genes in DILF compared with DILI were mostly enriched in the areas of “cellular development process”, “cell division”, “multicellular organism development,” etc. The downregulated genes in DILF compared with DILI were mostly enriched in the areas of “cellular response to chemical stimulus”, “cellular response to stress”, “cell activation,” etc. Sub-lethal doses of APAP increased Myc, Bag3 and Btc expression in mouse liver, but lethal doses of APAP did not, which suggested that these three genes might play important roles in adaptive protection reactions in DILI. The serum Btc level might be a potential biomarker of drug induced liver injury with good prognosis. Our data can help us better understand the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity that influence prognosis and seek novel prognostic indicators of DILI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple approach for the synthesis of oxygen vacancy rich molybdenum oxide (MoO x ) on Mo foil using simple anodization method has been developed. The oxygen vacancy of synthesized MoO x is confirmed by Raman, XPS, and XRD measurements. MoO x /Mo electrode exhibits high active for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solution. The HER performance of MoO x /Mo can be further improved by electrodepositing of small amount of Pt nanoparticles on MoO x . Pt-MoO x /Mo electrode shows high HER performance, which is close to the performance of Pt. Importantly, Pt-MoO x /Mo electrode has excellent stability even after 2000 potential cycles in alkaline solution. Our study proposed a simple method for preparing low-cost Mo based electrode for high efficient hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel MIS structured FTO/BVO/TiO 2 /Graphene/Ni photoanode for PEC water oxidation. • Graphene is adopted as hole transport layer to improve hole tunneling efficiency. • The photocurrent of BVO photoanode can be increased nearly 1.5 times with graphene. • The BVO photoanode exhibits excellent performance in strong alkaline electrolytes. The artificial photosynthesis system relies on the semiconductors that are chemically stable and can efficiently capture solar energy. However, material stability and water splitting efficiency are often poor under the harsh conditions because of thermodynamic and kinetic challenges that hamper its practical use in large-scale integrated devices. Here, we integrate BiVO 4 photoanode into a metal–insulator-semiconductor (MIS) device to provide high stability. In addition, graphene is employed as hole extraction layer between catalyst and insulator layer to provide high-density states at the interface of the insulator to efficiently improve hole tunneling efficiency in BiVO 4 MIS photoanode without reducing the light absorption. With graphene hole extraction layer, the photocurrent of BiVO 4 photoanode can be increased nearly 1.5 times. More importantly, BiVO 4 MIS photoanode exhibits high stability in alkaline environments (pH = 13). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A two-step method to synthesize Se-CoS 2 nanowires for hydrogen evolution reactions. • Adsorption/desorption of H is optimized by dopant to tune the electron status. • The adsorbed hydrogen binds to Se-CoS 2 neither too strong nor too weak. • An optimal condition for electron and proton transferring to adsorbed hydrogen. Cobalt disulfide (CoS 2) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) suffers from unfavorable hydrogen adsorption properties due to the strong interaction between the adsorbed H and the intensely electropositive cobalt atom. Herein, we successfully demonstrate a general strategy to improve the hydrogen evolution activity of CoS 2 by modulating the surface electron density. The selenium doped CoS 2 (Se-CoS 2) nanowires arrays exhibit a durable activity for electrochemical hydrogen evolution in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution to deliver 10 mA cm−2 at the overpotential of only 139 mV. Our density functional theory studies consistently confirm that the surface electron density of CoS 2 has been effectively manipulated by Se doping. The adsorbed hydrogen binding energy to Se-CoS 2 can be optimized to provide an optimal condition for electron and proton transferring to the adsorbed H 2 , thereby promoting HER activity of CoS 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A facile CVD method was employed to introduce Mo doping on BiVO 4 photoanode. • Mo doping will induce the reconstruction of BiVO 4 surface, thereby forming a homojunction. • Oxygen vacancies will be generated by Mo doping, which is beneficial for OER reaction. • The CoPi/Graphene/Mo:BiVO 4 photoanode exhibits excellent OER activity. • This work provide a promising strategy for designing high-performance BiVO 4 photoelectrodes. Fabrication junction and doping are the two major methods to improve the charge separation and transfer efficiency of BiVO 4 (BVO) photoanode to boost its photoelectrochemical water splitting performance. Most of the reported methods require complicated fabrication steps, therefore increasing the usage of hazardous chemicals and cost as well. Herein, we report a BiVO 4 homojunction with abundant oxygen vacancies fabricated by a surface crystal orientation reconstruction induced by one step Mo doping method. After Mo doping, a few nanometer BVO with crystal orientation of (1 2 1) is formed on BVO (1 1 0) surface with abundant oxygen vacancies on BVO photoanode. Mo doped BiVO 4 photoanode (Mo:BVO) exhibits an obvious improvement of photocurrent (∼1.63 folds) compared with the pristine BVO. Using graphene as the hole extraction layer and CoPi as the cocatalysts, CoPi/Gr/Mo:BVO photoanode shows a high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with the onset potential of 0.3 V vs. RHE and photocurrent of 4.36 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE under AM 1.5 G illumination. This work provides a promising strategy for the design of high-performance BiVO 4 photoelectrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A facile CVD method was employed to introduce Mo doping on BiVO 4 photoanode. • Mo doping will induce the reconstruction of BiVO 4 surface, thereby forming a homojunction. • Oxygen vacancies will be generated by Mo doping, which is beneficial for OER reaction. • The CoPi/Graphene/Mo:BiVO 4 photoanode exhibits excellent OER activity. • This work provide a promising strategy for designing high-performance BiVO 4 photoelectrodes. Fabrication junction and doping are the two major methods to improve the charge separation and transfer efficiency of BiVO 4 (BVO) photoanode to boost its photoelectrochemical water splitting performance. Most of the reported methods require complicated fabrication steps, therefore increasing the usage of hazardous chemicals and cost as well. Herein, we report a BiVO 4 homojunction with abundant oxygen vacancies fabricated by a surface crystal orientation reconstruction induced by one step Mo doping method. After Mo doping, a few nanometer BVO with crystal orientation of (1 2 1) is formed on BVO (1 1 0) surface with abundant oxygen vacancies on BVO photoanode. Mo doped BiVO 4 photoanode (Mo:BVO) exhibits an obvious improvement of photocurrent (∼1.63 folds) compared with the pristine BVO. Using graphene as the hole extraction layer and CoPi as the cocatalysts, CoPi/Gr/Mo:BVO photoanode shows a high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with the onset potential of 0.3 V vs. RHE and photocurrent of 4.36 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE under AM 1.5 G illumination. This work provides a promising strategy for the design of high-performance BiVO 4 photoelectrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]