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AIM: To investigate the clinical features of the ocular surface in patients with different degrees of myopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 122 participants with myopia in Beijing Tongren Hospital from February to June, 2023. After completing the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score scale, measurements were taken for refraction, biometric parameters and ocular surface parameters. The prevalence, severity and related parameters of the dry eye among different groups based on axial length (AL) were compared. Correlation analysis was performed between ocular surface parameters and refraction/biometric measurement parameters. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in refractive error, corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, and subfoveal choroidal thickness among the groups (all P

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of micropulse laser combined with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in the treatment of macular edema(ME)secondary to non-ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO).METHODS: A total of 200 cases(200 eyes)of non-ischemic BRVO secondary to ME who were treated in our hospital from January 2020 to March 2022 were selected and divided into the control group(100 cases, 100 eyes)and the observation group(100 cases, 100 eyes)by random number table. The control group was given intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, and the observation group was given micropulse laser combined with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT), total number of injections, macular leakage and complications were compared between two groups.RESULTS: After treatment, the BCVA of the two groups were improved, and the BCVA of the observation group was better than those in the control group at 1, 3, 6 and 12mo after treatment(all P

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of orthokeratology combined with 0.01% atropine solution in adolescents with myopia.METHODS: A total of 100 adolescent myopic patients(100 right eyes)who received treatment at the Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Hengshui from January 2019 to January 2022 were enrolled. All patients were divided into two groups based on the patient's preferences and randomized controlled principles: control group(n=50)and experimental group(n=50). Patients in the control group received orthokeratology alone, while those in the experimental group received orthokeratology in combination with 0.01% atropine solution. Treatment data for both groups were collected at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12mo after treatment. The observed indicators included refraction, corneal curvature, axial length(AL), central corneal thickness(CCT), pupil diameter(PD), lipid layer thickness(LLT), break-up Time(BUT), root-mean-square of higher-order aberration(RMSh), subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT), corneal endothelial cell density(CD), and hexagonal cell ratio(HEX). The adverse reactions experienced during follow-up period were also observed and recorded.RESULTS: After 12mo of treatment, the refraction, corneal curvature, and AL in the experimental group were -2.42±0.17D, 38.89±1.18D and 25.44±0.23mm, respectively, which were significantly better than the control group(-2.56±0.19D, 40.12±1.65D and 25.54±0.19 mm, all P0.05). The main adverse reactions of both groups during treatment period were photophobia, anaphylaxis, conjunctivitis and keratitis, but there was no significant difference between the two groups(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared to orthokeratology alone, the combination of orthokeratology and 0.01% atropine solution effectively prevents and improves the development of adolescent myopia without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.

This paper summarized the nursing measures for a patient with shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke treated with warm moxibustion scrapping therapy. Based on the nursing assessment and Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation, warm moxibustion scrapping therapy was carried out to relief the pain of suffered limbs and improve the motor function and patient’s self-care ability of daily living. (本文总结1例运用温灸刮痧技术治疗肩手综合征的护理经验。患者入院后即开展护理评估, 明确护理重点, 辨证分型, 运用温灸刮痧技术, 缓解患肢疼痛, 改善肢体运动功能, 提升患者生活自理能力。)

Titanium (Ti)/stainless steel weld joints with copper (Cu) transition layer thicknesses of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mm were studied through combined experimental and finite element methods. Then, the formation mechanism and distribution of the Ti–Cu compounds (intermetallic compounds, IMCs) were analyzed. The results showed that the thicknesses of the Ti–Cu IMCs decreased with increasing thickness of the Cu layer, and the tensile strength and elongation increased when welding was conducted under a ring oscillation laser with a spot diameter of 0.3 mm, an oscillating diameter of 0.1 mm, a welding speed of 220 cm/min, and a laser power of 2000 W. In the 0.2 and 0.4 mm Cu layers, Ti–Fe IMCs appeared in the welds, and the thicknesses of the Cu–Ti IMC layers were 60 and 30 μm, respectively. When the 0.6 mm Cu transition layer was used, a pure Cu layer appeared in the weld, which effectively inhibited the formation of Ti–Fe IMCs. The thickness of the Cu–Ti IMC layer was reduced owing to the faster cooling rate at the Cu–Ti interface. Furthermore, the Cu4Ti phase was distributed in a thin area of 15 μm, which improved the mechanical properties of the welded joint and allowed the tensile strength to reach 330 MPa. Compared to the welding joints with Cu layer thickness less than or equal to laser irradiation width, the joints with Cu layer thickness larger than laser irradiation width have a significantly improved tensile strength.

Low-temperature and weak-light conditions have major effects on the growth and flower quality of horticultural plants. A greenhouse pot experiment was performed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus versiforme) on the growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) under low-temperature and weak-light stress. The growth and biomass of snapdragon were higher following inoculation with F. mosseae and G. versiforme compared with control plants. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization and root activity were high in A. majus plants with AMF. AMF inoculation enhanced the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency of plants under low-temperature and weak-light conditions. Furthermore, the chlorophyll content, potential activity of photosystem II (PSII), effective photochemistry quantum efficiency of PSII, actual photochemical quantum efficiency of PSII, and photochemical quenching coefficient were higher in AMF-inoculated plants than in uninoculated plants. The application of AMF reduced the intercellular CO2 concentration and non-photochemical quenching coefficient. Thus, snapdragon plants treated with F. mosseae and G. versiforme are more resistant to low-temperature and weak-light stress than untreated plants.

In this paper, the droplet transfer behavior, geometric characteristics of weld bead and formability of CMT MIX + Synchropulse (CSP) wire + arc additively manufactured Inconel 718 alloy under high wire feeding speed are studied. The results show that a CSP cycle is composed of a CSP high-frequency pulse stage (CSP–HFP) and CSP-CMT stage, and the periods ratio is about 1.7:1. The high frequency and large average welding current of CSP-HFP increase the arc force, which further increases the droplet impact force on the molten pool. The molten pool is significantly deformed, resulting in the penetration depth of the CSP weld bead (1.8 mm) apparently higher than that of CMT (0.5 mm). The surface of the CMT-WAAM sample is more rough and irregular. The large penetration depth provides sufficient support for the molten pool, which promotes the overall stability of the molten pool. The increase of the droplet impact and arc forces enhance the convections in the molten pool, which finally suppresses the overflow phenomenon.

Sexual generation is an important generation in the life cycle of host-alternating aphids, and its population size determines the intensity of the peak in the next spring. Although male trapping techniques based on olfactory stimuli have been successfully established in the field, the biological basis of olfactory perception in males is unclear. In this study, we compared the morphology of antennae and the types, sizes, numbers, and distribution of sensilla between males and sexual females in the host-alternating aphid Semiaphis heraclei (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We found that flagellum length differentiation contributed to the majority of the sexual dimorphism of antennae. Most sensillum types or subtypes, including trichoid sensilla subtype I, campaniform sensilla, and primary rhinaria subtypes I and II, were enlarged in males. In addition, males bore more trichoid sensilla subtype I than sexual females. In particular, secondary rhinaria were present in males only and could not be detected in sexual females. These results revealed the structural basis of male olfactory perception. Our findings provide insight into the mechanism underlying chemical communication between sexual aphids and could thus be useful for pest control.

Brain tumors pose a significant threat to health, and their early detection and classification are crucial. Currently, the diagnosis heavily relies on pathologists conducting time-consuming morphological examinations of brain images, leading to subjective outcomes and potential misdiagnoses. In response to these challenges, this study proposes an improved Vision Transformer-based algorithm for human brain tumor classification. To overcome the limitations of small existing datasets, Homomorphic Filtering, Channels Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization, and Unsharp Masking techniques are applied to enrich dataset images, enhancing information and improving model generalization. Addressing the limitation of the Vision Transformer's self-attention structure in capturing input token sequences, a novel relative position encoding method is employed to enhance the overall predictive capabilities of the model. Furthermore, the introduction of residual structures in the Multi-Layer Perceptron tackles convergence degradation during training, leading to faster convergence and enhanced algorithm accuracy. Finally, this study comprehensively analyzes the network model's performance on validation sets in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 91.36% on an augmented open-source brain tumor dataset, surpassing the original VIT-B/16 accuracy by 5.54%. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in brain tumor classification, offering potential reference for clinical diagnoses by medical practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu-based component/aluminum substrate solder joint is achieved through laser soldering technology in this paper. The solder wettability on aluminum substrate and microstructure-properties of Cu-based component/aluminum substrate laser soldering joint are studied. The results show that the presence of the high melting point Al2O3 oxide film (∼18.45 nm thickness) isolates the contact between the molten Sn-based solder and the aluminum substrate, which results in the poor wetting properties of aluminum substrate. The surface modification of aluminum substrate can significantly improve wettability (110°→14°). Anisotropic Sn dendrites appear in the brazing area of laser soldering joints, and Ag3Sn is precipitated in the β-Sn matrix. The (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 IMC is formed near the Ni layer side. Due to the extremely fast cooling rate, the IMC thickness is less than 5 μm, and a continuous (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 region with a thickness of less than 1 μm appears at the interface near the Ni layer side. The average maximum linear load of the laser soldering joints is 95.2 N/mm. The laser soldering joint fracture occurs along the brittle (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 IMC formed at the Ni layer interface, and the fracture mode is mainly ductile fracture.

The natural abundance of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) in leaves can provide comprehensive information on the physiological and ecological processes of plants and has been widely used in ecological research. However, recent studies on leaf δ13C and δ15N have focused mainly on woody species, few studies have been conducted on herbs in different vegetation types, and their differences and driving factors are still unclear. In this study, we focused on the herbs in subalpine coniferous forests, alpine shrublands, and alpine meadows on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and investigated the differences in leaf δ13C and δ15N of herbs and the driving factors. The results showed that there were significant differences in leaf δ13C and δ15N values of herbs among different vegetation types, with the highest δ13C and δ15N values in alpine meadows, followed by alpine shrublands, and the lowest in subalpine coniferous forests. Using variation partitioning analysis, we revealed that differences in leaf δ13C and δ15N of herbs among various vegetation types were driven by both leaf functional traits and climate factors, with the contribution of leaf functional traits being relatively higher than that of climate factors. Hierarchical partitioning results indicated that mean annual temperature (MAT), chlorophyll content index, leaf nitrogen content per unit area (Narea), and leaf mass per area were the main drivers of leaf δ15N variations of herbs across different vegetation types, while the relative importance of Narea and MAT for variation in leaf δ15N of herbs was much higher than those other variables. There was a strong coupling relationship between leaf δ15N and δ15N as indicated by the result of the ordinary least squares regression. Our findings could provide new insights into under-standing the key drivers of leaf δ15N and δ15N variations in herbs across different vegetation types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By introducing two cholesteric liquid crystal monomers with different chain lengths (M1 and M2) and brominated naphthalimide fluorescent monomer (M3) into polymethyl hydrosiloxane, a series of fluorescent cholesteric liquid crystal polymers (FL-LCP) was prepared, which not only have excellent performance of liquid crystal and fluorescence but also own performance of selective reflection. Their chemical structures were confirmed to be in accord with molecular design by FT-IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and found them with excellent thermal stability, mesomorphic behaviour and thermal performance by TGA, POM, DSC and XRD, and confirmed all the polymers belonged to the cholesteric phase. The FL-CLCPs emitted different intensity fluorescence under UV light, and conclusions about the relationship between fluorescence and temperature had been drawn. A comparative study was conducted on the fluorescence properties of powders and films of monomers and polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]