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Abstract In drug development, the substitution of benzene rings in aniline-based drug candidates with saturated bridged bicyclic ring systems often enhances pharmacokinetic properties while preserving biological activity. However, current efforts predominantly focuses on bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines, accessing analogs capable of mimicking ortho- and meta-substituted anilines remains challenging due to the lack of a versatile and modular synthetic methods. Herein, we present a modular approach to access a diverse array of saturated bioisosteres of anilines via photoelectrochemical-induced decarboxylative C(sp3)–N Coupling. The success of this reaction hinges on the merging the cooperative ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) with copper-catalyzed amination. Notably, this net-oxidative C(sp3)–N forming reaction operates under mild electrode potentials and proceeds through hydrogen evolution, eliminating the need for external chemical oxidants. Our research enables the facile decarboxylative amination of a set of sp3-rich small-ring cage carboxylic acids, thus offering a versatile bioisosteric replacement for ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted anilines and di(hetero)aryl amines.

Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) are a kind of porous materials with good crystalline and periodic structure formed by covalent bonding of monomers composed of C, H, O and other light elements. This kind of material shows great application potential in separation, energy storage, catalysis and other aspects because of its low density, high thermal stability and good chemical stability. In recent years, COFs materials have developed a variety of bonding bonds with different structures and characteristics from the initial boron-oxygen bonding bonds, and the most widely studied and in-depth class of COFs materials in these fields are composed of imine-like bonds. Imine-like bond is a class of imine bond derived from Schiff base reaction and its similar structure, which not only contains the advantages of imine bond, but also solves some potential application disadvantages. In recent years, the rapid development of nuclear energy has inevitably brought about the shortage of nuclear resources and environmental radioactive pollution, and how to extract and separate radionuclides has become a major problem to be solved urgently. Among the porous materials that have been developed and explored, COFs has its unique advantages compared with other inorganic porous materials, which can effectively avoid many application difficulties in the process of radionuclide extraction. As the most popular research object in the field of this material, imine-like COFs have been applied in the separation of actinides, especially in the adsorption separation of uranyl ions, which is of great significance to the nuclear fuel cycle and the prevention and control of nuclear environmental pollution. In this paper, the recent progress in the separation and detection of actinide elements by imine-like COFs is summarized, and the characteristics of imine-like bonds with different structures are described in detail. The adsorption mechanism and adsorption effect of COFs materials of each structure are summarized and compared in tables, showing how the design ideas affect the adsorption results, which is instructive for the selection of application scenarios to a certain extent. In addition, some new directions and thoughts on the material are proposed in this paper, which are reliable and forward-looking for improving the potential of imine-like COFs in practical applications. At the same time, the major challenges facing the material are summarized. COFs materials still show unfathomable development potential after decades of in-depth research, and fully demonstrate the urgent development space of this kind of materials in the separation of metal ions. Finally, the future development trend of this material is prospected.

As the mining depth increases, the effect of stress on the gas adsorption of coal gradually becomes significant. There are significant differences in the pore volume, specific surface area, and adsorption characteristics of coal before and after stress. In this study, the porosity variation characteristics of coal were studied using axial and confining pressure loading processes, and volumetric stress was introduced to characterize the pore variation law of coal under triaxial stress. By calculating the stress values at different burial depths, gas isothermal adsorption experiments were conducted on coal under different stress effects. The Langmuir equation, D-A equation, and Freundlich empirical formula were used to fit the adsorption experimental results. Combining experiments and models to predict the adsorbed and free gas content under stress, we described the gas adsorption law of coal under different stress effects.

ObjectivesThis study aims to develop a nomogram to predict high-volume (> 5) lymph node metastases (HVLNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma concomitant with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis by combining ultrasound with clinicopathologic data.Materials and methodsThe study reviewed 187 patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) concomitant with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis from the First People’s Hospital of Kunshan between March 2018 and December 2022. These patients underwent preoperative ultrasound and postoperative examinations. They were divided into two groups based on the size of their lymph nodes (LNs). A predictive model was developed using LASSO regression and multifactor logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to validate the predictive model.ResultsA total of 187 patients were randomized into 132 participants for training and 55 participants for external validation. Four predictors including tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, histological grade and vascularity, were selected from 13 variables based on LASSO regression analysis. In the training set, the model built from the above four predictor has a satisfactory predictive power, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.914, and validation set with the ROC curve of 0.889, which indicated that the nomogram can be used effectively in clinical settings.ConclusionIn summary, the nomogram constructed by tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, histological grade and vascularity, is useful for predicting the risk of HVLNMs in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, which is expected to provide the basis for adequate and accurate management before the primary surgery.

BackgroundChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that is responsible for Chikungunya fever, which is characterized by fever, rash, and debilitating polyarthralgia. Since its re-emergence in 2004, CHIKV has continued to spread to new regions and become a severe health threat to global public. Development of safe and single dose vaccines that provide durable protection is desirable to control the spread of virus. The recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors represent promising vaccine platform to provide prolonged protection with a single-dose immunization. In this study, we developed a rAAV capsid serotype 1 vector based CHIKV vaccine and evaluated its protection effect against CHIKV challenge.MethodologyThe recombinant AAV1 encoding the full-length structural proteins of CHIKV (named as rAAV1-CHIKV-SP) was generated in vitro by transfecting the plasmids of AAV helper-free system into HEK-293T cells. The safety and immunogenicity of rAAV1-CHIKV-SP were tested in 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice. The antibody responses of the mice receiving prime-boost or single-dose immunization of the vaccine were determined by ELISA and plaque reduction neutralizing test. The immunized mice were challenged with CHIKV to evaluate the protection effect of the vaccine.ConclusionsThe rAAV1-CHIKV-SP showed remarkable safety and immunogenicity in C57BL/6 mice. A single dose intramuscular injection of rAAV1-CHIKV-SP elicited high level and long-lasting antibody responses, and conferred complete protection against a heterologous CHIKV strain challenge. These results suggest rAAV1-CHIKV-SP represents a promising vaccine candidate against different CHIKV clades with a simplified immunization strategy.

The fumigant has been approved by the World Health Organization for use in grain storage, targeting the eradication of pests in areas where grain is stored or transported to reduce insect and mold activities, thereby minimizing storage losses. Phosphine is featured by its economic viability, application readibility, rapid diffusion, and lack of residue, making it advantageous for comprehensive pest control. It demonstrates high efficacy against various harmful organisms in storage, making it one of major fumigants worldwide. However, the elimination of some fumigants has increased dependence on phosphine. The lack of standardized guidance and inappropriate use of phosphine have led to severe resistance among stored grain pests, posing a threat to the effectiveness and sustainability of phosphine treatment. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current status and trends of phosphine resistance in stored grain pests on the global. It analyzes the genetic basis of resistance, focusing on respiratory and cuticle-related gene expression and detoxification enzyme mechanisms. A comparison of four resistance detection methods—FAO, discriminating does bioassay, rapid knockdown, and molecular identification—is rendered. The study explores key strategies for resistance management, including optimization of fumigation protocols, laboratory and field validations, and application recommendations. The aim is to offer reference information for the scientific and rational use of phosphine and the development of alternative pest control methods in the future.