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3. Prevalence and clinical risk prediction of hypertriglyceridaemia in a community cohort.

Author

Tan, Hong L. E., Hure, Alexis, Peel, Roseanne, Hancock, Stephen, and Attia, John

Subjects
*OBESITY complications, *TRIGLYCERIDES, *FASTING, *SEDENTARY lifestyles, *HYPOTHYROIDISM, *BLOOD sugar, *REGRESSION analysis, *HYPERLIPIDEMIA, *RISK assessment, *SEX distribution, *INDEPENDENT living, *DISEASE prevalence, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *STATISTICAL models, *SMOKING, *LONGITUDINAL method, *DISEASE risk factors, *DISEASE complications
Abstract

Background: Hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG; defined as ≥1.7 mmol/L) has a prevalence of 18–33% with significant inter‐regional variation. Despite meta‐analysis demonstrating its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, only 40% of HTG is identified in the community resulting in underutilisation of lipid‐lowering therapy and specialist clinics. An increase in awareness of its clinical risk factors is needed to improve the identification and management of HTG to prevent cardiovascular risk. Aims: To evaluate the prevalence, distribution and clinical predictors of HTG ≥1.7 mmol/L in a representative community group. Methods: Data were obtained from the Hunter Community Study (HCS), a longitudinal cohort of community‐dwelling men and women aged 55−85 years residing in Newcastle, New South Wales. Fasting triglycerides were identified based on the availability of fasting blood glucose level and categorised according to normal (<1.7 mmol/L), mild (1.7 to <2.3 mmol/L) and moderate–severe HTG (≥2.3 mmol/L). Clinical predictors of HTG were assessed using linear and logistic regression models. Results: Of 2536 triglyceride levels, 2216 (87%) were in a fasting state and included in the study. Three hundred and two (13.6%) participants had mild HTG and 221 (10.0%) participants had moderate–severe HTG. Significant clinical predictors of HTG included male gender, increasing body mass index, current smoking, decreasing daily step counts, increasing fasting glucose and higher thyroid‐stimulating hormone. Alcohol intake and blood pressure were not significant in either adjusted regression model. Conclusions: HTG ≥1.7 mmol/L is common, affecting 24% of the HCS. Clinical predictors identify modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular risk management. Clinician education to promote awareness is required to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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4. Virtual Histology of Cortical Thickness and Shared Neurobiology in 6 Psychiatric Disorders

Author

Committee, Writing, Disorder, Autism Spectrum, French, Leon, Grevet, Eugenio H, Groenewold, Nynke A, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Haar, Shlomi, Haarman, Bartholomeus C M, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Haavik, Jan, Hahn, Tim, Hajek, Tomas, Harrison, Benjamin J, Harrison, Neil A, Hartman, Catharina A, Whalley, Heather C, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, Hibar, Derrek P, Hilland, Eva, Pozzi, Elena, Hirano, Yoshiyuki, Ho, Tiffany C, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hoekstra, Liesbeth, Hohmann, Sarah, Hong, L. E., Höschl, Cyril, Høvik, Marie F, Howells, Fleur M, Nenadic, Igor, Abe, Yoshinari, Jalbrzikowski, Maria, James, Anthony C, Janssen, Joost, Jaspers-Fayer, Fern, Xu, Jian, Jonassen, Rune, Karkashadze, Georgii, King, Joseph A, Kircher, Tilo, Kirschner, Matthias, Abé, Christoph, Koch, Kathrin, Kochunov, Peter, Kohls, Gregor, Konrad, Kerstin, Krämer, Bernd, Krug, Axel, Kuntsi, Jonna, Kwon, Jun Soo, Landén, Mikael, Landrø, Nils I, Anticevic, Alan, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S, Leehr, Elisabeth J, Lera-Miguel, Sara, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lochner, Christine, Louza, Mario R, Luna, Beatriz, Lundervold, Astri J, MacMaster, Frank P, Alda, Martin, Maglanoc, Luigi A, Malpas, Charles B, Portella, Maria J, Marsh, Rachel, Martyn, Fiona M, Mataix-Cols, David, Mathalon, Daniel H, McCarthy, Hazel, McDonald, Colm, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Aleman, Andre, Meinert, Susanne, Menchón, José M, Minuzzi, Luciano, Mitchell, Philip B, Moreno, Carmen, Morgado, Pedro, Muratori, Filippo, Murphy, Clodagh M, Murphy, Declan, Mwangi, Benson, Alloza, Clara, Nabulsi, Leila, Nakagawa, Akiko, Nakamae, Takashi, Namazova, Leyla, Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan, Jahanshad, Neda, Nguyen, Danai D, Nicolau, Rosa, O'Gorman Tuura, Ruth L, O'Hearn, Kirsten, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Opel, Nils, Ophoff, Roel A, Oranje, Bob, García de la Foz, Victor Ortiz, Overs, Bronwyn J, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pantelis, Christos, Parellada, Mara, Pauli, Paul, Disorder, Bipolar, Ameis, Stephanie H, Picó-Pérez, Maria, Picon, Felipe A, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Plessen, Kerstin J, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Preda, Adrian, Puig, Olga, Quidé, Yann, Radua, Joaquim, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Ramos-Quiroga, J Antoni, Rasser, Paul E, Rauer, Lisa, Reddy, Janardhan, Redlich, Ronny, Reif, Andreas, Reneman, Liesbeth, Repple, Jonathan, Retico, Alessandra, Richarte, Vanesa, McIntosh, Andrew A, Richter, Anja, Rosa, Pedro G P, Rubia, Katya K, Hashimoto, Ryota, Sacchet, Matthew D, Salvador, Raymond, Santonja, Javier, Sarink, Kelvin, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Arango, Celso, Sawa, Akira, Schall, Ulrich, Schofield, Peter R, Schrantee, Anouk, Seitz, Jochen, Serpa, Mauricio H, Setién-Suero, Esther, Shaw, Philip, Shook, Devon, Silk, Tim J, Arnold, Paul D, Sim, Kang, Simon, Schmitt, Simpson, Helen Blair, Singh, Aditya, Skoch, Antonin, Skokauskas, Norbert, Soares, Jair C, Soreni, Noam, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Asherson, Philip, Spaniel, Filip, Lawrie, Stephen M, Stern, Emily R, Stewart, S Evelyn, Takayanagi, Yoichiro, Temmingh, Henk S, Tolin, David F, Tomecek, David, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Tosetti, Michela, Assogna, Francesca, Uhlmann, Anne, van Amelsvoort, Therese, van der Wee, Nic J A, van der Werff, Steven J A, van Haren, Neeltje E M, van Wingen, Guido A, Vance, Alasdair, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Vecchio, Daniela, Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, Auzias, Guillaume, Vieta, Eduard, Vilarroya, Oscar, Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda, Voineskos, Aristotle N, Völzke, Henry, von Polier, Georg G, Walton, Esther, Weickert, Thomas W, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weideman, Andrea S, Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H, Wu, Mon-Ju, Yang, T. T., Yang, Sikun, Yoncheva, Yuliya, Yun, Je-Yeon, Cheng, Yuqi, Zanetti, Marcus V, Ziegler, Georg C, Bakker, Geor, Franke, Barbara, Hoogman, Martine, Buitelaar, Jan K, van Rooij, Daan, Andreassen, Ole A, Ching, Christopher R K, Veltman, Dick J, Schmaal, Lianne, Stein, Dan J, van den Heuvel, Odile A, Disorder, Major Depressive, Banaj, Nerisa, Turner, Jessica A, van Erp, Theo G M, Pausova, Zdenka, Thompson, Paul M, Paus, Tomáš, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bandeira, Cibele E, Baranov, Alexandr, Bargalló, Núria, Bau, Claiton H D, Baumeister, Sarah, Baune, Bernhard T, Bellgrove, Mark A, Benedetti, Francesco, Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive, Bertolino, Alessandro, Boedhoe, Premika S W, Boks, Marco, Bollettini, Irene, Del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Borgers, Tiana, Borgwardt, Stefan, Brandeis, Daniel, Brennan, Brian P, Bruggemann, Jason M, Groups, Schizophrenia ENIGMA Working, Bülow, Robin, Busatto, Geraldo F, Calderoni, Sara, Calhoun, Vince D, Calvo, Rosa, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Carr, Vaughan J, Cascella, Nicola, Cercignani, Mara, Patel, Yash, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Christakou, Anastasia, Coghill, David, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Cubillo, Ana I, Cullen, Kathryn R, Cupertino, Renata B, Daly, Eileen, Dannlowski, Udo, Parker, Nadine, Davey, Christopher G, Denys, Damiaan, Deruelle, Christine, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Dickie, Erin W, Dima, Danai, Dohm, Katharina, Ehrlich, Stefan, Ely, Benjamin A, Erwin-Grabner, Tracy, Shin, Jean, Ethofer, Thomas, Fair, Damien A, Fallgatter, Andreas, Faraone, Stephen V, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, Fedor, Jennifer M, Fitzgerald, Kate D, Ford, Judith M, Frodl, Thomas, Fu, Cynthia H Y, Howard, Derek, Fullerton, Janice M, Gabel, Matt C, Glahn, David C, Roberts, Gloria, Gogberashvili, Tinatin, Goikolea, Jose M, Gotlib, Ian H, Goya-Maldonado, Roberto, Grabe, Hans, Green, Melissa J, Patel, Y., Parker, N., Shin, J., Howard, D., French, L., Thomopoulos, S. I., Pozzi, E., Abe, Y., Abe, C., Anticevic, A., Alda, M., Aleman, A., Alloza, C., Alonso-Lana, S., Ameis, S. H., Anagnostou, E., Mcintosh, A. A., Arango, C., Arnold, P. D., Asherson, P., Assogna, F., Auzias, G., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Bakker, G., Banaj, N., Banaschewski, T., Bandeira, C. E., Baranov, A., Bargallo, N., Bau, C. H. D., Baumeister, S., Baune, B. T., Bellgrove, M. A., Benedetti, F., Bertolino, A., Boedhoe, P. S. W., Boks, M., Bollettini, I., Del Mar Bonnin, C., Borgers, T., Borgwardt, S., Brandeis, D., Brennan, B. P., Bruggemann, J. M., Bulow, R., Busatto, G. F., Calderoni, S., Calhoun, V. D., Calvo, R., Canales-Rodriguez, E. J., Cannon, D. M., Carr, V. J., Cascella, N., Cercignani, M., Chaim-Avancini, T. M., Christakou, A., Coghill, D., Conzelmann, A., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cubillo, A. I., Cullen, K. R., Cupertino, R. B., Daly, E., Dannlowski, U., Davey, C. G., Denys, D., Deruelle, C., Di Giorgio, A., Dickie, E. W., Dima, D., Dohm, K., Ehrlich, S., Ely, B. A., Erwin-Grabner, T., Ethofer, T., Fair, D. A., Fallgatter, A. J., Faraone, S. V., Fatjo-Vilas, M., Fedor, J. M., Fitzgerald, K. D., Ford, J. M., Frodl, T., Fu, C. H. Y., Fullerton, J. M., Gabel, M. C., Glahn, D. C., Roberts, G., Gogberashvili, T., Goikolea, J. M., Gotlib, I. H., Goya-Maldonado, R., Grabe, H. J., Green, M. J., Grevet, E. H., Groenewold, N. A., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Gruner, P., Guerrero-Pedraza, A., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Haar, S., Haarman, B. C. M., Haavik, J., Hahn, T., Hajek, T., Harrison, B. J., Harrison, N. A., Hartman, C. A., Whalley, H. C., Heslenfeld, D. J., Hibar, D. P., Hilland, E., Hirano, Y., Ho, T. C., Hoekstra, P. J., Hoekstra, L., Hohmann, S., Hong, L. E., Hoschl, C., Hovik, M. F., Howells, F. M., Nenadic, I., Jalbrzikowski, M., James, A. C., Janssen, J., Jaspers-Fayer, F., Xu, J., Jonassen, R., Karkashadze, G., King, J. A., Kircher, T., Kirschner, M., Koch, K., Kochunov, P., Kohls, G., Konrad, K., Kramer, B., Krug, A., Kuntsi, J., Kwon, J. S., Landen, M., Landro, N. I., Lazaro, L., Lebedeva, I. S., Leehr, E. J., Lera-Miguel, S., Lesch, K. -P., Lochner, C., Louza, M. R., Luna, B., Lundervold, A. J., Macmaster, F. P., Maglanoc, L. A., Malpas, C. B., Portella, M. J., Marsh, R., Martyn, F. M., Mataix-Cols, D., Mathalon, D. H., Mccarthy, H., Mcdonald, C., Mcphilemy, G., Meinert, S., Menchon, J. M., Minuzzi, L., Mitchell, P. B., Moreno, C., Morgado, P., Muratori, F., Murphy, C. M., Murphy, D., Mwangi, B., Nabulsi, L., Nakagawa, A., Nakamae, T., Namazova, L., Narayanaswamy, J., Jahanshad, N., Nguyen, D. D., Nicolau, R., O'Gorman Tuura, R. L., O'Hearn, K., Oosterlaan, J., Opel, N., Ophoff, R. A., Oranje, B., Garcia De La Foz, V. O., Overs, B. J., Paloyelis, Y., Pantelis, C., Parellada, M., Pauli, P., Pico-Perez, M., Picon, F. A., Piras, F., Plessen, K. J., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Preda, A., Puig, O., Quide, Y., Radua, J., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Rasser, P. E., Rauer, L., Reddy, J., Redlich, R., Reif, A., Reneman, L., Repple, J., Retico, A., Richarte, V., Richter, A., Rosa, P. G. P., Rubia, K. K., Hashimoto, R., Sacchet, M. D., Salvador, R., Santonja, J., Sarink, K., Sarro, S., Satterthwaite, T. D., Sawa, A., Schall, U., Schofield, P. R., Schrantee, A., Seitz, J., Serpa, M. H., Setien-Suero, E., Shaw, P., Shook, D., Silk, T. J., Sim, K., Simon, S., Simpson, H. B., Singh, A., Skoch, A., Skokauskas, N., Soares, J. C., Soreni, N., Soriano-Mas, C., Spalletta, G., Spaniel, F., Lawrie, S. M., Stern, E. R., Stewart, S. E., Takayanagi, Y., Temmingh, H. S., Tolin, D. F., Tomecek, D., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Tosetti, M., Uhlmann, A., Van Amelsvoort, T., Van Der Wee, N. J. A., Van Der Werff, S. J. A., Van Haren, N. E. M., Van Wingen, G. A., Vance, A., Vazquez-Bourgon, J., Vecchio, D., Venkatasubramanian, G., Vieta, E., Vilarroya, O., Vives-Gilabert, Y., Voineskos, A. N., Volzke, H., Von Polier, G. G., Walton, E., Weickert, T. W., Weickert, C. S., Weideman, A. S., Wittfeld, K., Wolf, D. H., Wu, M. -J., Yang, T. T., Yang, K., Yoncheva, Y., Yun, J. -Y., Cheng, Y., Zanetti, M. V., Ziegler, G. C., Franke, B., Hoogman, M., Buitelaar, J. K., Van Rooij, D., Andreassen, O. A., Ching, C. R. K., Veltman, D. J., Schmaal, L., Stein, D. J., Van Den Heuvel, O. A., Turner, J. A., Van Erp, T. G. M., Pausova, Z., Thompson, P. M., Paus, T., Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pediatric surgery, Radiology and nuclear medicine, Anatomy and neurosciences, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Brain Imaging, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Psychiatrie (9), Adult Psychiatry, ANS - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, General Paediatrics, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, APH - Personalized Medicine, ANS - Brain Imaging, ANS - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Mental Health, University of Zurich, Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Clinical Neuropsychology, Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, IBBA, and Cognitive Psychology

Subjects
Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gene Expression, cytology [Cerebral Cortex], Cohort Studies, Fetal Development, physiology [Gene Expression], 2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health, 0302 clinical medicine, diagnostic imaging [Cerebral Cortex], SCHIZOPHRENIA, BRAIN, Child, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Original Investigation, Aged, 80 and over, Cerebral Cortex, 0303 health sciences, pathology [Depressive Disorder, Major], Principal Component Analysis, Adolescent psychiatry, 10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Middle Aged, diagnostic imaging [Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder], REGIONS, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, FALSE DISCOVERY RATE, Psychiatry and Mental health, Autism spectrum disorder, Schizophrenia, growth & development [Cerebral Cortex], Child, Preschool, Major depressive disorder, diagnostic imaging [Schizophrenia], Esquizofrènia, Female, Psiquiatria infantil, Psiquiatria de l'adolescència, diagnostic imaging [Autism Spectrum Disorder], Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Human Development, 610 Medicine & health, diagnostic imaging [Bipolar Disorder], pathology [Autism Spectrum Disorder], diagnostic imaging [Depressive Disorder, Major], 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Neuroimaging, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, CEREBRAL-CORTEX, Child psychiatry, medicine, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Humans, Bipolar disorder, ddc:610, Psychiatry, pathology [Schizophrenia], 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Depressive Disorder, Major, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], business.industry, DENDRITE, Computational Biology, Correction, pathology [Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity], physiology [Fetal Development], medicine.disease, PATHOLOGY, pathology [Bipolar Disorder], pathology [Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder], 10036 Medical Clinic, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, 10054 Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Case-Control Studies, DENSITY, ORIGINS, HIPPOCAMPUS, diagnostic imaging [Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity], pathology [Cerebral Cortex], Autisme, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, physiology [Human Development]
Abstract

[Importance] Large-scale neuroimaging studies have revealed group differences in cortical thickness across many psychiatric disorders. The underlying neurobiology behind these differences is not well understood., [Objective] To determine neurobiologic correlates of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls in 6 disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia., [Design, Setting, and Participants] Profiles of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Similarity between interregional profiles of cell-specific gene expression and those in the group differences in cortical thickness were investigated in each disorder. Next, principal component analysis was used to reveal a shared profile of group difference in thickness across the disorders. Analysis for gene coexpression, clustering, and enrichment for genes associated with these disorders were conducted. Data analysis was conducted between June and December 2019. The analysis included 145 cohorts across 6 psychiatric disorders drawn from the ENIGMA consortium. The numbers of cases and controls in each of the 6 disorders were as follows: ADHD: 1814 and 1602; ASD: 1748 and 1770; BD: 1547 and 3405; MDD: 2658 and 3572; OCD: 2266 and 2007; and schizophrenia: 2688 and 3244., [Main Outcomes and Measures] Interregional profiles of group difference in cortical thickness between cases and controls., [Results] A total of 12 721 cases and 15 600 controls, ranging from ages 2 to 89 years, were included in this study. Interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness for each of the 6 psychiatric disorders were associated with profiles of gene expression specific to pyramidal (CA1) cells, astrocytes (except for BD), and microglia (except for OCD); collectively, gene-expression profiles of the 3 cell types explain between 25% and 54% of variance in interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness. Principal component analysis revealed a shared profile of difference in cortical thickness across the 6 disorders (48% variance explained); interregional profile of this principal component 1 was associated with that of the pyramidal-cell gene expression (explaining 56% of interregional variation). Coexpression analyses of these genes revealed 2 clusters: (1) a prenatal cluster enriched with genes involved in neurodevelopmental (axon guidance) processes and (2) a postnatal cluster enriched with genes involved in synaptic activity and plasticity-related processes. These clusters were enriched with genes associated with all 6 psychiatric disorders., [Conclusions and Relevance] In this study, shared neurobiologic processes were associated with differences in cortical thickness across multiple psychiatric disorders. These processes implicate a common role of prenatal development and postnatal functioning of the cerebral cortex in these disorders.

Published
2021

9. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals : Results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

Author

Kelly, S., Jahanshad, N., Zalesky, A., Kochunov, P., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Andreassen, O. A., Arango, C., Banaj, N., Bouix, S., Bousman, C. A., Brouwer, R. M., Bruggemann, J., Bustillo, J., Cahn, W., Calhoun, V., Cannon, D., Carr, V., Catts, S., Chen, J., Chen, J. X., Chen, X., Chiapponi, C., Cho, Kl K., Ciullo, V., Corvin, A. S., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cropley, V., De Rossi, P., Diaz-Caneja, C. M., Dickie, E. W., Ehrlich, S., Fan, F. M., Faskowitz, J., Fatouros-Bergman, H., Flyckt, L., Ford, J. M., Fouche, J. P., Fukunaga, M., Gill, M., Glahn, D. C., Gollub, R., Goudzwaard, E. D., Guo, H., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Gurholt, T. P., Hashimoto, R., Hatton, S. N., Henskens, F. A., Hibar, D. P., Hickie, I. B., Hong, L. E., Horacek, J., Howells, F. M., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., Hyde, C. L., Isaev, D., Jablensky, A., Jansen, P. R., Janssen, J., Jönsson, E. G., Jung, L. A., Kahn, R. S., Kikinis, Z., Liu, K., Klauser, P., Knöchel, C., Kubicki, M., Lagopoulos, J., Langen, C., Lawrie, S., Lenroot, R. K., Lim, K. O., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., Lyall, A., Magnotta, V., Mandl, R. C.W., Mathalon, D. H., McCarley, R. W., McCarthy-Jones, S., McDonald, C., McEwen, S., McIntosh, A., Melicher, T., Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Michie, P. T., Mowry, B., Mueller, B. A., Newell, D. T., O'Donnell, P., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Oestreich, L., Paciga, S. A., Pantelis, C., Pasternak, O., Pearlson, G., Pellicano, G. R., Pereira, A., Pineda Zapata, J., Piras, F., Potkin, S. G., Preda, A., Rasser, P. E., Roalf, D. R., Roiz, R., Roos, A., Rotenberg, D., Satterthwaite, T. D., Savadjiev, P., Schall, U., Scott, R. J., Seal, M. L., Seidman, L. J., Shannon Weickert, C., Whelan, C. D., Shenton, M. E., Kwon, J. S., Spalletta, G., Spaniel, F., Sprooten, E., Stäblein, M., Stein, D. J., Sundram, S., Tan, Y., Tan, S., Tang, S., Temmingh, H. S., Westlye, L. T., Tønnesen, S., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Doan, N. T., Vaidya, J., Van Haren, N. E.M., Vargas, C. D., Vecchio, D., Velakoulis, D., Voineskos, A., Voyvodic, J. Q., Wang, Z., Wan, P., Wei, D., Weickert, T. W., Whalley, H., White, T., Whitford, T. J., Wojcik, J. D., Xiang, H., Xie, Z., Yamamori, H., Yang, F., Yao, N., Zhang, G., Zhao, J., Van Erp, T. G.M., Turner, J., Thompson, P. M., Donohoe, G., Kelly, S., Jahanshad, N., Zalesky, A., Kochunov, P., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Andreassen, O. A., Arango, C., Banaj, N., Bouix, S., Bousman, C. A., Brouwer, R. M., Bruggemann, J., Bustillo, J., Cahn, W., Calhoun, V., Cannon, D., Carr, V., Catts, S., Chen, J., Chen, J. X., Chen, X., Chiapponi, C., Cho, Kl K., Ciullo, V., Corvin, A. S., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cropley, V., De Rossi, P., Diaz-Caneja, C. M., Dickie, E. W., Ehrlich, S., Fan, F. M., Faskowitz, J., Fatouros-Bergman, H., Flyckt, L., Ford, J. M., Fouche, J. P., Fukunaga, M., Gill, M., Glahn, D. C., Gollub, R., Goudzwaard, E. D., Guo, H., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Gurholt, T. P., Hashimoto, R., Hatton, S. N., Henskens, F. A., Hibar, D. P., Hickie, I. B., Hong, L. E., Horacek, J., Howells, F. M., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., Hyde, C. L., Isaev, D., Jablensky, A., Jansen, P. R., Janssen, J., Jönsson, E. G., Jung, L. A., Kahn, R. S., Kikinis, Z., Liu, K., Klauser, P., Knöchel, C., Kubicki, M., Lagopoulos, J., Langen, C., Lawrie, S., Lenroot, R. K., Lim, K. O., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., Lyall, A., Magnotta, V., Mandl, R. C.W., Mathalon, D. H., McCarley, R. W., McCarthy-Jones, S., McDonald, C., McEwen, S., McIntosh, A., Melicher, T., Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Michie, P. T., Mowry, B., Mueller, B. A., Newell, D. T., O'Donnell, P., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Oestreich, L., Paciga, S. A., Pantelis, C., Pasternak, O., Pearlson, G., Pellicano, G. R., Pereira, A., Pineda Zapata, J., Piras, F., Potkin, S. G., Preda, A., Rasser, P. E., Roalf, D. R., Roiz, R., Roos, A., Rotenberg, D., Satterthwaite, T. D., Savadjiev, P., Schall, U., Scott, R. J., Seal, M. L., Seidman, L. J., Shannon Weickert, C., Whelan, C. D., Shenton, M. E., Kwon, J. S., Spalletta, G., Spaniel, F., Sprooten, E., Stäblein, M., Stein, D. J., Sundram, S., Tan, Y., Tan, S., Tang, S., Temmingh, H. S., Westlye, L. T., Tønnesen, S., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Doan, N. T., Vaidya, J., Van Haren, N. E.M., Vargas, C. D., Vecchio, D., Velakoulis, D., Voineskos, A., Voyvodic, J. Q., Wang, Z., Wan, P., Wei, D., Weickert, T. W., Whalley, H., White, T., Whitford, T. J., Wojcik, J. D., Xiang, H., Xie, Z., Yamamori, H., Yang, F., Yao, N., Zhang, G., Zhao, J., Van Erp, T. G.M., Turner, J., Thompson, P. M., and Donohoe, G.

Published
2018

10. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: Results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

Author

Onderzoeksgroep 1, Brain, Affectieve & Psychotische Med., Research Office, Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Onderzoeksgroep 11, Onderzoeksgroep 8, Onderzoeksgroep 4, Kelly, S., Jahanshad, N., Zalesky, A., Kochunov, P., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Andreassen, O. A., Arango, C., Banaj, N., Bouix, S., Bousman, C. A., Brouwer, R. M., Bruggemann, J., Bustillo, J., Cahn, W., Calhoun, V., Cannon, D., Carr, V., Catts, S., Chen, J., Chen, J. X., Chen, X., Chiapponi, C., Cho, Kl K., Ciullo, V., Corvin, A. S., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cropley, V., De Rossi, P., Diaz-Caneja, C. M., Dickie, E. W., Ehrlich, S., Fan, F. M., Faskowitz, J., Fatouros-Bergman, H., Flyckt, L., Ford, J. M., Fouche, J. P., Fukunaga, M., Gill, M., Glahn, D. C., Gollub, R., Goudzwaard, E. D., Guo, H., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Gurholt, T. P., Hashimoto, R., Hatton, S. N., Henskens, F. A., Hibar, D. P., Hickie, I. B., Hong, L. E., Horacek, J., Howells, F. M., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., Hyde, C. L., Isaev, D., Jablensky, A., Jansen, P. R., Janssen, J., Jönsson, E. G., Jung, L. A., Kahn, R. S., Kikinis, Z., Liu, K., Klauser, P., Knöchel, C., Kubicki, M., Lagopoulos, J., Langen, C., Lawrie, S., Lenroot, R. K., Lim, K. O., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., Lyall, A., Magnotta, V., Mandl, R. C.W., Mathalon, D. H., McCarley, R. W., McCarthy-Jones, S., McDonald, C., McEwen, S., McIntosh, A., Melicher, T., Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Michie, P. T., Mowry, B., Mueller, B. A., Newell, D. T., O'Donnell, P., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Oestreich, L., Paciga, S. A., Pantelis, C., Pasternak, O., Pearlson, G., Pellicano, G. R., Pereira, A., Pineda Zapata, J., Piras, F., Potkin, S. G., Preda, A., Rasser, P. E., Roalf, D. R., Roiz, R., Roos, A., Rotenberg, D., Satterthwaite, T. D., Savadjiev, P., Schall, U., Scott, R. J., Seal, M. L., Seidman, L. J., Shannon Weickert, C., Whelan, C. D., Shenton, M. E., Kwon, J. S., Spalletta, G., Spaniel, F., Sprooten, E., Stäblein, M., Stein, D. J., Sundram, S., Tan, Y., Tan, S., Tang, S., Temmingh, H. S., Westlye, L. T., Tønnesen, S., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Doan, N. T., Vaidya, J., Van Haren, N. E.M., Vargas, C. D., Vecchio, D., Velakoulis, D., Voineskos, A., Voyvodic, J. Q., Wang, Z., Wan, P., Wei, D., Weickert, T. W., Whalley, H., White, T., Whitford, T. J., Wojcik, J. D., Xiang, H., Xie, Z., Yamamori, H., Yang, F., Yao, N., Zhang, G., Zhao, J., Van Erp, T. G.M., Turner, J., Thompson, P. M., Donohoe, G., Onderzoeksgroep 1, Brain, Affectieve & Psychotische Med., Research Office, Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Onderzoeksgroep 11, Onderzoeksgroep 8, Onderzoeksgroep 4, Kelly, S., Jahanshad, N., Zalesky, A., Kochunov, P., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Andreassen, O. A., Arango, C., Banaj, N., Bouix, S., Bousman, C. A., Brouwer, R. M., Bruggemann, J., Bustillo, J., Cahn, W., Calhoun, V., Cannon, D., Carr, V., Catts, S., Chen, J., Chen, J. X., Chen, X., Chiapponi, C., Cho, Kl K., Ciullo, V., Corvin, A. S., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cropley, V., De Rossi, P., Diaz-Caneja, C. M., Dickie, E. W., Ehrlich, S., Fan, F. M., Faskowitz, J., Fatouros-Bergman, H., Flyckt, L., Ford, J. M., Fouche, J. P., Fukunaga, M., Gill, M., Glahn, D. C., Gollub, R., Goudzwaard, E. D., Guo, H., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Gurholt, T. P., Hashimoto, R., Hatton, S. N., Henskens, F. A., Hibar, D. P., Hickie, I. B., Hong, L. E., Horacek, J., Howells, F. M., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., Hyde, C. L., Isaev, D., Jablensky, A., Jansen, P. R., Janssen, J., Jönsson, E. G., Jung, L. A., Kahn, R. S., Kikinis, Z., Liu, K., Klauser, P., Knöchel, C., Kubicki, M., Lagopoulos, J., Langen, C., Lawrie, S., Lenroot, R. K., Lim, K. O., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., Lyall, A., Magnotta, V., Mandl, R. C.W., Mathalon, D. H., McCarley, R. W., McCarthy-Jones, S., McDonald, C., McEwen, S., McIntosh, A., Melicher, T., Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Michie, P. T., Mowry, B., Mueller, B. A., Newell, D. T., O'Donnell, P., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Oestreich, L., Paciga, S. A., Pantelis, C., Pasternak, O., Pearlson, G., Pellicano, G. R., Pereira, A., Pineda Zapata, J., Piras, F., Potkin, S. G., Preda, A., Rasser, P. E., Roalf, D. R., Roiz, R., Roos, A., Rotenberg, D., Satterthwaite, T. D., Savadjiev, P., Schall, U., Scott, R. J., Seal, M. L., Seidman, L. J., Shannon Weickert, C., Whelan, C. D., Shenton, M. E., Kwon, J. S., Spalletta, G., Spaniel, F., Sprooten, E., Stäblein, M., Stein, D. J., Sundram, S., Tan, Y., Tan, S., Tang, S., Temmingh, H. S., Westlye, L. T., Tønnesen, S., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Doan, N. T., Vaidya, J., Van Haren, N. E.M., Vargas, C. D., Vecchio, D., Velakoulis, D., Voineskos, A., Voyvodic, J. Q., Wang, Z., Wan, P., Wei, D., Weickert, T. W., Whalley, H., White, T., Whitford, T. J., Wojcik, J. D., Xiang, H., Xie, Z., Yamamori, H., Yang, F., Yao, N., Zhang, G., Zhao, J., Van Erp, T. G.M., Turner, J., Thompson, P. M., and Donohoe, G.

Published
2018

11. The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Smoller, Jordan, Thompson, Paul M, Stein, Jason L, Medland, Sarah E, Hibar, Derrek P, Vasquez, Alejandro A, Renteria, Miguel E, Toro, Roberto, Jahanshad, Neda, Schumann, Gunter, Franke, Barbara, Wright, Margaret J, Martin, Nicholas G, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alhusaini, Saud, Almasy, Laura, Almeida, Jorge, Alpert, Kathryn, Andreasen, Nancy C, Andreassen, Ole A, Apostolova, Liana G, Appel, Katja, Armstrong, Nicola J, Aribisala, Benjamin, Bastin, Mark E, Bauer, Michael, Bearden, Carrie E, Bergmann, Ørjan, Binder, Elisabeth B, Blangero, John, Bockholt, Henry J, Bøen, Erlend, Bois, Catherine, Boomsma, Dorret I, Booth, Tom, Bowman, Ian J, Bralten, Janita, Brouwer, Rachel M, Brunner, Han G, Brohawn, David G, Buckner, Randy L, Buitelaar, Jan, Bulayeva, Kazima, Bustillo, Juan R, Calhoun, Vince D, Cannon, Dara M, Cantor, Rita M, Carless, Melanie A, Caseras, Xavier, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L, Chakravarty, M. M, Chang, Kiki D, Ching, Christopher R K, Christoforou, Andrea, Cichon, Sven, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia, Coppola, Giovanni, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Curran, Joanne E, Czisch, Michael, Deary, Ian J, de Geus, Eco J C, den Braber, Anouk, Delvecchio, Giuseppe, Depondt, Chantal, de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Dima, Danai, Dimitrova, Rali, Djurovic, Srdjan, Dong, Hongwei, Donohoe, Gary, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Dyer, Thomas D, Ehrlich, Stefan, Ekman, Carl J, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Emsell, Louise, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fagerness, Jesen, Fears, Scott, Fedko, Iryna, Fernández, Guillén, Fisher, Simon E, Foroud, Tatiana, Fox, Peter T, Francks, Clyde, Frangou, Sophia, Frey, Eva M, Frodl, Thomas, Frouin, Vincent, Garavan, Hugh, Giddaluru, Sudheer, Glahn, David C, Godlewska, Beata, Goldstein, Rita Z, Gollub, Randy L, Grabe, Hans J, Grimm, Oliver, Gruber, Oliver, Guadalupe, Tulio, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Göring, Harald H H, Hagenaars, Saskia, Hajek, Tomas, Hall, Geoffrey B, Hall, Jeremy, Hardy, John, Hartman, Catharina A, Hass, Johanna, Hatton, Sean N, Haukvik, Unn K, Hegenscheid, Katrin, Heinz, Andreas, Hickie, Ian B, Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoehn, David, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hollinshead, Marisa, Holmes, Avram J, Homuth, Georg, Hoogman, Martine, Hong, L. E, Hosten, Norbert, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Hwang, Kristy S, Jack, Clifford R, Jenkinson, Mark, Johnston, Caroline, Jönsson, Erik G, Kahn, René S, Kasperaviciute, Dalia, Kelly, Sinead, Kim, Sungeun, Kochunov, Peter, Koenders, Laura, Krämer, Bernd, Kwok, John B J, Lagopoulos, Jim, Laje, Gonzalo, Landen, Mikael, Landman, Bennett A, Lauriello, John, Lawrie, Stephen M, Lee, Phil H, Le Hellard, Stephanie, Lemaître, Herve, Leonardo, Cassandra D, Li, Chiang-shan, Liberg, Benny, Liewald, David C, Liu, Xinmin, Lopez, Lorna M, Loth, Eva, Lourdusamy, Anbarasu, Luciano, Michelle, Macciardi, Fabio, Machielsen, Marise W J, MacQueen, Glenda M, Malt, Ulrik F, Mandl, René, Manoach, Dara S, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Matarin, Mar, Mather, Karen A, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mattingsdal, Morten, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Francis J, McMahon, Katie L, Meisenzahl, Eva, Melle, Ingrid, Milaneschi, Yuri, Mohnke, Sebastian, Montgomery, Grant W, Morris, Derek W, Moses, Eric K, Mueller, Bryon A, Muñoz Maniega, Susana, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Mwangi, Benson, Nauck, Matthias, Nho, Kwangsik, Nichols, Thomas E, Nilsson, Lars-Göran, Nugent, Allison C, Nyberg, Lars, Olvera, Rene L, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Ophoff, Roel A, Pandolfo, Massimo, Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou, Melina, Papmeyer, Martina, Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Pearlson, Godfrey D, Penninx, Brenda W, Peterson, Charles P, Pfennig, Andrea, Phillips, Mary, Pike, G. B, Poline, Jean-Baptiste, Potkin, Steven G, Pütz, Benno, Ramasamy, Adaikalavan, Rasmussen, Jerod, Rietschel, Marcella, Rijpkema, Mark, Risacher, Shannon L, Roffman, Joshua L, Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto, Romanczuk-Seiferth, Nina, Rose, Emma J, Royle, Natalie A, Rujescu, Dan, Ryten, Mina, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salami, Alireza, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Savitz, Jonathan, Saykin, Andrew J, Scanlon, Cathy, Schmaal, Lianne, Schnack, Hugo G, Schork, Andrew J, Schulz, S. C, Schür, Remmelt, Seidman, Larry, Shen, Li, Shoemaker, Jody M, Simmons, Andrew, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Smith, Colin, Soares, Jair C, Sponheim, Scott R, Sprooten, Emma, Starr, John M, Steen, Vidar M, Strakowski, Stephen, Strike, Lachlan, Sussmann, Jessika, Sämann, Philipp G, Teumer, Alexander, Toga, Arthur W, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Trabzuni, Daniah, Trost, Sarah, Turner, Jessica, Van den Heuvel, Martijn, van der Wee, Nic J, van Eijk, Kristel, van Erp, Theo G M, van Haren, Neeltje E M, van ‘t Ent, Dennis, van Tol, Marie-Jose, Valdés Hernández, Maria C, Veltman, Dick J, Versace, Amelia, Völzke, Henry, Walker, Robert, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Weale, Michael E, Weiner, Michael W, Wen, Wei, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather C, Whelan, Christopher D, White, Tonya, Winkler, Anderson M, Wittfeld, Katharina, Woldehawariat, Girma, Wolf, Christiane, Zilles, David, Zwiers, Marcel P, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Schofield, Peter R, Freimer, Nelson B, Lawrence, Natalia S, Drevets, Wayne, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Smoller, Jordan, Thompson, Paul M, Stein, Jason L, Medland, Sarah E, Hibar, Derrek P, Vasquez, Alejandro A, Renteria, Miguel E, Toro, Roberto, Jahanshad, Neda, Schumann, Gunter, Franke, Barbara, Wright, Margaret J, Martin, Nicholas G, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alhusaini, Saud, Almasy, Laura, Almeida, Jorge, Alpert, Kathryn, Andreasen, Nancy C, Andreassen, Ole A, Apostolova, Liana G, Appel, Katja, Armstrong, Nicola J, Aribisala, Benjamin, Bastin, Mark E, Bauer, Michael, Bearden, Carrie E, Bergmann, Ørjan, Binder, Elisabeth B, Blangero, John, Bockholt, Henry J, Bøen, Erlend, Bois, Catherine, Boomsma, Dorret I, Booth, Tom, Bowman, Ian J, Bralten, Janita, Brouwer, Rachel M, Brunner, Han G, Brohawn, David G, Buckner, Randy L, Buitelaar, Jan, Bulayeva, Kazima, Bustillo, Juan R, Calhoun, Vince D, Cannon, Dara M, Cantor, Rita M, Carless, Melanie A, Caseras, Xavier, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L, Chakravarty, M. M, Chang, Kiki D, Ching, Christopher R K, Christoforou, Andrea, Cichon, Sven, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia, Coppola, Giovanni, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Curran, Joanne E, Czisch, Michael, Deary, Ian J, de Geus, Eco J C, den Braber, Anouk, Delvecchio, Giuseppe, Depondt, Chantal, de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Dima, Danai, Dimitrova, Rali, Djurovic, Srdjan, Dong, Hongwei, Donohoe, Gary, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Dyer, Thomas D, Ehrlich, Stefan, Ekman, Carl J, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Emsell, Louise, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fagerness, Jesen, Fears, Scott, Fedko, Iryna, Fernández, Guillén, Fisher, Simon E, Foroud, Tatiana, Fox, Peter T, Francks, Clyde, Frangou, Sophia, Frey, Eva M, Frodl, Thomas, Frouin, Vincent, Garavan, Hugh, Giddaluru, Sudheer, Glahn, David C, Godlewska, Beata, Goldstein, Rita Z, Gollub, Randy L, Grabe, Hans J, Grimm, Oliver, Gruber, Oliver, Guadalupe, Tulio, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Göring, Harald H H, Hagenaars, Saskia, Hajek, Tomas, Hall, Geoffrey B, Hall, Jeremy, Hardy, John, Hartman, Catharina A, Hass, Johanna, Hatton, Sean N, Haukvik, Unn K, Hegenscheid, Katrin, Heinz, Andreas, Hickie, Ian B, Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoehn, David, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hollinshead, Marisa, Holmes, Avram J, Homuth, Georg, Hoogman, Martine, Hong, L. E, Hosten, Norbert, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Hwang, Kristy S, Jack, Clifford R, Jenkinson, Mark, Johnston, Caroline, Jönsson, Erik G, Kahn, René S, Kasperaviciute, Dalia, Kelly, Sinead, Kim, Sungeun, Kochunov, Peter, Koenders, Laura, Krämer, Bernd, Kwok, John B J, Lagopoulos, Jim, Laje, Gonzalo, Landen, Mikael, Landman, Bennett A, Lauriello, John, Lawrie, Stephen M, Lee, Phil H, Le Hellard, Stephanie, Lemaître, Herve, Leonardo, Cassandra D, Li, Chiang-shan, Liberg, Benny, Liewald, David C, Liu, Xinmin, Lopez, Lorna M, Loth, Eva, Lourdusamy, Anbarasu, Luciano, Michelle, Macciardi, Fabio, Machielsen, Marise W J, MacQueen, Glenda M, Malt, Ulrik F, Mandl, René, Manoach, Dara S, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Matarin, Mar, Mather, Karen A, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mattingsdal, Morten, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Francis J, McMahon, Katie L, Meisenzahl, Eva, Melle, Ingrid, Milaneschi, Yuri, Mohnke, Sebastian, Montgomery, Grant W, Morris, Derek W, Moses, Eric K, Mueller, Bryon A, Muñoz Maniega, Susana, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Mwangi, Benson, Nauck, Matthias, Nho, Kwangsik, Nichols, Thomas E, Nilsson, Lars-Göran, Nugent, Allison C, Nyberg, Lars, Olvera, Rene L, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Ophoff, Roel A, Pandolfo, Massimo, Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou, Melina, Papmeyer, Martina, Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Pearlson, Godfrey D, Penninx, Brenda W, Peterson, Charles P, Pfennig, Andrea, Phillips, Mary, Pike, G. B, Poline, Jean-Baptiste, Potkin, Steven G, Pütz, Benno, Ramasamy, Adaikalavan, Rasmussen, Jerod, Rietschel, Marcella, Rijpkema, Mark, Risacher, Shannon L, Roffman, Joshua L, Roiz-Santiañez, Roberto, Romanczuk-Seiferth, Nina, Rose, Emma J, Royle, Natalie A, Rujescu, Dan, Ryten, Mina, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salami, Alireza, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Savitz, Jonathan, Saykin, Andrew J, Scanlon, Cathy, Schmaal, Lianne, Schnack, Hugo G, Schork, Andrew J, Schulz, S. C, Schür, Remmelt, Seidman, Larry, Shen, Li, Shoemaker, Jody M, Simmons, Andrew, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Smith, Colin, Soares, Jair C, Sponheim, Scott R, Sprooten, Emma, Starr, John M, Steen, Vidar M, Strakowski, Stephen, Strike, Lachlan, Sussmann, Jessika, Sämann, Philipp G, Teumer, Alexander, Toga, Arthur W, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Trabzuni, Daniah, Trost, Sarah, Turner, Jessica, Van den Heuvel, Martijn, van der Wee, Nic J, van Eijk, Kristel, van Erp, Theo G M, van Haren, Neeltje E M, van ‘t Ent, Dennis, van Tol, Marie-Jose, Valdés Hernández, Maria C, Veltman, Dick J, Versace, Amelia, Völzke, Henry, Walker, Robert, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Weale, Michael E, Weiner, Michael W, Wen, Wei, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather C, Whelan, Christopher D, White, Tonya, Winkler, Anderson M, Wittfeld, Katharina, Woldehawariat, Girma, Wolf, Christiane, Zilles, David, Zwiers, Marcel P, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Schofield, Peter R, Freimer, Nelson B, Lawrence, Natalia S, and Drevets, Wayne

Abstract

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA’s first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.

Published
2017

12. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

Author

Kelly, S, primary, Jahanshad, N, additional, Zalesky, A, additional, Kochunov, P, additional, Agartz, I, additional, Alloza, C, additional, Andreassen, O A, additional, Arango, C, additional, Banaj, N, additional, Bouix, S, additional, Bousman, C A, additional, Brouwer, R M, additional, Bruggemann, J, additional, Bustillo, J, additional, Cahn, W, additional, Calhoun, V, additional, Cannon, D, additional, Carr, V, additional, Catts, S, additional, Chen, J, additional, Chen, J-x, additional, Chen, X, additional, Chiapponi, C, additional, Cho, Kl K, additional, Ciullo, V, additional, Corvin, A S, additional, Crespo-Facorro, B, additional, Cropley, V, additional, De Rossi, P, additional, Diaz-Caneja, C M, additional, Dickie, E W, additional, Ehrlich, S, additional, Fan, F-m, additional, Faskowitz, J, additional, Fatouros-Bergman, H, additional, Flyckt, L, additional, Ford, J M, additional, Fouche, J-P, additional, Fukunaga, M, additional, Gill, M, additional, Glahn, D C, additional, Gollub, R, additional, Goudzwaard, E D, additional, Guo, H, additional, Gur, R E, additional, Gur, R C, additional, Gurholt, T P, additional, Hashimoto, R, additional, Hatton, S N, additional, Henskens, F A, additional, Hibar, D P, additional, Hickie, I B, additional, Hong, L E, additional, Horacek, J, additional, Howells, F M, additional, Hulshoff Pol, H E, additional, Hyde, C L, additional, Isaev, D, additional, Jablensky, A, additional, Jansen, P R, additional, Janssen, J, additional, Jönsson, E G, additional, Jung, L A, additional, Kahn, R S, additional, Kikinis, Z, additional, Liu, K, additional, Klauser, P, additional, Knöchel, C, additional, Kubicki, M, additional, Lagopoulos, J, additional, Langen, C, additional, Lawrie, S, additional, Lenroot, R K, additional, Lim, K O, additional, Lopez-Jaramillo, C, additional, Lyall, A, additional, Magnotta, V, additional, Mandl, R C W, additional, Mathalon, D H, additional, McCarley, R W, additional, McCarthy-Jones, S, additional, McDonald, C, additional, McEwen, S, additional, McIntosh, A, additional, Melicher, T, additional, Mesholam-Gately, R I, additional, Michie, P T, additional, Mowry, B, additional, Mueller, B A, additional, Newell, D T, additional, O'Donnell, P, additional, Oertel-Knöchel, V, additional, Oestreich, L, additional, Paciga, S A, additional, Pantelis, C, additional, Pasternak, O, additional, Pearlson, G, additional, Pellicano, G R, additional, Pereira, A, additional, Pineda Zapata, J, additional, Piras, F, additional, Potkin, S G, additional, Preda, A, additional, Rasser, P E, additional, Roalf, D R, additional, Roiz, R, additional, Roos, A, additional, Rotenberg, D, additional, Satterthwaite, T D, additional, Savadjiev, P, additional, Schall, U, additional, Scott, R J, additional, Seal, M L, additional, Seidman, L J, additional, Shannon Weickert, C, additional, Whelan, C D, additional, Shenton, M E, additional, Kwon, J S, additional, Spalletta, G, additional, Spaniel, F, additional, Sprooten, E, additional, Stäblein, M, additional, Stein, D J, additional, Sundram, S, additional, Tan, Y, additional, Tan, S, additional, Tang, S, additional, Temmingh, H S, additional, Westlye, L T, additional, Tønnesen, S, additional, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, additional, Doan, N T, additional, Vaidya, J, additional, van Haren, N E M, additional, Vargas, C D, additional, Vecchio, D, additional, Velakoulis, D, additional, Voineskos, A, additional, Voyvodic, J Q, additional, Wang, Z, additional, Wan, P, additional, Wei, D, additional, Weickert, T W, additional, Whalley, H, additional, White, T, additional, Whitford, T J, additional, Wojcik, J D, additional, Xiang, H, additional, Xie, Z, additional, Yamamori, H, additional, Yang, F, additional, Yao, N, additional, Zhang, G, additional, Zhao, J, additional, van Erp, T G M, additional, Turner, J, additional, Thompson, P M, additional, and Donohoe, G, additional

Published
2017
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13. Potassium channel gene associations with joint processing speed and white matter impairments in schizophrenia

Author

Bruce, H. A., primary, Kochunov, P., additional, Paciga, S. A., additional, Hyde, C. L., additional, Chen, X., additional, Xie, Z., additional, Zhang, B., additional, Xi, H. S., additional, O'Donnell, P., additional, Whelan, C., additional, Schubert, C. R., additional, Bellon, A., additional, Ament, S. A., additional, Shukla, D. K., additional, Du, X., additional, Rowland, L. M., additional, O'Neill, H., additional, and Hong, L. E., additional

Published
2017
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19. Familial Aggregation of Tobacco Use Behaviors Among Amish Men

Author

Nugent, K. L., primary, Million-Mrkva, A., additional, Backman, J., additional, Stephens, S. H., additional, Reed, R. M., additional, Kochunov, P., additional, Pollin, T. I., additional, Shuldiner, A. R., additional, Mitchell, B. D., additional, and Hong, L. E., additional

Published
2014
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20. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

Author

Kelly, S, Jahanshad, N, Zalesky, A, Kochunov, P, Agartz, I, Alloza, C, Andreassen, O A, Arango, C, Banaj, N, Bouix, S, Bousman, C A, Brouwer, R M, Bruggemann, J, Bustillo, J, Cahn, W, Calhoun, V, Cannon, D, Carr, V, Catts, S, Chen, J, Chen, J-x, Chen, X, Chiapponi, C, Cho, Kl K, Ciullo, V, Corvin, A S, Crespo-Facorro, B, Cropley, V, De Rossi, P, Diaz-Caneja, C M, Dickie, E W, Ehrlich, S, Fan, F-m, Faskowitz, J, Fatouros-Bergman, H, Flyckt, L, Ford, J M, Fouche, J-P, Fukunaga, M, Gill, M, Glahn, D C, Gollub, R, Goudzwaard, E D, Guo, H, Gur, R E, Gur, R C, Gurholt, T P, Hashimoto, R, Hatton, S N, Henskens, F A, Hibar, D P, Hickie, I B, Hong, L E, Horacek, J, Howells, F M, Hulshoff Pol, H E, Hyde, C L, Isaev, D, Jablensky, A, Jansen, P R, Janssen, J, Jönsson, E G, Jung, L A, Kahn, R S, Kikinis, Z, Liu, K, Klauser, P, Knöchel, C, Kubicki, M, Lagopoulos, J, Langen, C, Lawrie, S, Lenroot, R K, Lim, K O, Lopez-Jaramillo, C, Lyall, A, Magnotta, V, Mandl, R C W, Mathalon, D H, McCarley, R W, McCarthy-Jones, S, McDonald, C, McEwen, S, McIntosh, A, Melicher, T, Mesholam-Gately, R I, Michie, P T, Mowry, B, Mueller, B A, Newell, D T, O'Donnell, P, Oertel-Knöchel, V, Oestreich, L, Paciga, S A, Pantelis, C, Pasternak, O, Pearlson, G, Pellicano, G R, Pereira, A, Pineda Zapata, J, Piras, F, Potkin, S G, Preda, A, Rasser, P E, Roalf, D R, Roiz, R, Roos, A, Rotenberg, D, Satterthwaite, T D, Savadjiev, P, Schall, U, Scott, R J, Seal, M L, Seidman, L J, Shannon Weickert, C, Whelan, C D, Shenton, M E, Kwon, J S, Spalletta, G, Spaniel, F, Sprooten, E, Stäblein, M, Stein, D J, Sundram, S, Tan, Y, Tan, S, Tang, S, Temmingh, H S, Westlye, L T, Tønnesen, S, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Doan, N T, Vaidya, J, van Haren, N E M, Vargas, C D, Vecchio, D, Velakoulis, D, Voineskos, A, Voyvodic, J Q, Wang, Z, Wan, P, Wei, D, Weickert, T W, Whalley, H, White, T, Whitford, T J, Wojcik, J D, Xiang, H, Xie, Z, Yamamori, H, Yang, F, Yao, N, Zhang, G, Zhao, J, van Erp, T G M, Turner, J, Thompson, P M, and Donohoe, G

Abstract

The regional distribution of white matter (WM) abnormalities in schizophrenia remains poorly understood, and reported disease effects on the brain vary widely between studies. In an effort to identify commonalities across studies, we perform what we believe is the first ever large-scale coordinated study of WM microstructural differences in schizophrenia. Our analysis consisted of 2359 healthy controls and 1963 schizophrenia patients from 29 independent international studies; we harmonized the processing and statistical analyses of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data across sites and meta-analyzed effects across studies. Significant reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in schizophrenia patients were widespread, and detected in 20 of 25 regions of interest within a WM skeleton representing all major WM fasciculi. Effect sizes varied by region, peaking at (d=0.42) for the entire WM skeleton, driven more by peripheral areas as opposed to the core WM where regions of interest were defined. The anterior corona radiata (d=0.40) and corpus callosum (d=0.39), specifically its body (d=0.39) and genu (d=0.37), showed greatest effects. Significant decreases, to lesser degrees, were observed in almost all regions analyzed. Larger effect sizes were observed for FA than diffusivity measures; significantly higher mean and radial diffusivity was observed for schizophrenia patients compared with controls. No significant effects of age at onset of schizophrenia or medication dosage were detected. As the largest coordinated analysis of WM differences in a psychiatric disorder to date, the present study provides a robust profile of widespread WM abnormalities in schizophrenia patients worldwide. Interactive three-dimensional visualization of the results is available at www.enigma-viewer.org.

Published
2018
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21. P-selectin Expression Tracks Cerebral Atrophy in Mexican-Americans

Author

Kochunov, P., primary, Glahn, D. C., additional, Hong, L. E., additional, Lancaster, J., additional, Curran, J. E., additional, Johnson, M. P., additional, Winkler, A. M., additional, Holcomb, H. H., additional, Kent, J. W., additional, Mitchell, B., additional, Kochunov, V., additional, Olvera, R. L., additional, Cole, S. A., additional, Dyer, T. D., additional, Moses, E. K., additional, Goring, H., additional, Almasy, L., additional, Duggirala, R., additional, and Blangero, J., additional

Published
2012
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26. COMBINING META-AND MEGA-ANALYTIC APPROACHES FOR MULTI-SITE DIFFUSION IMAGING BASED GENETIC STUDIES: FROM THE ENIGMA-DTI WORKING GROUP

Author

Jahanshad, N., Kochunov, P., Nichols, T. E., Sprooten, E., Mandl, R. C., Almasy, L., Brouwer, R. M., Curran, J. E., Zubicaray, G. I., Dimitrova, R., Fox, P. T., Hong, L. E., Landman, B. A., Lemaitre, H., Lopez, L., Martin, N. G., Mcmahon, K. L., Mitchell, B. D., Olvera, R. L., Peterson, C. P., Sussmann, J. E., Toga, A. W., Wardlaw, J. M., Wright, M. J., Wright, S. N., Bastin, M. E., Mcintosh, A. M., Boomsma, D. I., Kahn, R. S., Den Braber, A., Deary, I. J., Pol, H. E. H., Williamson, D., Blangero, J., T Ent, D., Glahn, D. C., Paul Thompson, and Ieee

28. Virtual Histology of Cortical Thickness and Shared Neurobiology in 6 Psychiatric Disorders.

Author

Patel Y, Parker N, Shin J, Howard D, French L, Thomopoulos SI, Pozzi E, Abe Y, Abé C, Anticevic A, Alda M, Aleman A, Alloza C, Alonso-Lana S, Ameis SH, Anagnostou E, McIntosh AA, Arango C, Arnold PD, Asherson P, Assogna F, Auzias G, Ayesa-Arriola R, Bakker G, Banaj N, Banaschewski T, Bandeira CE, Baranov A, Bargalló N, Bau CHD, Baumeister S, Baune BT, Bellgrove MA, Benedetti F, Bertolino A, Boedhoe PSW, Boks M, Bollettini I, Del Mar Bonnin C, Borgers T, Borgwardt S, Brandeis D, Brennan BP, Bruggemann JM, Bülow R, Busatto GF, Calderoni S, Calhoun VD, Calvo R, Canales-Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Carr VJ, Cascella N, Cercignani M, Chaim-Avancini TM, Christakou A, Coghill D, Conzelmann A, Crespo-Facorro B, Cubillo AI, Cullen KR, Cupertino RB, Daly E, Dannlowski U, Davey CG, Denys D, Deruelle C, Di Giorgio A, Dickie EW, Dima D, Dohm K, Ehrlich S, Ely BA, Erwin-Grabner T, Ethofer T, Fair DA, Fallgatter AJ, Faraone SV, Fatjó-Vilas M, Fedor JM, Fitzgerald KD, Ford JM, Frodl T, Fu CHY, Fullerton JM, Gabel MC, Glahn DC, Roberts G, Gogberashvili T, Goikolea JM, Gotlib IH, Goya-Maldonado R, Grabe HJ, Green MJ, Grevet EH, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Gruner P, Guerrero-Pedraza A, Gur RE, Gur RC, Haar S, Haarman BCM, Haavik J, Hahn T, Hajek T, Harrison BJ, Harrison NA, Hartman CA, Whalley HC, Heslenfeld DJ, Hibar DP, Hilland E, Hirano Y, Ho TC, Hoekstra PJ, Hoekstra L, Hohmann S, Hong LE, Höschl C, Høvik MF, Howells FM, Nenadic I, Jalbrzikowski M, James AC, Janssen J, Jaspers-Fayer F, Xu J, Jonassen R, Karkashadze G, King JA, Kircher T, Kirschner M, Koch K, Kochunov P, Kohls G, Konrad K, Krämer B, Krug A, Kuntsi J, Kwon JS, Landén M, Landrø NI, Lazaro L, Lebedeva IS, Leehr EJ, Lera-Miguel S, Lesch KP, Lochner C, Louza MR, Luna B, Lundervold AJ, MacMaster FP, Maglanoc LA, Malpas CB, Portella MJ, Marsh R, Martyn FM, Mataix-Cols D, Mathalon DH, McCarthy H, McDonald C, McPhilemy G, Meinert S, Menchón JM, Minuzzi L, Mitchell PB, Moreno C, Morgado P, Muratori F, Murphy CM, Murphy D, Mwangi B, Nabulsi L, Nakagawa A, Nakamae T, Namazova L, Narayanaswamy J, Jahanshad N, Nguyen DD, Nicolau R, O'Gorman Tuura RL, O'Hearn K, Oosterlaan J, Opel N, Ophoff RA, Oranje B, García de la Foz VO, Overs BJ, Paloyelis Y, Pantelis C, Parellada M, Pauli P, Picó-Pérez M, Picon FA, Piras F, Piras F, Plessen KJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Preda A, Puig O, Quidé Y, Radua J, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Rasser PE, Rauer L, Reddy J, Redlich R, Reif A, Reneman L, Repple J, Retico A, Richarte V, Richter A, Rosa PGP, Rubia KK, Hashimoto R, Sacchet MD, Salvador R, Santonja J, Sarink K, Sarró S, Satterthwaite TD, Sawa A, Schall U, Schofield PR, Schrantee A, Seitz J, Serpa MH, Setién-Suero E, Shaw P, Shook D, Silk TJ, Sim K, Simon S, Simpson HB, Singh A, Skoch A, Skokauskas N, Soares JC, Soreni N, Soriano-Mas C, Spalletta G, Spaniel F, Lawrie SM, Stern ER, Stewart SE, Takayanagi Y, Temmingh HS, Tolin DF, Tomecek D, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Tosetti M, Uhlmann A, van Amelsvoort T, van der Wee NJA, van der Werff SJA, van Haren NEM, van Wingen GA, Vance A, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Vecchio D, Venkatasubramanian G, Vieta E, Vilarroya O, Vives-Gilabert Y, Voineskos AN, Völzke H, von Polier GG, Walton E, Weickert TW, Weickert CS, Weideman AS, Wittfeld K, Wolf DH, Wu MJ, Yang TT, Yang K, Yoncheva Y, Yun JY, Cheng Y, Zanetti MV, Ziegler GC, Franke B, Hoogman M, Buitelaar JK, van Rooij D, Andreassen OA, Ching CRK, Veltman DJ, Schmaal L, Stein DJ, van den Heuvel OA, Turner JA, van Erp TGM, Pausova Z, Thompson PM, and Paus T

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnostic imaging, Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnostic imaging, Bipolar Disorder diagnostic imaging, Case-Control Studies, Cerebral Cortex cytology, Cerebral Cortex diagnostic imaging, Cerebral Cortex growth & development, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Computational Biology, Depressive Disorder, Major diagnostic imaging, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder diagnostic imaging, Principal Component Analysis, Schizophrenia diagnostic imaging, Young Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity pathology, Autism Spectrum Disorder pathology, Bipolar Disorder pathology, Cerebral Cortex pathology, Depressive Disorder, Major pathology, Fetal Development physiology, Gene Expression physiology, Human Development physiology, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder pathology, Schizophrenia pathology
Abstract

Importance: Large-scale neuroimaging studies have revealed group differences in cortical thickness across many psychiatric disorders. The underlying neurobiology behind these differences is not well understood., Objective: To determine neurobiologic correlates of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls in 6 disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia., Design, Setting, and Participants: Profiles of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Similarity between interregional profiles of cell-specific gene expression and those in the group differences in cortical thickness were investigated in each disorder. Next, principal component analysis was used to reveal a shared profile of group difference in thickness across the disorders. Analysis for gene coexpression, clustering, and enrichment for genes associated with these disorders were conducted. Data analysis was conducted between June and December 2019. The analysis included 145 cohorts across 6 psychiatric disorders drawn from the ENIGMA consortium. The numbers of cases and controls in each of the 6 disorders were as follows: ADHD: 1814 and 1602; ASD: 1748 and 1770; BD: 1547 and 3405; MDD: 2658 and 3572; OCD: 2266 and 2007; and schizophrenia: 2688 and 3244., Main Outcomes and Measures: Interregional profiles of group difference in cortical thickness between cases and controls., Results: A total of 12 721 cases and 15 600 controls, ranging from ages 2 to 89 years, were included in this study. Interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness for each of the 6 psychiatric disorders were associated with profiles of gene expression specific to pyramidal (CA1) cells, astrocytes (except for BD), and microglia (except for OCD); collectively, gene-expression profiles of the 3 cell types explain between 25% and 54% of variance in interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness. Principal component analysis revealed a shared profile of difference in cortical thickness across the 6 disorders (48% variance explained); interregional profile of this principal component 1 was associated with that of the pyramidal-cell gene expression (explaining 56% of interregional variation). Coexpression analyses of these genes revealed 2 clusters: (1) a prenatal cluster enriched with genes involved in neurodevelopmental (axon guidance) processes and (2) a postnatal cluster enriched with genes involved in synaptic activity and plasticity-related processes. These clusters were enriched with genes associated with all 6 psychiatric disorders., Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, shared neurobiologic processes were associated with differences in cortical thickness across multiple psychiatric disorders. These processes implicate a common role of prenatal development and postnatal functioning of the cerebral cortex in these disorders.

Published
2021
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29. Permeability-diffusivity modeling vs. fractional anisotropy on white matter integrity assessment and application in schizophrenia.

Author

Kochunov P, Chiappelli J, and Hong LE

Abstract

Introduction: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) assumes a single pool of anisotropically diffusing water to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA) and is commonly used to ascertain white matter (WM) deficits in schizophrenia. At higher b-values, diffusion-signal decay becomes bi-exponential, suggesting the presence of two, unrestricted and restricted, water pools. Theoretical work suggests that semi-permeable cellular membrane rather than the presence of two physical compartments is the cause. The permeability-diffusivity (PD) parameters measured from bi-exponential modeling may offer advantages, over traditional DTI-FA, in identifying WM deficits in schizophrenia., Methods: Imaging was performed in N = 26/26 patients/controls (age = 20-61 years, average age = 40.5 ± 12.6). Imaging consisted of fifteen b-shells: b = 250-3800 s/mm(2) with 30 directions/shell, covering seven slices of mid-sagittal corpus callosum (CC) at 1.7 × 1.7 × 4.6 mm. 64-direction DTI was also collected. Permeability-diffusivity-index (PDI), the ratio of restricted to unrestricted apparent diffusion coefficients, and the fraction of unrestricted compartment (Mu) were calculated for CC and cingulate gray matter (GM). FA values for CC were calculated using tract-based-spatial-statistics., Results: Patients had significantly reduced PDI in CC (p ≅ 10(- 4)) and cingulate GM (p = 0.002), while differences in CC FA were modest (p ≅ .03). There was no group-related difference in Mu. Additional theoretical-modeling analysis suggested that reduced PDI in patients may be caused by reduced cross-membrane water molecule exchanges., Conclusion: PDI measurements for cerebral WM and GM yielded more robust patient-control differences than DTI-FA. Theoretical work offers an explanation that patient-control PDI differences should implicate abnormal active membrane permeability. This would implicate abnormal activities in ion-channels that use water as substrate for ion exchange, in cerebral tissues of schizophrenia patients.

Published
2013
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30. Discharges of children from hospital against medical advice.

Author

Hong LE and Ling FC

Subjects
Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Malaysia, Male, Parents, Retrospective Studies, Child, Hospitalized statistics & numerical data, Patient Dropouts statistics & numerical data, Treatment Refusal
Abstract

A retrospective study on discharges of children from hospital against medical advice or at own risk (AOR) discharges was conducted at our department from March 1981 to February 1990. There were altogether 890 patients giving an average incidence of 2%/year. The racial composition comprised 62.5% Chinese, 28.5% Malay, 7.3% Indian and 1.7% others. The common reasons for AOR discharge includes: (a) Inconvenience of having the child hospitalised (18.4%). (b) Preference of being treated by the general practitioner (15%). (c) Parents think child is well (14%). (d) Preference of being treated by private specialist or other hospital (11.9%) etc. Neonate comprised 16.9%, infants (except neonates) 44%, children > 1-5 yrs 28.6%, > 5-10 yrs 7.7% and > 10 yr 1.9%. The common diagnoses of these children include gastroenteritis (13.9%), febrile fit (13%), upper respiratory tract infection (11.7%), neonatal jaundice (5.7%). In conclusion AOR discharges of children from hospital is not uncommon and more could be done to reduce the incidence.

Published
1992

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