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In this study, hydrolysates of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) roe were prepared by trypsin (Try‐pcRHs) and papain (Pap‐pcRHs). The degree of hydrolysis (DH), molecular weight distribution and iron chelating capacity of hydrolysates were investigated. Moreover, the chelation mechanism of iron‐hydrolysates complex also was investigated by amino acid composition analysis, fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectrophotometer and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. These results showed that Try‐pcRHs exhibited higher iron chelating ability with the EC50 value of 0.14 mg/ml than Pap‐pcRHs, which may be due to the higher DH and content of peptide <1 KDa. Furthermore, the Asp, Glu, Ser, Pro, Ile, Phe and His in Try‐pcRHs might contribute to the chelation reaction, and the groups of ‐COOH, C=O, N‐H and C‐O were involved in chealtiong of Try‐pcRHs with iron. Therefore, Try‐pcRHs have the potential to be used as iron supplements in food industries. Practical Applications: Large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) roes are the main by‐products in the large yellow croaker processing. Previous studies have found that protein isolates from P. crocea roes composed of vitellogenin B, vitellogenin C and vitellogenin contain a large number of serine residues. In this study, we prepared hydrolysates from large yellow croaker roes, and the results showed that trypsin‐hydrolyzed large yellow croaker roes exhibited great iron‐chelating ability and has the potential to be used as a safe and healthy iron supplements in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Protein isolates (pcRPIs) and lipids (pcRLs) of large yellow croaker roes were extracted simultaneously. • The purity of pcRPIs was greater than 70% with vitellogenin, vitellogenin B and vitellogenin C as main proteins. • pcRLs were mainly composed of triglyceride with high level of EPA and DHA content. • pcRPIs exhibited better physicochemical and functional properties than pcR. • pcRPIs had the better oil holding capacity and emulsifying abilities than soy protein isolate. The objective of this study was to simultaneously obtain protein isolates and lipids from the dried powder of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) roes (pcRs) to achieve high-value utilization. Protein isolates and lipids were extracted simultaneously from pcRs by saline and acidic solutions. The purity of the protein isolates from the pcRs (pcRPIs) was greater than 70%, with vitellogenin, vitellogenin B and vitellogenin C as the main proteins. The lipids from pcRs (pcRLs) were mainly composed of triglycerides with high levels of EPA and DHA. The pcRPIs exhibited a higher surface hydrophobicity, water/oil holding capacity and emulsifying ability than those of the pcRs. Moreover, pcRPIs had a better oil holding capacity and emulsifying ability than soy protein isolate. These results suggest that protein isolates and lipids can be simultaneously extracted by saline and acidic solutions, and pcRPIs and pcRLs can be used as functional materials in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]