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Takayuki Kunisawa,1 Akio Yamagishi,2 Manabu Suno,3 Susumu Nakade,4 Naoki Honda,4 Atsushi Kurosawa,2 Ami Sugawara,2 Yoshikazu Tasaki,5 Hiroshi Iwasaki2 1Surgical Operation Department, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan; 2Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan; 3Department of Oncology Pharmaceutical Care and Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; 4Pharmacokinetic Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan; 5Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan Purpose: We previously determined the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of landiolol in healthy male volunteers and gynecological patients. In this study, we determined the PK parameters of landiolol in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Methods: Eight patients scheduled to undergo peripheral arterial surgery were enrolled in the study. After inducing anesthesia, landiolol hydrochloride was administered at target plasma concentrations of 500 and 1,000 ng/mL for 30 minutes each. A total of 112 data points of plasma concentration were collected from the patients and used for the population PK analysis. A population PK model was developed using a nonlinear mixed-effect modeling software program (NONMEM).Results: The patients had markedly decreased heart rates at 2 minutes after initiation of landiolol hydrochloride administration; however, systolic blood pressures were lower than the baseline values at only five time points. The concentration time course of landiolol was best described by a two-compartment model with lag time. The estimates of PK parameters were as follows: total body clearance, 30.7 mL/min/kg; distribution volume of the central compartment, 65.0 mL/kg; intercompartmental clearance, 48.3 mL/min/kg; distribution volume of the peripheral compartment, 54.4 mL/kg; and lag time, 0.633 minutes. The predictive performance of this model was better than that of the previous model.Conclusion: The PK parameters of landiolol were best described by a two-compartment model with lag time. Distribution volume of the central compartment and total body clearance of landiolol in patients with peripheral arterial disease were approximately 64% and 84% of those in healthy volunteers, respectively. Keywords: landiolol hydrochloride, pharmacokinetics, target-controlled infusion, peripheral arterial disease, TCI, pharmacokinetic parameters, PAD

When a currenty-carrying wire is placed in a transverse magnetic field, a macroscopic force and a transverse Hall electric field are generatae. An experimental and theoretical study of the role of the Hall electric field on the generation of the force on the current-carrying wire was conducted employing single-carrier, conventional bipolar type conductors, and unusual bipolar type conductors, in which an approximately zero Hall electric field is expected. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the collisions of the carrier wiht the ions solely contribute to the Lorentz force transmission mechanism in the unusual bipolar type conductors, whereas the action of collisions of the carrier with ions as well as the action of the Hall electric field on the lattice ions is responsible for transmission of the Lorentz force in the unusual bipolar conductors. A sel-consistent treatment of the generation of the Hall electric field is given. [DOI: 10.1119/1.3263818]

The effect of ion irradiation (B(super +), Cr(super +), Ga(super +), and Nb(super +)) on the crystalline structure and magnetic properties of L1(sub 0) (face-centered tetragonal structure) FePt films is investigated. Irradiating with Cr(super +), Ga (super +), and Nb(super +) ions of less than 1 at. %(1.6 x 10(super 15) ions/cm(super 2)) dose yielded an almost ideal structural transition from the L1(super 0) to A1 (face-centered cubic structure) phase withoutdamage to the surface of the film.

Perpendicular recording has been studied using ring heads for read and write as a start for practical use. It was confirmed that an areal recording density of 1 Gbit/[in.sup.2] could be achieved by using a MIG type ring bead for recording and a narrow gap ring head for reproducing combined with a single layer Co-Cr system alloy medium with a thin soft magnetic backlayer. Improvement in overwrite properties with the backlayer and noise reduction by increasing the Cr content are discussed. It is concluded that it would be possible to realize a 10 Gbit/[in.sup.2] recording system by perpendicular recording by using a high resolution MR head without any fundamental changes in the medium.