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Based on the National Survey on Social Relations (ENRS), the present article analyses Argentinians’ close environments (CE), which are defined as the relationships that they consider closest. Their composition is described, as well as their degrees of homophily and isomorphism. Furthermore, a typology is built that combines the type of bond between individuals (egos) with the members of their CEs and the type of relationship they establish with each other. It also explores the prevalence of each type according to age, gender, class and place of residence of the egos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo, basado en la Encuesta Nacional sobre Relaciones Sociales (ENRS), presenta un análisis de los entornos cercanos (EC) de los argentinos, definidos como el conjunto de relaciones que consideran más próximas. Se describe su composición y se analizan sus grados de homofilia e isomorfismo. Por otra parte, se construye una tipología que combina el tipo de vínculo de los individuos (egos) con los miembros de sus EC, el tipo de relación que establecen entre sí, y se explora la prevalencia de cada tipo de acuerdo con la edad, el género, la clase y el lugar de residencia de los egos.

Copyright of Estudios Sociológicos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Investigamos la microestructura de un conjunto de redes sociales urbanas en línea conformada por cientos de páginas de Facebook a lo largo de un año de muestreo en una ciudad argentina. Exploramos la relación entre el censo de tríadas obtenido para cada red y diversas variables estructurales de la misma. De ese modo asociamos microestructura con la macroestructura de las mismas en un contexto en línea. Encontramos que las tríadas transitivas se encuentran con mayor probabilidad en las redes o agrupamientos más activos y recíprocos. Asimismo, la preeminencia de transitividad emerge en redes asortativas.

Copyright of Redes is the property of Redes-Revista Hispana para el Analisis de Redes Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades, Intituto de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Austral de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo caracteriza el fenómeno de la homofilia en la formación de vínculos de confianza entre personas mapuche y no-mapuches. Para este estudio se usó la encuesta CEP 2016 que consta de una muestra representativa de la población mapuche y una muestra espejo de población no-mapuche. Se aplicaron modelos de regresión logística caso-control para datos ego-centrados el cual permite revisar la tasa absoluta de interacción entre grupos sociodemográficos, así como la tasa de contacto en relación con un modelo en base a expectativas al azar. Los resultados muestran que las personas no-mapuche tienden a ser mucho más homofílicas en comparación a las personas mapuche. Se discuten las implicancias de estos hallazgos en relación con las políticas de cohesión social y la importancia de los vínculos familiares en el caso de las comunidades mapuche.

Copyright of Management & Organization Review is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En este documento desarrollo un breve ejercicio de autoevaluación de mi red personal para ilustrar algunas de las técnicas de análisis de redes personales más prácticas y eficientes. Concretamente, analizamos las funciones ejercidas por el núcleo de proveedores de apoyo, la tendencia a la homofilia en las relaciones entre diferentes subgrupos sociales o demográficos, el grado de estratificación de la red personal, y la construcción de tipologías con muestras de redes personales. El caso analizado muestra que la evaluación de la red personal permite representar los contextos de interacción en los que participa el individuo. A partir del ejemplo se sugieren dos dimensiones clave en la descripción de la red personal, a saber: el grado de cohesión estructural del conjunto y la configuración de los subgrupos que lo componen. Concluimos con una reflexión sobre los usos psicológicos que pueden derivarse de la evaluación de las redes personales.

This paper deals with how to recognise if the patterns of homophily found in a social network are resilient to small disturbances that may occur in that network. Data from a survey of students in a secondary school in the Canary Islands were replicated using an agent-based model. The model calculated homophily indices and their statistical significance and then simulated small alterations in the distribution of links. The results clearly show that some homophily indices resist these kinds of perturbations and others do not. Evidence suggests that the distribution of individuals across the social network communities is a key factor in explaining why certain patterns of relationships are more resilient than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing studies suggest distance decay as an important geographic property of online social networks. Namely, social interactions are more likely to occur among people who are closer in physical space. Limited effort has been devoted so far, however, to quantifying the impact of homophily forces on social network structures. In this study, we provide a quantitative understanding of the joint impact of geographic distance and people's socioeconomic characteristics on their interaction patterns. By coupling large-scale mobile phone, income, and housing price data sets in Singapore, we reconstruct a spatially embedded social network that captures the cell phone communications of millions of phone users in the city. By associating phone users with their estimated residence, we introduce two indicators (communication intensity and friendship probability) to examine the cell phone interactions among places with various housing price values. Our findings suggest that, after controlling for distance, similar places tend to have relatively higher communication intensity than dissimilar ones, confirming a significant homophily effect as a determinant of communication intensity. When the analysis is focused on the formation of social ties, though, the homophily effect is more nuanced. It persists at relatively short distances, whereas at higher distances a tendency to form ties with people in the highest social classes prevails. Overall, the results reported in this study have implications for understanding social segregation in cities. In particular, the physical separation of social groups in a city (e.g., residential segregation) will have a direct impact on shaping communication or social network segregation. The study highlights the importance of incorporating socioeconomic data into the understanding of spatial social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to understanding the online echo chamber phenomenon through a study of Twitter and smear campaigns against two candidates during the 2019 Medellin, Colombia, local elections. Applying a multi-method approach that combines social network analysis (sna), content analysis, and computational methods, this study investigates, empirically, the emergence of two echo chambers on the Colombian twitters phere, and characterizes their structures, information flow dynamics, and the political ideology of their members. The Colombian context of ideological polarization, with a society divided around the peace accords, provides a favorable climate for the emergence of these two echo chambers, the circulation of disinformation, and the development of smear campaigns during the period of democratic elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Sociología is the property of Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Networks are an important part of the environmental policy process as they influence the ability of actors to synthesize information and learn to manage complex risks. According to the Advocacy Coalition Framework, the dynamics of policy network formation lead to structures exhibiting belief‐oriented segregation—that is, a high correspondence between shared beliefs and policy‐relevant interactions. These structures may be produced through at least two pathways: belief homophily, where actors actively seek out connections with others sharing their belief system, and policy‐oriented learning, where connected actors become more similar in their beliefs. The cross‐sectional design of much policy research does not allow an examination of these potentially complementary forces that shape belief systems and networks. These dynamics are studied using data on policy beliefs and networking in the U.S. environmental risk policy subsystem across two time periods, 1985 and 2000 (N = 223). Results indicate strong homophily effects, but relatively weak learning effects in the evolution of this policy network. This study helps pave the way for additional research on the dynamics shaping policy networks and beliefs, and helps to clarify the differences between individual versus organizational contributions to policy network evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Redes is the property of Redes-Revista Hispana para el Analisis de Redes Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alternativas: Cuadernos de Trabajo Social is the property of Alternativas: Cuadernos de Trabajo Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sosiologia is the property of Westermarck Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study modelled the online environmental factors that drive news sharing behaviour, using social capital theory (SCT). An online survey was used to obtain data from 385 WhatsApp users in Nigeria, analysed with structural equation modelling-partial least squares (PLS). The study's results suggest that social interaction ties, sense of belonging, reciprocity, homophily and trust positively predict news sharing behaviour. Specifically, social interaction ties was the strongest predictor of news sharing behaviour followed by sense of belonging and reciprocity. This study also found a positive association between age and news sharing and a non-significant association with gender. Hence, news sharing should also be viewed as a form of social cohesion from the relational communication perspective. This study has some interesting implications for theoretical advancement. Firstly, it extends the motivations for news sharing beyond the predominant personal motivations highlighted in the literature. Secondly, it contributes to social capital theory by incorporating homophily to form the cognitive aspect of social capital. Thirdly, it extends the application of SCT to comprehend news sharing behaviour on social media platforms (SMPs). Finally, it explores news sharing behaviour beyond the predominant Asian, European and US contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El Mediterráneo es una de las rutas migratorias más mortíferas del mundo y se ha convertido una vez más en centro de la polémica en relación a la actuación del buque humanitario Open Arms. Este buque, tras rescatar migrantes del mar, estuvo en travesía durante diecinueve días, bloqueado institucionalmente y envuelto en disputas diplomáticas en la Unión Europea. Como reacción, la ciudadanía, distintos actores sociales y la propia ONG Open Arms hicieron uso de Twitter para intercambiar información y expresar opiniones y sentimientos en relación con el fenómeno migratorio. En este artículo se analizan pautas de conectividad e interacción de los usuarios de Twitter en torno al hashtag #Openarms. Tras recoger muestras masivas de tuits con técnicas de extracción, se identificaron los actores sociales con mayor liderazgo mediante análisis de redes sociales. Se han detectado comunidades por medio del algoritmo de modularidad, cuyo contenido ha sido interpretado mediante netnografía. Los resultados evidencian cómo los usuarios de Twitter tienden a congregarse con quienes comparten sus mismas creencias, formándose las denominadas cámaras eco. La interacción en base a este suceso despertó estados emocionales colectivos que dieron lugar a burbujas filtro que potenciaron la desinformación y la polarización entre comunidades.

El presente artículo caracteriza los niveles de homofilia en Chile, es decir, la tendencia a que las relaciones sociales vinculen a personas socialmente similares. El estudio de esta propensión social permite comprender las bases de la cohesión y el conflicto en la sociedad actual. De una parte, la homofilia puede promover la integración social de personas en grupos sociales, pero, de la otra, puede favorecer relaciones cerradas y, con ello, la reproducción de una estructura social rígida y fragmentada. El análisis se basa en modelos log lineales aplicados a datos de redes personales (egocentradas) generados por medio de una encuesta nacional. Con un control por disponibilidad demográfica, los resultados muestran que las relaciones entre los chilenos están fuertemente estructuradas por la edad, la religión y, en un grado algo menor, por la posición política y el nivel educacional. También encontramos marcados niveles de variación intergrupal dentro de cada una de estas categorías sociales. En el caso de la posición política y la religión, la frecuencia de las relaciones sociales intragrupales es mucho menor entre los grupos mayoritarios que entre los grupos minoritarios. En suma, nuestras estimaciones apuntan a que en la sociedad chilena la clausura del grupo es una característica dominante, pero sujeta a variación según la categoría social considerada.

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo estudia la persistencia del desacuerdo en un modelo similar a Melguizo (2019), relajando dos supuestos importantes. Primero, las opiniones iniciales de los individuos son variables aleatorias, y segundo, los individuos pueden tener distintos grados de homofilia. Con respecto a la primera extensión, se encuentra que el desacuerdo persiste con más probabilidad en el atributo que exhibe la mayor media de la distribución de las diferencias en actitudes medias iniciales. Respecto a la segunda, la magnitud del desacuerdo y la velocidad de convergencia en ´el incrementan con respecto al modelo original.

Esta investigacion tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto que las actividades de Responsabilidad Social de las empresas tienen en la Cohesion Social de las comunidades mineras a las que pertenecen. Para tal efecto se ha realizado una investigacion cualitativa que mediante entrevistas semi estructuradas recogio informacion de los beneficiarios directos de los programas de Responsabiliad Social Empresarial. Se ha encontrado que tales programas influyen en el 20% de las variables que explican la Cohesion Social, de manera que el 80% restante no tiene relacion con los programas emprendidos por las empresas, pero si con actividades de homofilia. Las empresas deben replantearse las estrategias que realizan en materia de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial para influir plenamente en la Cohesion social, asi mismo incluir en sus estrategias el concepto deontologico de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. Abstract This research aims to analyze the impact that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities have on the Social Cohesion (CS) of the mining communities to which they belong. For this purpose, qualitative research has been carried out which, through semi­structured interviews, collected information from the direct beneficiaries of CSR programmes. Such programmes have been found to influence 20% of the CS variables, so that the remaining 80% is unrelated to the programmes undertaken by companies, but with homophilia activities. Companies should rethink csr strategies to fully influence the CS, as well as include the ethical concept of CSR in their strategies.

This paper further studies the persistence of disagreement in a model similar to Melguizo (2019), by relaxing two essential assumptions. First, attitudes are random variables, and second, individuals may be homophilous at different extents. Regarding the first extension, the finding is that disagreement persists with the highest probability across the attribute that exhibits the highest mean of the distribution of initial differences in average attitudes. Regarding the second one, the finding is that the magnitude of disagreement and the speed of convergence to it, increase with respect to the case in which individuals are homophilous to the same extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural analysis is applied in this research to evaluate the sociopolitical personal networks of 51 Colombians youths linked to student organizations at university level. Networks are cohesive, showing high levels of density (.53) and transitivity (.78), includes 4 clusters on average, are formed by friends (81%) and in a lesser degree by relatives (13%). Homophily based on sex, age and educative level seem to play a key role in shaping networks structure.

The study examines patterns of state partnerships by analyzing global networks of diplomatic missions during the period of 1817-2015. The paper begins with the assumption that a mechanism called selection pressure drives decisions over establishing new diplomatic missions, which pressure highly influences the establishment procedure of representations and the partnership structure that the new accreditations develop. According to the first hypothesis, as a result of the selection pressure, states delegate larger proportion of missions to the central actors of the diplomatic sphere, indicating the presence of preferential attachment mechanism known from network theory. The second hypothesis, by contrast, is based on the assumption that, when establishing representations, states choose to delegate diplomatic missions to partners who share the same attributes. The study verifies the first hypothesis: Selection procedures detected that the majority of new states entering the diplomatic sphere preferred to establish diplomatic missions in countries with a high number of foreign representations. The second hypothesis may be partially verified, although the applied methodology detected link formations based on similarity to similarity relationships, the extent does not exceed the predetermined minimum value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dolgozatom ötletét Albert Fruzsina és Dávid Beáta Embert barátjáról – A barátság szociológiája című könyve adta. Arra vagyok kíváncsi, hogy a társadalmi tőke jellegzetes formája, a barátság hogyan jelenik meg és milyen jelentéssel bír a csíkszeredai Sapientia és a budapesti ELTE alapképzésben résztvevő hallgatóinak körében. Kvalitatív módszerként a fókuszcsoportos interjút választottam. Bár a két helyszín összehasonlításától nagyobb kontrasztokat vártam, azt találtam, hogy a barátság a megkérdezett fiatalok körében univerzális érték.

La investigación sobre la conversación política online ha estado muy influenciada por la teoría deliberativa, como resultado del optimismo depositado originalmente en Internet para revolucionar la política. Sin embargo, dos décadas de investigación empírica señalan que estas interacciones comunicativas informales difícilmente se parecen a los ideales deliberativos. En este estudio exploramos si internautas de Facebook que comparten posturas ideológicas presentan una mayor probabilidad de a) justificar sus puntos de vista y b) interactuar entre ellos. Aplicamos el análisis de contenido a una muestra de 2.800 comentarios publicados en los muros de los cuatro principales partidos españoles durante las Elecciones Generales de 2015. Los resultados muestran que la homofilia se relaciona negativamente con la argumentación y la interacción comunicativa. Es el electorado de otras organizaciones quien con más probabilidad razona sus opiniones, mientras que aquellos con puntos de vista neutros son más proclives a la interacción. Research on online political talk has been overwhelmingly influenced by deliberative theory, as a result of the big hopes originally placed on the Internet capacity to revolutionize politics. However, two decades of empirical research point out that these informal communicative interactions hardly resemble deliberative ideals. In this study, we explore if Facebook contributors who share ideological stances are more likely to a) justify their points of view and b) interact with each other. We apply content analysis to a sample of 2,800 comments published on the Facebook walls of the four mayor Spanish political parties during General Election campaign 2015. Findings show that homophily is negatively related to both argumentation and interaction. It is the outsiders who are much more likely to reason their opinions, while it is those who hold neutral views who are more inclined towards interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses matched survey and administrative data on first-year Economics students who were studying at the Javeriana University in Bogotá, Colombia, in 2015 in order to estimate peer effects on student grades. We employ the strategy proposed by De Giorgi, Pellizzari & Redaelli (2010) to identify and estimate these peer effects. Our results show that peer effects are economically significant in their context, that they result from the sharing of specific rather than general skills among peers, and that they flow mainly from peers with whom students interact frequently and who are considered to be leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este trabajo se presenta una primera aproximación al análisis de las relaciones de amistad recíprocas de niños y niñas en situación de rechazo al comienzo de la escolarización primaria. El eje central del trabajo es confirmar la hipótesis de la similitud conductual de las amistades contrastando una muestra de 111 niños rechazados y 111 niños promedios. Las variables de conducta social que se utilizan para estudiar la similitud en la conducta son habilidades sociales, agresión directa, agresión social, hiperactividad y retraimiento. Casi una tercera parte de los niños rechazados no tienen relación recíproca de amistad. Los amigos de los rechazados tienen puntuaciones más bajas en habilidades sociales y más altas en todas las dificultades conductuales. Entre los promedios de contraste también se encuentra relación entre la propia conducta y la de los amigos, aunque no para todas las variables. Existe una relación significativa entre la conducta social negativa de los niños y niñas rechazados y sus amigos. La hipótesis de la homofilia conductual se confirma, no así la segunda hipótesis formulada que hace referencia a una mayor similitud conductual entre los rechazados y sus amigos.

Copyright of EDUKACJA Quarterly is the property of Educational Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes in depth the network of popularity among classmates and the connections that this phenomenon maintains with different kinds of relationships (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative) that take place within the classroom. We use Social Network Analysis (SNA) to identify interaction contexts in the classroom. Different kinds of relationships in 20 classrooms from two secondary schools located in the suburban area of Mexico City were assessed. The research data was provided by 660 students (67% girls; 33% boys). Cohesion measures were calculated for positive, neutral, negative, and popularity networks. Cluster analysis shows two profiles based on structural properties of the networks that we have called “Neutral Symmetric” and “Positive Asymmetric”. The first one presents low homophily relative to sex, predominance of positive and neutral relationships, and a significant level of negative links. The second profile presents a heterogeneous distribution according to sex, high homophily and high rates of cohesion in positive relationships. Regression analysis shows that the number of students per class is negatively related to the positive network density, and positively related to the negative network density. The simultaneous comparison of multiple networks shows that popularity is associated with being immersed in positive relationships. By contrast, the data suggest certain incompatibility between being popular and being immersed in negative relationships. The findings are discussed in order to improve school life and public policies in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of América Latina Hoy is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)