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Mata Menge is located near the northwestern margin of the So'a Basin, a ~400[km.sup.2] geological depression in central Flores (Fig. 1). The basement substrate consists of the Ola Kile Formation [...], Recent excavations at the early Middle Pleistocene site of Mata Menge in the So'a Basin of central Flores, Indonesia, have yielded hominin fossils (1) attributed to a population ancestral to Late Pleistocene Homo floresiensis (2). Here we describe the age and context of the Mata Menge hominin specimens and associated archaeological findings. The fluvial sandstone layer from which the in situ fossils were excavated in 2014 was deposited in a small valley stream around 700 thousand years ago, as indicated by [sup.40]Ar/[sup.39]Ar and fission track dates on stratigraphically bracketing volcanic ash and pyroclastic density current deposits, in combination with coupled uranium-series and electron spin resonance dating of fossil teeth. Palaeoenvironmental data indicate a relatively dry climate in the So'a Basin during the early Middle Pleistocene, while various lines of evidence suggest the hominins inhabited a savannah-like open grassland habitat with a wetland component. The hominin fossils occur alongside the remains of an insular fauna and a simple stone technology that is markedly similar to that associated with Late Pleistocene H. floresiensis.

Homo floresiensis, a primitive hominin species discovered in Late Pleistocene sediments at Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia (1-3)), has generated wide interest and scientific debate. A major reason this taxon is [...]

More than a decade after the discovery that a diminutive relative of modern humans once lived on the Indonesian island of Flores, Gerrit van den Bergh was losing faith that [...]

Author(s): Michael Hopkin Author Affiliations: They may have been tiny, but the hobbits of the Indonesian island of Flores are still the focus of the biggest controversy in anthropology. The [...], Tiny toolmaker or microcephalic? The 'hobbit' debate continues.