5 results on '"Holshue M"'
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2. COVID-19 Outbreak Among Farmworkers - Okanogan County, Washington, May-August 2020.
- Author
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Miller JS, Holshue M, Dostal TKH, Newman LP, and Lindquist S
- Subjects
- COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 transmission, COVID-19 Testing statistics & numerical data, Humans, Incidence, Physical Distancing, Risk Factors, Washington epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Farmers statistics & numerical data, Occupational Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Okanogan County, Washington, experienced increased community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, during summer 2020 (1). Multiple COVID-19 outbreaks occurred in agricultural settings, including a large outbreak among employees of a fruit grower during May-August. Because of this outbreak, Okanogan County Public Health and the Washington State Department of Health initiated one-time, on-site screening testing (2) of all orchard and warehouse employees in August 2020 and assessed risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among 3,708 known orchard employees, a valid SARS-CoV-2 test result or information on COVID-19-like symptoms in the absence of a test was available for 3,013 (81%). Cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during approximately 3 months among tested orchard employees was 6%. Cumulative incidence was 12% in employees residing in the community, compared with 4% in employees residing in farmworker housing (p<0.001); point prevalence during the single screening testing event was 1% in both groups. Among 1,247 known warehouse employees, a valid result was available for 726 (58%). Cumulative incidence over approximately 3 months among tested warehouse employees was 23%, with substantial variation across job roles. Positive test results were received by 28% of employees who worked packing and sorting fruit, 24% of those in other roles in the packing and sorting area, 10% of forklift operators, 7% of employees in other warehouse roles, and 6% of office employees. Point prevalence among all warehouse workers was 1% at the screening testing event. Collaboration among employers, community groups, and public health authorities can reveal risk factors and help decrease farmworkers' risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community and the workplace. Creation of a COVID-19 assessment and control plan by agricultural employers, with particular focus on indoor workers whose jobs limit physical distancing, could reduce workplace transmission., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States.
- Author
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Burke RM, Balter S, Barnes E, Barry V, Bartlett K, Beer KD, Benowitz I, Biggs HM, Bruce H, Bryant-Genevier J, Cates J, Chatham-Stephens K, Chea N, Chiou H, Christiansen D, Chu VT, Clark S, Cody SH, Cohen M, Conners EE, Dasari V, Dawson P, DeSalvo T, Donahue M, Dratch A, Duca L, Duchin J, Dyal JW, Feldstein LR, Fenstersheib M, Fischer M, Fisher R, Foo C, Freeman-Ponder B, Fry AM, Gant J, Gautom R, Ghinai I, Gounder P, Grigg CT, Gunzenhauser J, Hall AJ, Han GS, Haupt T, Holshue M, Hunter J, Ibrahim MB, Jacobs MW, Jarashow MC, Joshi K, Kamali T, Kawakami V, Kim M, Kirking HL, Kita-Yarbro A, Klos R, Kobayashi M, Kocharian A, Lang M, Layden J, Leidman E, Lindquist S, Lindstrom S, Link-Gelles R, Marlow M, Mattison CP, McClung N, McPherson TD, Mello L, Midgley CM, Novosad S, Patel MT, Pettrone K, Pillai SK, Pray IW, Reese HE, Rhodes H, Robinson S, Rolfes M, Routh J, Rubin R, Rudman SL, Russell D, Scott S, Shetty V, Smith-Jeffcoat SE, Soda EA, Spitters C, Stierman B, Sunenshine R, Terashita D, Traub E, Vahey GM, Verani JR, Wallace M, Westercamp M, Wortham J, Xie A, Yousaf A, and Zahn M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Betacoronavirus isolation & purification, COVID-19, Child, Coronavirus Infections diagnosis, Coronavirus Infections virology, Family Characteristics, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral diagnosis, Pneumonia, Viral virology, SARS-CoV-2, Travel-Related Illness, United States, Young Adult, Contact Tracing, Coronavirus Infections transmission, Pneumonia, Viral transmission
- Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and has since become pandemic. In response to the first cases identified in the United States, close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases were investigated to enable early identification and isolation of additional cases and to learn more about risk factors for transmission. Close contacts of nine early travel-related cases in the United States were identified and monitored daily for development of symptoms (active monitoring). Selected close contacts (including those with exposures categorized as higher risk) were targeted for collection of additional exposure information and respiratory samples. Respiratory samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Four hundred four close contacts were actively monitored in the jurisdictions that managed the travel-related cases. Three hundred thirty-eight of the 404 close contacts provided at least basic exposure information, of whom 159 close contacts had ≥1 set of respiratory samples collected and tested. Across all actively monitored close contacts, two additional symptomatic COVID-19 cases (i.e., secondary cases) were identified; both secondary cases were in spouses of travel-associated case patients. When considering only household members, all of whom had ≥1 respiratory sample tested for SARS-CoV-2, the secondary attack rate (i.e., the number of secondary cases as a proportion of total close contacts) was 13% (95% CI: 4-38%). The results from these contact tracing investigations suggest that household members, especially significant others, of COVID-19 cases are at highest risk of becoming infected. The importance of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers is also underlined. Isolation of persons with COVID-19, in combination with quarantine of exposed close contacts and practice of everyday preventive behaviors, is important to mitigate spread of COVID-19., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Active Monitoring of Persons Exposed to Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 - United States, January-February 2020.
- Author
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Burke RM, Midgley CM, Dratch A, Fenstersheib M, Haupt T, Holshue M, Ghinai I, Jarashow MC, Lo J, McPherson TD, Rudman S, Scott S, Hall AJ, Fry AM, and Rolfes MA
- Subjects
- COVID-19, China epidemiology, Contact Tracing, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Humans, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, Travel-Related Illness, United States epidemiology, Betacoronavirus isolation & purification, Coronavirus Infections diagnosis, Coronavirus Infections virology, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data, Public Health Surveillance
- Abstract
In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, began in Wuhan, China (1). The disease spread widely in China, and, as of February 26, 2020, COVID-19 cases had been identified in 36 other countries and territories, including the United States. Person-to-person transmission has been widely documented, and a limited number of countries have reported sustained person-to-person spread.* On January 20, state and local health departments in the United States, in collaboration with teams deployed from CDC, began identifying and monitoring all persons considered to have had close contact
† with patients with confirmed COVID-19 (2). The aims of these efforts were to ensure rapid evaluation and care of patients, limit further transmission, and better understand risk factors for transmission., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Notes from the Field: Community Outbreak of Measles - Clark County, Washington, 2018-2019.
- Author
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Carlson A, Riethman M, Gastañaduy P, Lee A, Leung J, Holshue M, DeBolt C, and Melnick A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Measles virus isolation & purification, Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine administration & dosage, Travel-Related Illness, Washington epidemiology, Young Adult, Disease Outbreaks, Measles epidemiology
- Abstract
Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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