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One of the most delicate operations in the sugar beet harvesting process is removing the tops from the heads of the root crops without any mechanical damages. The aim of this study is to improve the design of the conveying and unloading system of the sugar beet topper machine. In this paper, a mathematical model of the motion of a cut beet tops particle M, along the conveying and unloading system, has been developed to support the evaluation of kinematic and design parameters, depending on the rotational speed of the thrower blade, the air flow speed, the required ejection speed of particle M, and the position of the trailer that moves alongside the harvester. It has been established that increasing the speed Va of the top particle M, which has left the end of the blade of the thrower, leads to an increase in the arc coordinate S(t) of its movement along the cylindrical section of the casing. Within the range of the speed change from 4 m·s–1 to 8 m·s–1, the value of the arc coordinate S(t) increases by 1.4 times during time t = 0.006 s. Moreover, a rapid decrease in speed V is observed with an increase in the length x of the discharge chute.

Стаття присвячена аналізу мирової угоди в праві Стародавнього Риму. Стверджується, що в додержавний період існували два способи вирішення конфліктів: насильницький та при­мирення, а з появою держави додався третій: судочинство. Примирення виступало джерелом інституту мирової угоди в римському праві. Вка­зується, що примирення тривалий час не мало законодавчого оформлення і тільки в період Юстиніана, зокрема в Дигестах, отримало своє нормативне вираження у вигляді мирової угоди. Зазначається, що саме в Стародавньому Римі цей інститут отримав вперше своє законодавче оформлення. Досліджується етимологія терміну, який по­значав мирову угоду в Стародавньому Римі: «transactio». Він показує, що transactio розгля­далася як альтернатива позову («action»), пе­репона для нього. Автором цитуються та аналізуються Дигести Юстиніана, щоб розібратися з юридичною при­родою мирової угоди в праві Стародавнього Риму та умовами її укладення. Робиться висно­вок про комплексну природу мирової угоди, в якій проявляється як матеріально-правовийJ так і процесуальний аспект. Процесуальність мирової угоди в римському праві виражається у тому, що вона припиняє судовий спір, не дозво­ляє повторно подавати тотожний позов, затвер­джується судовим чиновником (претором). Аналізуються умови мирової угоди в рим­ському праві, без яких неможлива її юридична дія: 1) неочевидність вирішення спору про пра­во; 2) взаємність поступок; 3) домовленість по мировій угоді має бути вільною; 4) умови миро­вої угоди не повинні були порушувати права та інтереси третіх осіб, які не виступали стороною в мировій угоді; 5) мирова угода повинна була затверджуватися судовим чиновником. Звертається увага на особливості виконання мирової угоди в давньоримський період та не­гативні наслідки, які настають при відсутності добровільного виконання мирової угоди. Наводяться приклади із сучасного законо­давства різноманітних країн Європи, де були втілені положення давньоримського інституту мирової угоди, що свідчить про їх актуальність донині.

Abstract Introduction Approximately one-third of psoriasis cases present in the first two decades of life. Many psoriasis treatments are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for adults, including topical agents, systemic non-biologic agents, and systemic biologic agents. Only a handful of psoriasis treatments are FDA approved for children. Given the constantly evolving landscape of pediatric psoriasis management, our aim is to characterize how children with psoriasis are treated in the U.S. Methods Data from the 2003–2016 and 2018 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) were used to evaluate patient demographics and treatment patterns for visits of children with psoriasis. Visits were stratified by those with a diagnosis of psoriasis and those for children with a diagnosis of psoriasis. Separate analyses for visits of children with a diagnosis of psoriasis were performed, including for sex, race, ethnicity, age, specialty of provider seen, and medications prescribed. Results Pediatric psoriasis visits accounted for 3.3% of visits with psoriasis from 2003 to 2016 and in 2018; about one-third of those visits were to primary care providers. Children with psoriasis were prescribed a variety of topical and systemic medications, of which the most frequently prescribed treatments were topical tacrolimus, followed by topical clobetasol and topical betamethasone dipropionate or betamethasone valerate. Etanercept was the only biologic prescribed to children. At least 59% of the visits for children with a diagnosis of psoriasis included a topical prescription while at least 5.3% of the visits included a systemic prescription. Conclusion Use of off-label treatments was common for pediatric psoriasis. Most children with psoriasis were treated with topicals, of which tacrolimus, an unapproved treatment, was the most common. The frequent use of tacrolimus could indicate an avoidance of corticosteroids in children.

A series of compounds containing heterocyclic cores and gem-difluorocycloalkyl substituents was obtained under conditions of the parallel synthesis (i.e., simultaneous performance of reaction procedures, treatment of the reaction mixture, and product isolation for a number of similar transformations) using the reductive amination – the “Nitrogen deletion” reaction sequence. The synthesis of the target compounds commenced from heteroaromatic aldehydes and the corresponding gem-difluorocycloalkyl or (gem-difluorocycloalkyl)methyl amines and included the NaBH3CN-mediated reductive amination and “Nitrogen deletion” upon the action of Levin’s anomeric amide. It has been shown that the method can be used to obtain compounds with the aforementioned structural fragments separated by one or two methylene units. The developed protocol allowed for the preparation of a 12-member compound library (67 % synthetic efficiency). Therefore, this novel synthetic methodology is suitable for decorating heterocyclic cores with sp3-enriched substituents that are attractive for medicinal chemistry.

In the conditions of modern man-caused pollution of the environment, environmental problems, as well as improving the quality of livestock products and their food safety, are important and relevant issues today. The study aimed to investigate the effect of the “Metisevit Plus” feed additive on bull blood's morphological and biochemical parameters under lead-cadmium loading conditions. The research was conducted based on the agricultural private enterprise “Ukraine” of Dubrovytsia district of Rivne region on 12 bulls of six months of age, Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, which was formed into two groups of 6 animals each. The bulls of the control group were on a standard diet. The bulls of the experimental group were fed the feed additive “Metisevit Plus” at a dose of 0.5 g/kg of feed. This farm has a high content of lead and cadmium in feed. According to the results of experimental studies, it was found that the feed additive “Metisevit Plus” is effective under lead-cadmium load in bulls. Administration of this feed additive to experimental animals helps restore their suppressed hematopoietic function; the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in their blood increased by 25.3 and 19.4 %, and the number of leukocytes decreased by 12.4 %, respectively. Metisevit Plus feed additive also enhanced the functional state and protein-synthesizing function of the liver of bulls under artificial conditions. When feeding the feed additive “Metisevit Plus”, a decrease in the activity of both alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the serum of bulls of the experimental group was found. On day 40 of the experiment, it was found that the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase in the serum of bulls of the experimental group fluctuated within physiological values. When a “Metisevit-Plus” feed additive is added to the diet, there is a tendency to increase the total protein level in bulls of the experimental group. In the study of the albumin level in the blood of bulls of the experimental group, its probable increase was found starting from the 10th day of the experiment. On the 30th and 40th day of the experiment, the albumin level in the blood of bulls in the experimental group was the highest, whereas compared to the control group, it increased by 15.4 and 17.0 %, respectively. Our studies confirm the feasibility of using the feed additive “Metisevit Plus” to prevent lead-cadmium toxicosis.

Стаття присвячена висвітленню юридичної природи нормативних договорів у сфері приватного права. Стверджується, що в економічній та соціальній сфері часто практикується регламентація суспільних відносин на підставі нормативних договорів, відмінних від норм закону. Відзначається, що за своєю природою нормативний договір виражає узгоджувальну волю двох або більше сторін до встановлення, зміни та припинення їхніх прав та обов'язків, до здійснення або утримання від скоєння певних юридичних дій. На прикладах з галузей матеріального розкривається природа нормативних договорів. Основна увага в статті приділена колективним договорам та колективним угодам в трудовому праві. Розкривається історія їх появи та сфера застосування. Робиться висновок, що причиною їх появи в галузі трудового права стала необхідність врегулювання конфронтації між роботодавцями та працівниками у сфері регулювання трудових відносин. За своєю структурою положення колективних договорів можуть бути поділені на нормативні та зобов’язальні. Власне нормативні положення являють собою локальні норми з основних питань праці, її оплати, умов і охорони праці, соціально-побутових питань. Саме тому, не весь зміст колективних договорів має нормативний характер. Розкриваючи значення нормативних договорів у сфері приватного права, звертається увага на типові та примірні договори у цивільному та господарському праві. Не дивлячись на поширену в теорії приватного права позицію про віднесення типових та примірних договорів до джерел права, відзначається, що з позиції загальної теорії нормативного договору вважати типові або примірні договори різновидом нормативного договору не можна. Обґрунтовується дане твердження тим, що типові та примірні договори розробляються та вступають в юридичну силу на підставі одностороннього правового акту (наприклад, підзаконного акту Кабінету Міністрів України), в той час як нормативний договір це завжди двостороння (або багатостороння) домовленість суб'єктів права. Робиться висновок про необхідність подальшого дослідження проблем застосування нормативних договорів у сфері приватного права, оскільки перед іншими джерелами галузей приватного права нормативний договір виступає не просто способом регулювання суспільних відносин, а способом їх саморегуляції.

Стаття присвячена аналізу взаємодії інституту притулку та інституту біженців у міжнародному та національному праві. Вказується, що на су- часному етапі особливого значення набуває про- блема забезпечення реалізації та захисту прав і свобод осіб, які були змушені покинути тери- торію держави своєї громадянської належності або попереднього місця проживання і шукати притулку в інших країнах. Тим часом інститут притулку та інститут біженців виникли саме для врегулювання подібних питань, бо виконують функцію механізму захисту порушених із боку держави громадянських прав і свобод людини. Аналізуються міжнародні конвенції, які рег- ламентують критерії визначення особи біжен- цем (Статут Міжнародної організації у справах біженців, Конвенція Організації Об’єднаних На- цій про статус біженців, Протокол щодо статусу біженців тощо), а також національна практика країн стосовно надання особі притулку та стату- су біженця (Закон України «Про правовий ста- тус іноземців та осіб без громадянства», Закон України «Про біженців та осіб, які потребують додаткового або тимчасового захисту» тощо). Стверджується, що інститут притулку дуже схожий до інституту біженців, що позначається на ставленні до цих двох інститутів тих чи ін- ших вчених. Вказується, що одна група науков- ців вважає, що інститут притулку отримав свою конкретизацію в інституті біженців, а тому має з ним співвідноситися як ціле до частини від- повідно. З іншого боку, наводяться аргументи другої групи науковців, які цілком справедли- во вказують на необхідності розмежування да- них двох правових інститутів. Право притулку передб ачає право особи на в’їзд, поселення, об- меження вислання й заборону видачі, в той час як статус біженця окрім даних прав також пе- редбачає права у сфері працевлаштування, со- ціального забезпечення тощо. Крім того, приту- лок можуть одержати не лише біженці, оскільки на власний розсуд із міркувань гуманності дер- жава може надавати притулок на своїй терито- рії іншим категоріям осіб, які не підпадають під визначення біженця, що міститься в Конвенції про статус біженці

Стаття присвячена аналізу глобального рівня міжнародної екологічної безпеки. Стверджується, що глобальний рівень міжнародної екологічної безпеки – це такий стан навколишнього природного середовища, при якому забезпечується попередження погіршення екологічної обстановки та виникнення небезпеки для здоров’я людей у масштабах усієї планети. В статті аналізуються основні міжнародні акти, які направлені на регулювання проблем навколишнього природного середовища глобального рівня міжнародної екологічної безпеки: Конвенція про охорону озонового шару та Монреальський протокол до неї про речовини, що руйнують озоновий шар;Рамкова конвенція ООН про зміну клімату і Кіотський протокол до неї про обмеження і скорочення викидів парникових газів, які не регулюються Монреальським протоколом, а також інших речовин, що приводять або можуть привести до змін клімату; Конвенція про біологічне різноманіття та Картахенський протокол про біобезпеку, Нагойський протокол регулювання доступу до генетич- них ресурсів та спільного використання на справедливій та рівній основі вигод від їх застосування, Нагойсько-Куала-Лумпурський Додатковий протокол про відповідальність і відшкодування за шкоду до Картахенського протоколу про біобезпеку; Стокгольмська конвенція про стійкі органічні забруднювачі; Міжнародна угода з тропічної деревини; Міжнародна угода з тропічної деревини; Конвенція Організації Об’єднаних Націй про боротьбу з опустелюванням у тих країнах, що потерпають від серйозної посухи та / або опустелювання, особливо в Африці. Під час аналізу міжнародних актів, які діють на глобальному рівні міжнародної екологічної безпеки звертається увага не тільки на практику іноземних держав щодо виконання положень вказаних конвенцій, але також на вклад України в їх реалізацію. Робиться висновок про необхідність розроблення та схвалення світовою спільнотою певної стратегії, планів дій та невідкладних заходів, що зможуть здійснювати опір небезпечним екологічним ситуаціям або вже ліквідовувати їх наслідки. Особливістю вказаних заходів є їх масштабність: вони повинні здійснюватися заради всієї планети Земля.

A new design of the haulm harvester with an improved loading mechanism has been developed, which is made in the form of a centrifugal thrower that receives the entire volume of the cut sugar beet tops, as well as an unloading pipe, the end of which is at the level of the vehicle, moving beside the haulm harvester. To substantiate the rational parameters of this loading device, a mathematical model of the movement of a particle along the thrower blade and its exit from the blade was developed in order to simulate further movement along the inner surface of the cylindrical part of the casing and its straight part before entering the vehicle. The resulting differential equation for the movement of a haulm particle along the thrower blade takes into account the influence of the airflow created by the rotation of the thrower, the blades of which capture and accelerate the air in the closed space of the cylindrical casing. The indicated differential equation includes the basic design, kinematic, and power parameters affecting the flow of the studied loading process of the tops. The solution of these differential equations on a PC made it possible to obtain graphic dependencies, with the help of which the rational parameters of the working bodies of the loading mechanism of the haulm harvester were substantiated. As calculations show, an increase in the angular velocity of rotation of the thrower and the length of its blade leads to an increase in the absolute velocity of the haulm particle M from the end of the blade. Thus, by increasing the length of the thrower blade from 0.1 m to 0.35 m and its angular velocity from 10 s−1 to 40 s−1, the absolute velocity increases from 1.2 m s−1 to 16 m s−1. At an angular speed of rotation of the thrower equal to 10 s−1, an increase in the airflow velocity from 5 to 35 m s−1 leads to a smooth linear increase in the relative velocity of particle M, as it moves along the blade of 0.67 to 0.78 m s−1. For a higher angular velocity of rotation of the thrower, equal to 20 s−1, the growth curve of the relative velocity of particle M is more intense at an airflow velocity in the range from 5 to 25 m s−1, approaching the linear law at an airflow velocity of more than 25 m s−1. In this case, the relative velocity varies from 0.9 to 1.4 m s−1.

The present research reviews a programme for improving athletes’ technical and tactical preparation with a con- sideration of individual combat style. The program has included training models for each style and has considered the characteristics of the current competitive activities of Greco-Roman wrestlers. Thirty qualified Greco-Roman wrestlers of middle-weight categories have participated in the research. Throughout the experiment (a year-long preparation cycle) the indicators of technical and tactical preparedness of the athletes of the experimental group have improved: the efficiency of defence in stand and ground positions has become higher; the reliability and efficiency of attack and defence actions have increased; the wrestlers have begun to perform a greater number of exercises in stand and ground positions, and to perform successful attacks more often; the interval between the attacks has been shortened. During the experiment, the indicators of technical and tactical preparedness of the athletes of the experimental group have increased from 7.3% to 19.7%, while in the control group from 0.4% to 4.9%. It has been determined that all the considered indicators of the experimental group’s technical and tac- tical preparedness after the experiment are statistically higher (р

The paper provided presents a new design of two-disk wide-row coulter that ensures uniform distribution of seeds to an even bed at the furrow bottom, as well as preserving of optimal distances between the seeds. Seeds fall from the seed tube of coil sowing apparatus onto a metal distribution plate with staggeringly arranged metal pins, which distribute the seeds to furrow bottom surface in a form of separate strips. To substantiate the kinematic and constructive parameters of proposed coulter design, a mathematical model for transport of seeds along the surface of a distribution plate was developed and the Cauchy problem for a system of the second-order quasi-linear differential equations was solved by the finite difference methods using embedded software procedures in mathematical software packages (Mathcad, Maple, etc.). The finite-difference method implementation was carried out using computer software allowing the determination of coordinates of seeds and, if necessary, changing of direction of their movement by adjusting the coulter operation to improve the distribution of seeds to soil in order to reduce the injury to them, which ultimately can contribute to an increased yield. Coverage of the plate surface and distribution pins with a rubber material can also contribute to a significant reduction in seed injury during sowing.

High-quality cutting of beet heads during harvesting reduces the loss of sugar-bearing upper parts of root crops. One of the ways to ensure high quality cutting is to scientifically substantiate the parameters of the machine that harvests the sugar beet leaves; this machine is front-mounted on the tractor’s attachment mechanism. Theoretical calculations established the following. A front-mounted beet topper machine with damping coefficient and the moment of inertia parameters that vary from 0.35 to 1.35 kN s m−1 and from 3000 to 3500 kg m2, respectively, is invariant to the influence of external disturbances in the form of vertical vibrations of the field’s longitudinal profile. These vibrations vary in frequency from 0 to 40 s−1 according to the harmonic function. Setting the tyres stiffness coefficient value of the leaves harvester support-feeler wheels at 315 kN m−1 is characterized by a desirable decrease (up to 41.2%) of the dynamic system’s amplitude–frequency values characteristics when the system is subjected to an external disturbance. With this value of tyre stiffness coefficient, the tyre inflation pressure should not exceed 0.125 MPa.

The purpose of the article is to analyse the current state of the economy, to consider the positive and negative tendencies that stand in the way of further economic growth, and to determine on this basis an effective strategy of economic development in the innovation sphere. The subject of scientific research is innovative approaches in the economic sphere. Methodology. Based on the scientific literature analysis of the current economic situation, strategic priorities and goals of economic development were determined, as well as the dialectical method, method of scientific abstraction, methods of system analysis were used. The results of the research showed that there are a number of key economic problems that slow down the development of the national economy for the implementation of international experience in the development of the national economy. At the same time, Ukraine is trying to overcome the negative trends of the economic crisis by carrying out reforms and adopting appropriate strategies for joining the EU. It has now been found that a complex structural transformation of the economy is needed in order to increase the specific gravity of the high-tech and innovative sectors. Practical implications. The complex analyses of the state and the determinant tendencies of economic development according to the threats and risks including the crisis processes in the modern world were carried out. Determination of the basic principles for formulating and implementing economic development strategy based on coordination of strategic priorities and strategic goals of the EU and the necessity to reform the economic sector in order to develop longterm economic spheres. Value/originality. The realized research revealed the state of development of the economic system, as well as further development of identifying perspective trends of the economy, was received.

Purpose: to analyze the sports achievements of the participants of the European Championships among cadets in women's wrestling for the national team of Ukraine. Material & Methods: analyzed the sports careers of 74 athletes of the Ukrainian team, who took part in the European Championship among cadets from 2000 to 2010, and their further performances to date. Results: the following indicators are considered: the results of the athletes ’performances at the European Championship among cadets; the number of athletes who continued their careers separately in junior and adult years; results of the performance of athletes in junior and adulthood at international competitions. Conclusions: the general trends of the future career and achievements of the athletes of the national team of Ukraine who participated in the European Championships among cadets from 2000 to 2010 are revealed. For athletes established the relationship of their own results at all stages of a sports career. Quantitative data and distribution of characteristics for all 74 participants of the competition are given: 56.8% of female athletes continued their career among adults, and 24.3% took prizes in European and world championships. An outstanding result is emphasized - five athletes managed to take part in the Olympic Games.

Обґрунтовано людиноцентричну сутність економічного розвитку та визначено головні фактори економічного зростання. Проведено аналіз досліджень відомих вчених та практиків щодо визначення первинної ролі людської діяльності. Розкрито ігнорування значущості ролі людських ресурсів в економічних процесах. Встановлено первинність людського фактору в розвитку економіки з точки зору формування соціально орієнтованої ринкової економіки. Наведено погляди на роль праці та людини в сучасній ринковій економіці на мікро- та макрорівнях. Розглянуто людиноцентричний аспект економічного розвитку в теорії ендогенного зростання. Розроблено модель економічного розвитку з позиції концепції людиноцентризму. Визначено роль формування інклюзивних політичних та економічних інститутів як факторів економічного розвитку.

Системная склеродермия (ССД) – аутоиммунное заболевание соединительной ткани, характеризующееся прогрессирующим фиброзом кожи и внутренних органов. Характерные клинические признаки ССД могут маскировать онкологические заболевания, а паранеопластический процесс, в свою очередь, маскируется симптомами ССД. Цель исследования – показать необходимость дифференциальной диагностики склеродермоподобного паранеопластического синдрома и ССД как фактора онкологического риска. Материалы и методы. Проведен обзор и анализ данных научно-медицинской литературы. Результаты исследований и их обсуждения. Иммунные реакции, участвующие в патогенезе ССД, могут способствовать развитию онкологической патологии; поэтому пациенты с факторами риска развития заболевания требуют наблюдения за возможным развитием неопластического процесса. Пациенты с ССД и аутоантителами к РНК-полимеразе III имеют значительный риск развития рака. Риск канцерогенеза наиболее высокий в первый год после постановки диагноза ССД. С другой стороны, симптомы ССД могут быть маской различных видов рака. Паранеопластический склеродермоподобный синдром, непосредственно не связан с первичной опухолью и ее метастазами, а обусловлен сложными вторичными воспалительно-дегенеративными изменениями системного, локального либо дистантного характера, зачастую протекающими в виде проявлений “перекреста” (overlap) ревматического и опухолевого заболеваний. Предполагается, что раковые клетки могут индуцировать синтез вещества, инициирующего фиброз кожи и внутренних органов. Дифференциация между идиопатической формой ССД, склеродермоподобным паранеопластическим синдромом и развитием рака на фоне ССД вызывает множество трудностей. В статье представлен анализ дифференциально-диагностических мероприятий, предлагается схема скрининга для ведения пациентов с диагнозом ССД, находящихся в группе риска развития малигнизации. Выводы. Результаты анализа источников литературы доказывают актуальность углубленного изучения пациента с впервые выявленным склеродермоподобным синдромом, особенно в пожилом возрасте.

The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of administrative and legal principles of the functioning of Ukrainian and European countries’ financial systems and further determination of ways to improve domestic legislation in this area. The subject of the study is the experience of European countries in state regulation of financial systems. Methodology. The research is based on a comparison of foreign experience in the legal regulation of the financial system using the example of European countries with current state regulation of the financial system in Ukraine. Due to the used arsenal of general scientific and special-scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge, the content of administrative and legal principles of the functioning of the national financial system in conditions of liberalization of foreign economic relations, strengthening of integration and globalization processes in international financial and commodity markets was characterized and determined. The results of the comparative legal study revealed the absence of a general model of the financial system state regulation in Ukraine; rather, the presence of administrative and legal framework for the provision of financial sector’s certain components, in particular, banking, investment, tax and budget, financial services market, etc. Practical implications. Administrative and legal principles of the financial system functioning in certain European countries expose greater effectiveness of the financial system state regulation in comparison with Ukraine. Most European states support the policy of regulating the financial system as a holistic, indivisible phenomenon, gradually shifting away from its interpretation as a set of separate segments. On this issue, significant influence has been made by the European Union, which introduced integration of the most important functions in the regulation of the EU financial system and assigning these functions to a separate group of special bodies. It is expedient to include this experience in the legal system of Ukraine in order to increase its economic stability. Relevance/originality. A comparative legal study of world experience in the administrative and legal regulation of the financial system functioning in Ukraine and European countries provides a better understanding of prospects for development of national administrative legislation in this area.

Sugar beet leaves now are very widely used for livestock feeding, as an organic fertiliser, and also as a raw material for the production of biogas. Therefore the harvest of the sugar beet tops (including leaves) can be considered as current task for the sugar beet growing system. Modern technologies involve harvest of the tops of sugar beet in two stages: flat basic cut and collecting of the entire green mass at higher altitude and the subsequent cutting of the heads of root crops from the residues. Therefore, topical issues of the sensing of the heads of sugar beet roots arranged in rows, are related to the majority of the sugar beet toppers, cleaners of the sugar beet heads, leaves cutters and, digging up working bodies of some designs. The aim of this study is theoretical determination the optimum design and kinematic parameters of a new sensing mechanism of the sugar beet heads located in the soil on the basis of the theory of interaction of flat passive swath board sensing organ with the sugar beet heads during their topping when located in the soil. In the study there are used methods of creation of mathematical models of functioning of the agricultural machines and their working bodies with the using of main provisions of mathematics, theoretical mechanics, programming and numerical calculations on the PC. In this paper, there is presented a theoretical study of the interaction of passive sensing organ with the head of the sugar beet root when there are located residues of the leaves on a root head spherical surface in the form of short elastic rods. Thus, for such an interaction of the sensing organ and the head of sugar beet root head there is taken into account elastic-damping properties of the sugar beet leaves residues. In the study there was first of all developed a new design of the topper for sugar beet heads with the use of a flat swath board sensing organ, there was developed the equivalent scheme of the interaction of the sensing organ with a fixed sugar beet root head. There was also selected and arranged the axis of coordinates, and determined the active forces and angle parameters. Using the basic law of dynamics there was made up a new system of differential equations and the integration of which has made it possible to find the laws of variation of the speed of movement and of the movement of the flat passive sensing organ on the head of sugar beet root head at the beginning of the contact. After determining the initial values of force and design parameters it is possible to solve them on PC to optimise kinematic and structural parameters of the sensing mechanism.

Purpose: scientifically substantiate and develop a program of classes using ecological tourism for primary school age children, aimed at the formation of ecological culture of schoolchildren. Material & Methods: pedagogical experiment was carried out in the form of ascertaining (191 schoolchildren: 96 boys, 95 girls) and formative (50 schoolchildren). The level of ecological culture of schoolchildren was assessed by the method of A. V. Asafova. The assessment of the level of physical health was carried out according to the method of G. L. Apanasenko. Results: model of ecological culture of schoolchildren of primary school age is theoretically grounded and developed, which includes the following components: axiological, motivational, activity, cognitive, and the basic criteria and levels of its formation in schoolchildren. The low level of ecological culture of schoolchildren is revealed. It is established that effective forms of ecological tourism are the ecological lesson, the ecological path, the ecological game, the ecological trip of the day off, the ecological excursion, the ecological camp. These funds were used to build a program of physical preparedness. Conclusion: positive influence of the developed program of ecological tourism on the indicators of physical condition, formation of ecological culture, organization of useful leisure and active recreation of children of primary school age.

Background. It is known that the state of physical fitness of people who come to rehabilitation varies considerable range. We know also that this contingent characterized significant deviations in both sides of the gender and age norms of a number of parameters hemodynamic and autonomic regulation as well as of lipid and electrolytes exchange. Hence the assumptions listed parameters related to the state of the physical form. We set a goal by correlation analysis to detect hemodynamic and metabolic as well as hormonal factors of fitness level. Materials and methods. The object of observation were 29 women (average age 45 years with a range of 29-61 years) patients with chronic cholecystitis in remissionwho arrived at spa Truskavets’ (Ukraine) for rehabilitation. Physical form evaluated on a 5-point Ǻstrand scale using veloergometry. State of central hemodynamics was investigated by echocardiography. Plasma levels of cortisol, aldosterone, estradiol, TSH and triiodothyronine determined by ELISA, of triacylglycerides, cholesterol in lipoproteins of different density, uric acid, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium determined by methods reflometry and spectrophotometry. In addition, determined levels of sodium and potassium in erythrocytes as well as the activity of Na,K-, Ca- and Mg-ATPase of erythrocytemembranes.Testing was performed twice.Results.Ascertained wide variety of fitness level on a 5-point Ǻstrand scale: unsatisfactory in 15,5%, satisfactory in 64% and good in 20,5%. The method of correlation analysis revealed both positive (levels in plasma estradiol, cholesterol of alpha-lipoproteines, triiodothyronine, magnesium and level in erythrocytes sodium) and negative (blood pressure, levels in plasma cortisol, triacylglicerides, TTH, uric acidand Mg-ATPase activity) actotropic factors which together determine the level of physical fitness on 55%. Conclusion. Identified actotropic factors may be viewed as objects of targeting of fitness rehabilitation in women.

The article presents the literature data and the results of own observations of features of Lyme disease in children at the present stage. Questions of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Lyme disease in children are considered.

The new machine-and-tractor aggregate of a modular type, developed by us, consisting of the power and the technological modules, can significantly increase the efficiency of using the tractor when it is aggregated with a five-body plough. The new design solution for connecting these modules in a horizontal plane through a damper, consisting of a hydraulic cylinder and a throttle, allows significant increasing of the movement stability of this aggregate in a transverse-horizontal plane. To test the efficient operation of the proposed design, as well as to determine the kinematic and design parameters that provide the required level of stable movement of this modular machine-and-tractor aggregate, we carried out theoretical and experimental field investigations. For this, a new mathematical model of plane-parallel movement of the machine-and-tractor aggregate of this type was built. It was found that a change in the operating speed of this aggregate during ploughing from 1.0 to 3.0 m∙s−1 does not lead to a deterioration in the stability of the movement of either the technological or, especially, the power modules. The delay in the reaction of the power module of the machine-and-tractor aggregate of the modular type is practically invariant with respect to the change in the mode of movement of this aggregate within the range 1–3 m∙s−1. It was also found that the values of the tire slip resistance coefficients of the wheels of the power module do not have a noticeable impact upon the development of fluctuations of the disturbing moment.

When digging sugar beet root out of the soil by using a vibration digging working tools, there occur impact contacts of the working tools and sugar beet roots placed in the soil. Such phenomena are formed mainly in conditions of dry and solid soil. The consequence of this is a significant impact contact tails breaks, chips or damage of the side surfaces of roots, which leads ultimately to a non-return losses on sugar mass. Therefore there is a need to develop the basic provisions of the refined theory of impact interaction of a vibrating digging working tool with the body of the sugar beet root fixed in the soil, and on the basis of the results obtained to justify rational kinematic and structural parameters of advanced vibration digging working tool. Within the research there was used the methods of higher mathematics, theoretical mechanics, programming and numerical calculations on the PC. We have developed a refined theory of impact interaction of digging of the working body of the sugar beet harvester with the body of sugar beet root during vibratory digging of sugar beet roots from the dry and solid soil. On the basis of obtained equations and their numerical solution by PC programme it was possible to define the kinematic and structural parameters of vibration digging working tool that will ensure the conditions not to damage or break the tails of the sugar beet roots during their digging out from the dry and solid soil. We have investigated the so-called symmetric impact of the vibrating digging working body and the body of sugar beet root. As shown by calculations of the obtained theoretical dependencies and confirmed experimental studies, for the range of reduced masses of the vibrating excavating organ 0.8-2.0 kg, the translational velocity 1.3-2.2 m∙s–1, the depth in the soil 0.08-0.12 m and the vibration amplitude 0.008-0.024 m for shock interaction, which is most likely in dry and solid soil, the permissible oscillation frequency of scooping coulter is 10.0-18.0 Hz.

Introduction. The problem of the diagnosis and treatment of the patients with cancer, in particular, with localization of it in the stomach, is one of the most pressing problems of today, both in Ukraine and throughout the world. The incidence of cancer is traditionally high in many countries, with males being twice as high as women. Annually in the world about 750 thousand new cases of gastric cancer are registered. Ukraine ranks eighth among the 48 countries in the world, which account the oncological diseases, by the indices of cancer. In the structure of mortality from malignant tumors, stomach cancer takes second place as in men (after malignant neoplasms of the lungs) and women (after breast cancer). In 2006, the incidence of stomach cancer in Ukraine was 27.4 per 100 thousand people, which significantly exceeds the world population – 15.6 per 100 thousand population. Aim. To make an overview of modern literature on the complications of gastric cancer in the practice of a doctor-rheumatologist and describe a clinical case. Materials and methods. The content analysis, the method of system and comparative analysis, the bibliosemantic method of study of the actual scientific researches concerning complications of gastric cancer in the practice of the doctor-rheumatologist, and the clinical case have been described. Results. It is presented the clinical case of arthralgic syndrome caused by the remote bone stomach cancer metastases in the practice of the doctor-rheumatologist. Diagnostic algorithm for the patient’s examination, directed by a family doctor with a suspicion of reactive arthritis, in the conditions of a rheumatologic hospital presupposes the use of a number of laboratory tests, most of which are performed in private laboratories. These tests were performed, signs of rheumatologic disease were not detected, but an increase of alkaline phosphatase level in serum by almost 12 times became the reason for reversing the search for the cause of bone tissue damage. X-ray examination of bone: focal changes has not been detected, chest x-ray has suspected metastasis in the lungs. Scintigraphic studies have revealed multiple metastatic bone defects. The ways of optimizing of the diagnosis search in patients with bone pain, elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and burdened oncological history are outlined. It is noted that the optimal and most rational method of diarrhea in these situations is to study the level of alkaline phosphatase in the serum of the patient and make the scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP. Conclusions. Taking into account the practical rheumatology, the article focuses on the optimal diagnosis of the patients experiencing pain in the bones, having the elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, and the patients burdened with a cancer anamnesis. The studies on the problem show that the most effective and rational diagnostic method of gastric cancer is 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy.

New interaction theory of a flexible cleaning vane with the head surface of root crop in the case when the vane installed on the driving shaft makes a plane motion is proposed. Based on the obtained differential equations of the vane motion some new mathematical dependencies, describing the basic parameters of this interaction are given.

The longitudinal vibrations theory of a continuous elastic body with one fixed extremity is designed. The Ostrogradskii-Hamilton principle of a stationary operation is applied. By Ritz's method the Ritz's equation of frequencies for viewed oscillatory process is obtained. In particular analytical expressions for definition of the first and second fundamental frequencies of body oscillations and forced oscillations amplitude of its any cross-section are obtained.

Purpose: to work out and scientifically substantiate the program of trainings with application of ecological tourism means for primary school pupils, oriented on pupils' ecological culture formation and increase of their physical condition indicators. Material: in the research 191 pupils (96 boys and 95 girls) from comprehensive schools participated. Physical culture teachers (n=12) were invited as experts. Degree of the questioned experts' opinions' concordance was checked with calculation of concordance coefficient. Assessment of pupils' physical health was fulfilled. For diagnostic of personal ecological settings we questioned pupils by verbal associative methodic. Results: we found that prevailing majority of the questioned pupils were out of safe health level. Results of pupils' physical condition analysis showed reduction of some indicators in period from second to forth form. The mentioned negative changes were conditioned by weakening of motor functioning and tensed learning activity. The structure of program includes 7 main aspects: educational, physical culture-health related, ecological, research, cultural-entertaining and informational. We determined that practicing of ecological research activity during walks, hiking and excursions facilitates children's understanding of interactions in the nature, formation of firm interest to environment, children's cognitive functioning. The content of the program includes merry starts with ecological tasks, practical classes of ecological school of safety, overcoming of obstacle course, mastering of orientation techniques, games in the fresh air, ecological competitions, quizzes, working out and marking ecological paths, arrangement of ecological path near own school. Conclusions: we initiated the structure and worked out the content of "school ecological monitoring" in process of extracurriculum physical education classes. The program contains diagnostic of ecological culture, level of adaptation-reserve potentials, motor functioning and physical health of primary school pupils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Acute pancreatitis (AP) carries the risk of subsequent nutritional deficiencies. The prevalence of these deficiencies following a single episode of AP in children is unknown. We aimed to determine prevalence of anthropometric and laboratory-based measures of nutritional status in children following their first (index) admission for AP., Methods: Prospective observational cohort study of patients ≤21 years of age with first episode of confirmed AP. Anthropometric and laboratory values were obtained at time of AP onset and at follow up time points of 3 and 12 months (m) post AP. AP attack was classified as either: mild, moderately severe or severe (which were combined in one group (SAP))., Results: 181 patients met criteria and were followed prospectively with 52% male, a median age of 13.7 years (IQR 9.4-16.0) and median Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score of 0.6 (IQR -0.5, 1.6). Most patients had mild AP (140, 77%), with 23% meeting criteria for moderate or severe (41/181). 6 (3%) had diabetes mellitus (DM) predating AP and were excluded from further analysis. BMI Z-score remained stable during the follow up period. 13% of patients developed pre-DM or DM at 3m or 12m. Nearly one third of patients had low ferritin at 3m (29%) or 12m (29%). At 12m, 8% of patients had Vitamin A deficiency. 6% of patients had low Vitamin E levels at 3m and 5% at 12m. Over half of patients at both 3m and 12m had 25 OH Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency (56% and 56%). Prolonged International Normalized Ratio (INR) (>1.3) was seen in 9% of patients at 12m. Very low albumin (<3.5 g/dL) was found in 24% of patients at 3m and 18% at 12m (Table 1). Patients with very low albumin at 3m were younger (median 10.7 vs. 14.2 years, p = 0.04), however sex, BMI Z-score and AP severity were not associated with albumin level. Although BMI Z-score did not differ between the groups, those with SAP had a significant decrease in BMI Z-score from first attack compared to mild AP at 3m (-0.4 vs. 0.0, p = 0.0002, Figure 2). At 3m, Vitamin E deficiency in SAP versus mild AP was found in 20% vs 2% (p = 0.04) and SAP had a lower median hematocrit (35.8 vs. 37.6, p = 0.046). There were no other laboratory significant differences at 3m in mild versus SAP groups. At 12m, those with SAP were more likely to have pre-DM or DM compared to mild AP (31% vs. 7%, p = 0.002). No other significant laboratory differences occurred at 12m., Conclusions: After the first AP attack patients experience nutritional deficiencies, including ferritin, all fat-soluble vitamins, and low albumin. SAP is associated with a decrease in BMI Z-score, increased prevalence of vitamin E deficiency at 3m, and an increase in pre-diabetes and diabetes at 12m. Serial monitoring of vitamin and mineral values post AP is warranted and further prospective studies are needed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)