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Background The health-promoting intervention BeWell™, which includes photo-supported conversations, is intended for people with stress-related illnesses. Its focus is on improving the individual’s health and well-being by addressing what contributes to well-being from the patient’s own perspective. There is no current knowledge of the experiences of occupational therapists of using BeWell™ in primary health care. It is thus important to gain knowledge of their experiences of using this intervention as part of investigating its feasibility. Aim To describe the occupational therapists’ experiences of photo-supported conversations about well-being (BeWell™) with patients diagnosed with stress-related illnesses. Material and methods Six occupational therapists, working in primary health care, who had conducted the photo-supported conversations about well-being (BeWell™), were interviewed individually, and one focus group discussion was also conducted. Systematic text condensation was used as the analysis method. Results Three main themes with two to three subgroups in each were identified; Discovering well-being through images, Enhancing patient’s own efforts towards well-being, and Contributing to one’s own well-being. Conclusions and significance The results provide important knowledge for the continued research work with BeWell™ by investigating how the users of the intervention experienced it., https://lnu.se/forskning/forskningsprojekt/fotostodda-samtal-som-behandlingsmetod-for-att-framja-halsa-och-valbefinnande-vid-stressrelaterad-ohalsa

Work-related stress is common in Western society and disorders associated with stress are often managed in primary health care. This study was set to increase the understanding of the relationship between reason for consultation, work-related stress and diagnosis-specific sick leave for primary health care patients. The longitudinal observational study included 232 employed non-sick listed patients at seven primary health care centres in Sweden. Of these patients, 102 reported high work-related stress, as measured with the Work Stress Questionnaire, and 84 were on registered sick leave within one year after inclusion. The study showed that, compared to those who did not report high work-related stress, highly stressed patients more often sought care for mental symptoms (60/102 versus 24/130), sleep disturbance (37/102 versus 22/130) and fatigue (41/102 versus 34/130). The risk for sick leave with a mental diagnosis within a year after base-line was higher among patients reporting high work-related stress than among those who did not (RR 2.97, 95% CI 1.59;5.55). No such association was however found for the risk of sick leave with a musculoskeletal diagnosis (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.22;1.37). Seeking care for mental symptoms, sleep disturbance and fatigue were associated with having a future mental sick leave diagnosis (p-values < 0.001), while seeking care for musculoskeletal symptoms was associated with having a future musculoskeletal sick leave diagnosis (p-value 0.009). In summary, compared to those who did not report high work-related stress, patients with high work-related stress more often sought care for mental symptoms, sleep disturbance and fatigue which lead to a mental sick leave diagnosis. Reporting high work-related stress was, however, not linked to having sought care for musculoskeletal symptoms nor future sick leave due to a musculoskeletal diagnosis. Hence, both patients and general practitioners seem to characterize work-related stress as a mental com, CC BY 4.0anna-maria.hulten@gu.seThis study was funded by grant 2014-0936, received by KH, from the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (https://forte.se/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

The objective of this paper is to determine how policy instruments targeting a modal shift of long-haul freight transport from road to rail or shipping might affect the distribution of freight tonne-kilometers across the different modes of transport in Sweden. The analysis is conducted in two steps. First, possible developments of freight tonne-kilometers until 2030 and 2040 are compared to base figures for 2017. This is done by developing a set of alternative forecast models where different assumptions and scenarios prevail and analyzing these using Sweden’s national freight transport model SAMGODS. Second, the effects of two hypothetical modal shift policy instruments – a wear and tear tax for road traffic and an ecobonus scheme to promote shipping by rail and sea – are analysed with respect to modal split in the base year of 2017 and for the forecast year 2040. The analysis involves the aggregation of calculated modal shares across each of the SAMGODS model's vehicle/ship types – i.e., six road freight vehicles, eleven freight train variants and 22 ship types. Given the conditions that are assumed in the forecasts, the amount of freight tonne- kilometers is calculated to increase by between 31% and 53 % between 2017 and 2040. The increase is generally largest for maritime transport, followed by road transport and smallest for rail transport. The concept developed in this paper can be useful in studying impacts of different types of technology shifts and policy packages.

The objective of this paper is to determine how policy instruments which aim to achieve a modal shift of long-haul freight transport from road to rail or sea affect the direct emissions to air of greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxides, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter. The analysis is conducted in two stages. First, a range of forecasts reflecting different assumptions are applied using the Swedish national freight transport model (SAMGODS) to derive a range of possible future developments of emissions levels up to 2030 and 2040. This has involved determining emission factors per tonne-km for each of the SAMGODS model's six road freight vehicle types, eleven freight train variants and 22 ship types. The model outcomes are then compared to those of the base year of 2017. Second, the effects of two hypothetical modal shift policy instruments are analyzed with respect to their potential impact on emissions to air. The effects of these two policy instruments are evaluated for the base-year of 2017 and for the 2030 and 2040 forecasts. The paper also analyzes whether the Swedish climate objective for domestic transport in 2030 can be expected to be fulfilled given different forecasts and policy instruments. Within the context of a predicted large increase in total freight tonne-km (between 31 and 53%), emissions of greenhouse gases are calculated to decrease by 50 to 60% by 2040. This means that the Swedish freight transport sector will not achieve its share of greenhouse gas emissions reductions necessary to attain the national climate objective of a 70% reduction by 2030. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) are forecast to reduce by between 60 and 75%, emissions of sulfur dioxides to reduce by between 41 and 50%, emissions of volatile organic compounds to increase by 8 to 30% and emissions of particulate matter (from exhaust and tyre/road wear) are calculated to increase by between 13 and 33%. Using modal shift policy instruments to achieve g

The eSPARK project examines the sustainability profile of the popular shared e-scooters through policy analysis, usage data analysis, surveys, and life cycle assessment. Policies and attempts to regulate e-scooters in Swedish and European cities are studied and discussed with stakeholders. The LCA-results suggest that factors such as how e-scooters are collected and distributed, and the total ridden kilometers have significant impact on their environmental impact. The project also suggests different methods that can support cities to predict the geographical area of the e-scooters and offers insights about how e-scooters are used in the cities. Usage data and the surveys show that they are used by active people in areas with a lot of activities, especially restaurants and clubs. Users are likely to have a driving license, to frequently use a car but also to have a monthly pass for public transport. Thus, escooters have a potential to mitigate congestion on roads and public transport but may lead to more traffic on bike infrastructure instead., This project is granted by the Swedish Energy Agency (Dnr 2020-011467)

Bakgrund/Syfte Stressrelaterad ohälsa är ett stort samhällsproblem. Vi har utvecklat en hälsofrämjande behandlingsmetod med fotostödda samtal, Be-WellTM, med förhoppningen att bidra till att minska den stressrelaterade ohälsan. Metoden fokuserar på det som främjar hälsa och välbefinnande trots ohälsa och inte på symtom och problem i vardagen. Be-WellTM bygger på kunskap om betydelsen av hälsa, välbefinnande, vardagliga aktiviteter och aktivitetsbalans. Be-WellTM baserat på erfarenheter från tidigare studie i primärvården där kvinnor med stressrelaterad ohälsa fotograferade sådant som relaterade till deras välbefinnande trots stress. I intervjuerna framkom att kvinnorna blev uppmärksamma på sitt välbefinnande, vilket möjliggjorde perspektivförskjutning från det som inte fungerar i vardagen till det som fungerar. Syftet är att utvärdera Be-WellTM för personer i primärvården med diagnosticerad stressrelaterad ohälsa. Metod/Tillvägagångssätt Be-WellTM innebär att deltagare tar fotografier med mobil på sådant som ger välbefinnande i vardagen, för att sedan använda dem som utgångspunkt för reflekterande samtal med behandlare vid sammanlagt 12 tillfällen. I en pågående kontrollerad studie i primärvården får interventionsgruppen Be-WellTM av arbetsterapeut som tillägg till sedvanlig behandling. Inklusionskriterier är personer i yrkesverksam ålder med stressrelaterad ohälsa. Data från frågeformulär, intervjuer och fotografier samlas in före och efter intervention, samt sex månader efter intervention och behandlarna intervjuas också. Datainsamling beräknas vara avslutad början av 2023. Kvantitativa som kvalitativa analyser kommer att genomföras. Resultat/Preliminärt resultat Indikationer från intervjuer tyder på att patienter och behandlare uppskattar metoden. Vi planerar att presentera metoden Be-WellTM samt preliminära resultat i samband med Arbetsterapiforum. Slutsats/Praktisk tillämpning Presentationen ger kännedom om en möjlig behandlingsmetod som är enkel att införa i

Examensarbetets titel: Nätverksstrukturer för entreprenörer - en branschspecifik studie. En kvalitativ flerfallsstudie om skillnader i nätverksstrukturer hos entreprenörer i olika branscher Seminariedatum: 1 juni, 2023 Ämne/kurs: FEKH99, Examensarbete i Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 15 högskolepoäng Författare: Kristina Holmgren, Gustaf Strauss, Fredrik Magnusson Handledare: Joakim Winborg Nyckelord: Nätverksstruktur, sociala nätverk, entreprenör, branscher, innovation, faktorer Forskningsfråga: Hur ser nätverksstrukturen ut hos entreprenörer som driver SME-bolag inom snabbrörliga respektive trögrörliga branscher och varför skiljer sig nätverksstrukturerna åt? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att bidra till en ökad uppfattning om hur entreprenörers nätverksstrukturer ser ut och om dessa strukturer skiljer sig åt mellan entreprenörer i olika branscher. Metod: Kvalitativ flerfallsstudie genomförd med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det empiriska materialet består av citat och tolkningar från intervjuerna som handlar om faktorerna som utgör grunden för entreprenörens nätverksstruktur. Teoretiska perspektiv: Det teoretiska ramverket grundar sig i tidigare forskning om olika faktorer bakom sociala nätverk, företagande och branscher. Resultat: Studien har identifierat skillnader mellan hur nätverksstrukturen skiljer sig åt mellan olika branscher. Resultatet visar även att vissa faktorer skiljer sig åt mellan entreprenörer trots att de befinner sig inom samma bransch. Slutsats: Studien har visat att det finns en skillnad i nätverksstrukturen hos entreprenörer inom snabbrörliga och trögrörliga branscher i tre av de fem studerade nätverksfaktorerna, dessa är storleken på nätverk, centralitet och diversifiering. Detta beror på att de snabbrörliga branscherna ställer annorlunda krav på entreprenörens nätverk, speciellt vad gäller tillgång till information och resurser.

Transportsystemet står inför en enorm utmaning då trycket på genomförandet av hållbara operationer aldrig varit större. Enligt IEA står transportsektorn för 16% av det totala koldioxidutsläppet i världen som med nödvändighet måste minska för att vi ska kunna lämna efter oss en planet med resurser för framtida generationer. Utmaningen kräver att alla delar av transportsystemet gör sitt bidrag, oavsett om det handlar om transportoperatörer, transportnoder, myndigheter på såväl lokal, regional som global nivå och tvärs samtliga transportslag. Det slutar dock inte där, det är lika viktigt att de som konstruerar olika typer av lastbärare och fordon för både gods- och persontransporter också beaktar den energi som förväntas vara tillgänglig i rätt kvantitet och till rätt pris. Energiproducenter behöver också tillgodose att efterfrågade energibärare produceras och finns att tillgå vid rätt plats och i tillräcklig kvantitet då den behövs. Detta är i linje med de behov av insatser som Sveriges regering lyfter inom transporteffektivitet, hållbara förnybara drivmedel samt energieffektiva fordon och fartyg, för att reducera Sveriges territoriella CO2 utsläpp i linje med de globala målen. En viktig del av transportsystemet är hamnar som har fönster mot flera olika transportslag och utgör multimodala noder som förväntas ombesörja en så sömlös övergång mellan olika transportslag som möjligt, såsom till/från sjö, järnväg och väg. Svenska hamnar är inget undantag, utan i Sverige med sin längsta europeiska kustremsa behöver Sveriges hamnar också etablera tillräcklig kapabilitet för att hantera såväl inhemska transportbehov som förväntade transporter för import och export på ett hållbart sätt. Hamnar står inför utmaningen att både bedriva sina operationer på ett så hållbart sätt som möjligt genom nyttjande av fossilfri energi, att förse besökare med fossilfria energibärare, och att balansera sitt nyttjande och distribution av hållbar energi med de behov som omgivningen har. Organisati, Finansiär: VINNOVA, dnr: 2021-04414 (Projekttitel: Förslag till förstudieprojekt: Hamnen som energinod)

Evaluation method for development of electric road system network in Sweden – an analysis within the Feasibility study E22-project This report is the result of the work package on Evaluation method within the project “Feasibility study of the electric road system pilot E22”. The original objective with the work package was to describe an evaluation method for the introduction of electric road systems. Important objectives for electric road system (ERS) projects and parameters for measuring goal achievement and, customer satisfaction was to be defined. The results are based on documentation from comparable infrastructure projects, workshops and interviews with stakeholders and project partners. The method was kept as originally outlined but instead of identifying objectives, which can depend on the actor that initiates/is the owner of the ERS, we have taken the existing framework and the processes for evaluation of large-scale infrastructure projects that is already established as the starting point. The existing processes and methods are described at the Swedish Transport Administrations websites for industry. The evaluation process is done according to established calculation and evaluation tools with corresponding manuals. The project has focused on identifying parameters that are unique to ERS or of specific importance for the outcome of an ERS project. Consideration was taken to the fact that ERS is a new technology and that there are knowledge gaps especially for the implementation and operational phases that needs to be filled. For these phases extra evaluations could give important feedback during the development of a larger ERS network. The study has not assumed a specific technology for implementation or for the transmission of electricity to the vehicles, i.e., neither overhead line nor road based. The results from this work package shows that there is an existing framework for evaluations that can be used, and many important parameters are already include

Background: Stress-related mental health illnesses are increasing in all ages. Be-WellTM is a health-promoting intervention intended for primary healthcare. Be-WellTM involves 12 sessions based on photo-supported conversations. Patients use their mobiles to photograph situations about well-being, and the photos are used as a starting point for dialogues with their therapist. Aim: The aims of this study are to evaluate the feasibility of Be-WellTM, and to compare the outcomes concerning health and well-being in the intervention group with those of a control group. Method: This ongoing study is conducted in Swedish primary healthcare. A total of 70 patients in working age, living with stress-related disorders will be recruited. The intervention group receive the intervention Be-WellTM in addition to care as usual, and the controls only receive care as usual. Prior to and directly after the intervention, and after 6 months, the participants complete questionnaires and take part in qualitative interviews about stress and well-being in their present life-situation and experiences from participating in Be-WellTM. Non-parametric and qualitative analysis will be used. Results: Twenty-nine of 35 participants have been recruited to the intervention and 28 of 35 participants to the control group. We will present the research design and preliminary outcomes from the baseline and follow-up data.Conclusion: If the intervention Be-WellTM is found to be feasible with positive outcomes, the health-promoting intervention Be-WellTM can be useful as a complementary intervention in primary healthcare for patients with stress-related illness. Implications for Caring in a changing world: Probably, photo-supported conversations may promote well-being to other patients in different life situations, but future research is warranted., Ej belagd 20220530, Fotostödda samtal som behandlingsmetod för att främja hälsa och välbefinnande vid stressrelaterad ohälsa