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The modern American libertarian movement began in the mid-1960s. The surviving written resources from this early era are vanishing, unless converted to digital format. This article provides background for the development of this movement and presents currently available online digital publication platforms. Along with some relevant publications in need of digital preservation.

Comprehension is an important cognitive state for learning. Human tutors recognize comprehension and non-comprehension states by interpreting learner non-verbal behavior (NVB). Experienced tutors adapt pedagogy, materials, and instruction to provide additional learning scaffold in the context of perceived learner comprehension. Near real-time assessment for e-learner comprehension of on-screen information could provide a powerful tool for both adaptation within intelligent e-learning platforms and appraisal of tutorial content for learning analytics. However, literature suggests that no existing method for automatic classification of learner comprehension by analysis of NVB can provide a practical solution in an e-learning, on-screen, context. This paper presents design, development, and evaluation of COMPASS, a novel near real-time comprehension classification system for use in detecting learner comprehension of on-screen information during e-learning activities. COMPASS uses a novel descriptive analysis of learner behavior, image processing techniques, and artificial neural networks to model and classify authentic comprehension indicative non-verbal behavior. This paper presents a study in which 44 undergraduate students answered on-screen multiple choice questions relating to computer programming. Using a front-facing USB web camera the behavior of the learner is recorded during reading and appraisal of on-screen information. The resultant dataset of non-verbal behavior and question-answer scores has been used to train artificial neural network (ANN) to classify comprehension and non-comprehension states in near real-time. The trained comprehension classifier achieved normalized classification accuracy of 75.8 percent.

Julia Gallagher. 2017. Zimbabwe's International Relations: Fantasy, Reality and the Making of the State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 256 pp. Mainstream international relations (IR) scholars rarely employ Hegelian political philosophy, [...]

The Construction Management Framework (CMF) is a contract established by the Highways Agency in the United Kingdom, where collaborative working is used within a framework setting to deliver the best value in highways major renewals and improvements schemes. This research aims to establish the effectiveness of the CMF in achieving this aim. It aims to define best value as it is understood collectively by the participants in the framework, and evaluate the performance measurement used in terms of its relevance and suitability to deliver the best value. The research also looks at perceptions of the performance of the CMF by those companies included in the framework, and the benefits and disadvantages of using this type of arrangement in highway work. Data collected from the client were compared to that given by the contractors, supply chain, and construction managers of the CMF; results showed a perception by those involved in the framework that construction management is suited to the type of work it is currently used for, and there is potential for similar CMFs to be used elsewhere in the construction industry. However, the research also found that there is a need to improve the performance measures so that value is properly reflected in the goals of the CMF; and the presentation of evidence that demonstrates the benefits that can be gained using this procurement route. CE Database subject headings: Construction management; Highways and roads; Partnership; Procurement; Case reports.

A physical map of a genome is an essential guide for navigation, allowing the location of any gene or other landmark in the chromosomal DNA. We have constructed a physical map of the mouse genome that contains 296 contigs of overlapping bacterial clones and 16,992 unique markers. The mouse contigs were aligned to the human genome sequence on the basis of 51,486 homology matches, thus enabling use of the conserved synteny (correspondence between chromosome blocks) of the two genomes to accelerate construction of the mouse map. The map provides a framework for assembly of whole-genome shotgun sequence data, and a tile path of clones for generation of the reference sequence. Definition of the human-mouse alignment at this level of resolution enables identification of a mouse clone that corresponds to almost any position in the human genome. The human sequence may be used to facilitate construction of other mammalian genome maps using the same strategy., Author(s): Simon G. Gregory [1]; Mandeep Sekhon [2]; Jacqueline Schein [3]; Shaying Zhao [4]; Kazutoyo Osoegawa [5]; Carol E. Scott [1]; Richard S. Evans [1]; Paul W. Burridge [1]; Tony [...]

Background. The physical demands associated with patient handling activities have been well documented in healthcare. However, many activities contribute to the physical demands of caregivers. Our purpose was to evaluate upper extremity muscle activity and kinematics during intravenous (IV) pole interaction. Materials and methods. Muscle activity was measured from six muscles using surface electromyography and joint kinematics were measured using motion capture. Participants performed two IV pole tasks: loading an IV bag and a medical device onto the pole. Two poles were evaluated: a traditional IV pole and a redesigned pole with ergonomic considerations. Results. Cervical extensor activity was significantly greater for the bag task with the traditional pole (43.29 ± 5.10% maximal voluntary exertion) compared to the redesigned pole (28.55 ± 3.42% maximal voluntary exertion). Peak right shoulder flexion was reduced from 102.88° ± 32.42° with the traditional pole to 55.44° ± 19.59° with the redesigned pole. Conclusion. Interactions with a traditional pole are comparable to upper extremity muscle activity during manual patient handling transfers. The redesigned pole reduced shoulder flexion during bag attachment, leading to less time in an overhead posture. Caregivers frequently interact with IV poles and reducing the physical demands associated with pole use could aid in a reduction of musculoskeletal disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]