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14 results on '"Holmdahl, Torsten"'

4. Sources of Airborne Norovirus in Hospital Outbreaks

Author

Alsved, Malin, primary, Fraenkel, Carl-Johan, primary, Bohgard, Mats, primary, Widell, Anders, primary, Söderlund-Strand, Anna, primary, Lanbeck, Peter, primary, Holmdahl, Torsten, primary, Isaxon, Christina, primary, Gudmundsson, Anders, primary, Medstrand, Patrik, primary, Böttiger, Blenda, primary, and Löndahl, Jakob, primary

Published
2019
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6. Detection of airborne noroviruses in hospitals and lab experiments

Author

Alsved, Malin, Fraenkel, Carl-Johan, Widell, Anders, Lange, Robert, Gudmundsson, Anders, Isaxon, Christina, Lovén, Karin, Ramstorp, Matts, Holmdahl, Torsten, Lanbeck, Peter, Böttiger, Blenda, Bohgard, Mats, Medstrand, Patrik, Löndahl, Jakob, Alsved, Malin, Fraenkel, Carl-Johan, Widell, Anders, Lange, Robert, Gudmundsson, Anders, Isaxon, Christina, Lovén, Karin, Ramstorp, Matts, Holmdahl, Torsten, Lanbeck, Peter, Böttiger, Blenda, Bohgard, Mats, Medstrand, Patrik, and Löndahl, Jakob

Published
2018

8. Sources of Airborne Norovirus in Hospital Outbreaks.

Author

Alsved, Malin, Fraenkel, Carl-Johan, Bohgard, Mats, Widell, Anders, Söderlund-Strand, Anna, Lanbeck, Peter, Holmdahl, Torsten, Isaxon, Christina, Gudmundsson, Anders, Medstrand, Patrik, Böttiger, Blenda, and Löndahl, Jakob

Subjects
AIR analysis, PREVENTION of epidemics, CROSS infection prevention, AEROSOL analysis, RNA analysis, INFECTIOUS disease transmission, DIARRHEA, ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring, GASTROENTERITIS, PARTICLES, POLYMERASE chain reaction, VOMITING, REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, NOROVIRUS diseases, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ODDS ratio, DISEASE complications, SYMPTOMS
Abstract

Background Noroviruses are the major cause of viral gastroenteritis. Disease transmission is difficult to prevent and outbreaks in health-care facilities commonly occur. Contact with infected persons and contaminated environments are believed to be the main routes of transmission. However, noroviruses have recently been found in aerosols and airborne transmission has been suggested. The aim of our study was to investigate associations between symptoms of gastroenteritis and the presence of airborne norovirus, and to investigate the size of norovirus-carrying particles. Methods Air sampling was repeatedly performed close to 26 patients with norovirus infections. Samples were analyzed for norovirus RNA by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The times since each patient's last episodes of vomiting and diarrhea were recorded. Size-separating aerosol particle collection was performed. Results Norovirus RNA was found in 21 (24%) of 86 air samples from 10 different patients. Only air samples during outbreaks, or before a succeeding outbreak, tested positive for norovirus RNA. Airborne norovirus RNA was also strongly associated with a shorter time period since the last vomiting episode (odds ratio 8.1; P =.04 within 3 hours since the last vomiting episode). The concentrations of airborne norovirus ranged from 5–215 copies/m3, and detectable amounts of norovirus RNA were found in particles <0.95 µm and >4.51 µm. Conclusions The results suggest that recent vomiting is the major source of airborne norovirus and imply a connection between airborne norovirus and outbreaks. The presence of norovirus RNA in submicrometre particles indicates that airborne transmission can be an important transmission route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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9. Human wound infections caused by Neisseria animaloris and Neisseria zoodegmatis, former CDC Group EF-4a and EF-4b.

Author

Heydecke, Anna, Andersson, Birgitta, Holmdahl, Torsten, Melhus, Asa, Heydecke, Anna, Andersson, Birgitta, Holmdahl, Torsten, and Melhus, Asa

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Neisseria animaloris and Neisseria zoodegmatis, former CDC Group EF-4a and -4b, are considered to be rare zoonotic pathogens, usually associated with dog or cat bites. The aim of the study was to phenotypicaly characterize 13 EF-4 isolates from wound infections, determine their antibiotic susceptibility and to follow the clinical outcome of the patients. METHODS: 13 of the EF-4 isolates were cultured on agar plates. Conventional biochemical tests and the Biolog system were used for phenotypical identification. An arbitrary primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was carried out to determine the genetic profiles. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for different antibiotics were determined. According to this, clinical data for the patients were recorded. RESULTS: 11 isolates were identified as N. animaloris and 2 as N. zoodegmatis due to the production of arginine dihydrolase. A majority of the patients had a history of dog bite. In 6 cases only grewth of N. animaloris or zoodegmatis was registered. When a patient received antibiotic treatment the most common drug of choice was penicillin V. Only 3 patients received treatment for which the isolated EF-4 bacterium was fully susceptible. CONCLUSION: Human infections involving N. animaloris and N. zoodegmatis usually present themselves as local wound infection, but severe complications can occur. Despite their pathogenic potentia, l N. animaloris and N. zoodegmatis are often misidentified, dismissed as skin contaminants or not recognized at all. Due to the fact that N. animaloris and N. zoodegmatis are significant pathogens in animal bites, physicians should keep these bacteria in mind when choosing antibiotic therapy.

Published
2013
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