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(1) Förorenade sediment i hamnar och farleder; (2) Stabilisering och solidifiering; (3) Från idé till färdig hamnanläggning; (4) Byggprocessen och s/s-metoden

(1) Mikrobiell modifiering av jord; (2) Mikrobiell karbonatisering i kolonnförsök; (3) Hur går vi vidare?

The sediments in ports, coastal areas, estuaries etc. are often highly contaminated due to human activities. Land reclamation for new residential areas and development, maintenance and dredging in ports and fairways imply management of these contaminated sediments. The volume to be dredged in the coming years in e.g. the coastal areas in Sweden and Norway is estimated to several million m3 incl. contaminated sediments. The paper has focus on the evaluation of established sustainability indicators using Multi-Criteria Decision tools. Furthermore the quantitative analysis of different scenario using environmental system analysis is described. One key scenario is beneficial use of contaminated sediment e.g. in new harbour areas by applying the emerging technology stabilisation/solidification. All in all the described tool can provide stakeholders with a sound base for using Best Available technology (BAT) for management of contaminated sediments. This method can also prove to be sustainable for handling of contaminated areas on land. Godkänd; 2009; 20091217 (svek)

EC FP 6, Sixth Framework Program, Sustainable Bridges – Assessment for Future Traffic Demands and Longer Lives, TIP3-CT-2003-001653

The main objective of this background document is to bridge the gap between the most advanced structural assessment techniques based on probabilistic methods and the daily practice of bridge evaluators in the railway agencies, not specifically trained on them and responsible of the load and resistance assessments. To this end, the background document explains and summarizes the basis of the safety assessment using a probabilistic approach, providing simplified methods whenever possible and also providing examples of application in order to make the documents more readable and understandable.The present background document is divided in the following deliverables: D4.4.1 Safety format and required safety levels D4.4.2 Probabilistic modelling D4.4.3 Probabilistic non-linear analysis D4.4.4 Examination of fatigue safety and remaining fatigue life of structural details andcomponents in steel of railway bridges using probabilistic methods D4.4.5 Long-term behaviour of subsoil below railway embankments – A simplified predictionmethod of settlements with a probabilistic approach EC Sixth Framework ProgramSustainable Bridges – Assessment for Future Traffic Demands and Longer LivesTIP3-CT-2003-001653

A recent survey showed that 40% of existing rail network bridges in Europe are masonry arches. More than 60% of those bridges are over 100 years old and still carry ever increasing levels of loading and increasing volumes of traffic. Due to the constantly increasing weight of rail traffic there is increasing demand for better understanding of their life expectancy and fatigue limits. It is imperative that the bridge stock is not adversely affected by these changes in the loading regime and that appropriate assessment, modelling, repair and strengthening techniques are available. This background document is an attempt to address and solve the above questions.To this end, the document is divided in the following parts: D4.7.1 Structural assessment of masonry arch bridges D4.7.2 Numerical analyses of load distribution and deflections in railway bridge transitionzones due to passing trains D4.7.3 Methods of analysis of damaged masonry arch bridges D4.7.4 Potentiality of probabilistic methods in the assessment of masonry arches EC Sixth Framework ProgramSustainable Bridges – Assessment for Future Traffic Demands and Longer LivesTIP3-CT-2003-001653

The guideline SB-ICA Inspection, and Condition Assessment presents new and enhanced tools, equipment and procedures for railway bridge inspection and condition assessment to achieve the objectives of the project. The Guideline SB-ICA Inspection and Condition Assessment with three annexes summarizes and completes the technical research work described in technical deliverables D3.2 to D3.14, available as background documents. The guideline also refers to UIC-documents, national standards and results of research done so far in international research. The guideline is prepared to transfer the latest research results to the end users, the European railway infrastructure departments. The technical deliverables, attached as background documents to this guideline, describe the research, which focussed on the following topics: - Basic research for appropriate non-destructive testing methods to be used by the railways in refined inspection and condition assessment of reinforced concrete, steel and masonry arch bridges as well as for the investigation of foundations and subsoil, - Development of procedures for effective condition assessment and defect appraisal, - Enhancing the applicability of non-destructive inspection tools to railway bridges with focus on the compatibility with the railway infrastructure, - The application to railway bridges includes both, the reviews of techniques and methods (state of the art) and latest research, e.g. automation of acoustic imaging techniques, advanced image data processing for results obtained from different NDT-measurement (data fusion, data reconstruction), - Development of automated equipment for faster operating onsite measurements with high geometrical accuracy, which is a precondition for super positioning of data obtained from different methods and different measurements, - A proposal for classification of defects, description of deterioration, defect location. - Finite element modelling of RC-deterioration processes and degradation by corrosion. Based on refined information from inspections about the current condition of the bridge elements, an entire bridge and the capability of the bridge stock along a railway line has to be assessed in a fast and unique way, e.g. in order to allow new train types, increase of train frequency, transfer of higher loads or higher speed. The guideline on inspection and condition assessment presents tools to update bridge documentation, which is some times insufficient, inaccurate or incomplete. Systematic application of repeatable procedures are presented, which are using new tools with high degree of geometrical accuracy. Advanced technologies help also to follow time dependent processes and to alleviate the effects of the loss of operational experience of retiring workers. Research for better inspection and condition assessment tools for the railway infrastructure, e.g. using Non-Destructive testing methods was concentrated on gaps, identified in the first phase of the project. The analysis of the bridge stock by the partner railways in WP1 revealed that steel and masonry arch bridges need to be incorporated into the scope of the project. Following this advice, the guideline for inspection and condition assessment covers inspection of reinforced concrete, steel and masonry arch bridges, as well as testing of subsoil and foundation. This guideline proposes inspection and condition assessment tools to get comparable description of the railway infrastructure condition in different countries of the European Community. The work also revealed the need of common terminology, a database for defects and a database with applicable non-destructive testing methods in single page information. Sustainable Bridges - Assessment for Traffic Demands and Longer Lives

Non-Destructive testing (NDT) is an appropriate technique to assess the bridge condition without damaging the bridge. In general, during the measurement procedure, the railway traffic is not interrupted, since the accessibility from one side is sufficient for numerous echo-methods. The NDT-toolbox describes the available NDT-methods and explains application, physical background, limitation, required equipment, time consumption and complexity of the methods on a one-page information. Besides the state of the art, the toolbox informs also, which methods where enhanced and applied within the project Sustainable Bridges (SB 2003-2007). The NDT-toolbox presents methods for application to bridges made of concrete, steel, including old steel as puddled (wrought) iron or rimmed steel, masonry as well as soil and foundations. For the different materials, the same basic physical principle results in different application with special well-adapted sensor types. The basic physical principle groups of the NDT-methods are: Visual inspection Simple inspection Electromagnetic methods Acoustic methods Radiographic methods Thermal inspection In tables of the SB-ICA guideline (Helmerich et al. 2007), all NDT-methods (annex 3) are linked to appropriate defect types according to the defect catalogue, attached as annex 2 to this guideline. Vice-versa, the inspector may presume a crack or a hidden defect and via links in tables of the SB-ICA guideline he will find appropriate NDT-methods, useful for further investigation of the defect. EC Sixth Framework ProgramSustainable Bridges – Assessment for Future Traffic Demands and Longer LivesTIP3-CT-2003-001653

The report contains three parts: - Strengthening of the Örnsköldsviks Bridge with Near Surface Mounted CFRP Rods - Strengthening of the Sub-soil at Vitmossen, Avesta, Sweden - Strengthening of the Frövi Bridge with CFRP Rods and Tubes EC FP 6, Sixth Framework Program, Sustainable Bridges – Assessment for Future Traffic Demands and Longer Lives, TIP3-CT-2003-001653

The bridge assessment in many aspects is very similar to the bridge design. The same basic principles lie at the heart of the process. Nevertheless, an important difference lies in the fact that when a bridge is being designed, an element of conservatism is generally a good thing that can be achieved with very little additional costs. When a bridge is being assessed, it is important to avoid unnecessarily conservative measures because of the financial implications that may follow the decision of ratingthe bridge as deficient. Therefore, the design codes (e.g. EC codes) may not always be appropriate for assessment of existing bridges and some additional recommendations or guidelines are required that will lead to less conservative assessment of theirs load carrying capacity. Such guidelines have been already proposed for assessment of highway bridges in Europe. However, there is a lack of this type of documents that can be applied for the assessment of railway bridges. The present "Guideline for Load and Resistance Assessment of Existing European Railway Bridges - advices on the use of advanced methods" is providing guidance and recommendations for applying the most advanced and beneficial methods, models and tools for assessing the load carrying capacity of existing railway bridges. This includes systematized step-level assessment methodology, advanced safety formats (e.g. probabilistic or simplified probabilistic) refined structural analysis (e.g. non-linear or plastic, dynamic considering train-bridge interaction), better models of loads and resistance parameters (e.g. probabilistic and/or based on the results of measurements) and methods for incorporation of the results form monitoring and on-site testing (e.g. Bayesian updating). Basis for the "Guideline for Load and Resistance Assessment of Existing EuropeanRailway Bridges - advices on the use of advanced methods" is the research work carried out in the work package WP4 of the Sustainable Bridges project combined with the best practical experience and know-how of all the partners involved. The research activities within the work package WP4 have been carried out in the following five groups: − Loads and dynamic effects, with focus on train loads and dynamics (Deliverables D4.3, also referred as SB 4.3 Dynamic (2007), or just SB4.3 (2007)); − Safety and probabilistic modelling (Deliverables D4.4, also referred as SB4.4Safety (2007), or just SB4.4 (2007)); − Concrete bridges, with focus on non-linear analysis (Deliverables D4.5, also referred as SB4.5 Concrete (2007), or just SB4.5 (2007)); − Metal bridges, with focus on riveted bridges (Deliverables D4.6, also referredas SB4.6 Metal (2007), or just SB4.6 (2007)); − Masonry arch bridges including soil/structure interaction (Deliverables D4.7,also referred as SB4.7 Masonry (2007), or just SB4.7 (2007)). The results of these activities are reported in corresponding Background Documents (Deliverables) listed above within parenthesis. The main results from the research activities performed and the know-how of all the partners in the specific areas of bridge assessment are tried to be presented in this Sustainable Bridges SB-LRA 2007-11-30 6 (428) Guideline in such a way that the target reader of the Guideline, a structural engineer experienced in assessment of railway bridges, is able to apply them in the everyday practice, without necessity of searching for several specific scientific publications. Nevertheless, in some cases it has been necessary to refer to public available literature and Background Documents prepared in the Sustainable Bridges project. The present Guideline has been prepared aiming to follow somehow the structure of the EC codes and it is divided into 10 chapters and 12 Annexes concerning: − Assessment procedure (Chapter 2); − Requirements, safety formats and limit states (Chapter 3, Annexes 3.1-3.7); − Basic information for bridge assessment (Chapter 4); − Load and dynamic effects (Chapter 5, Annex 5.1); − Concrete bridges (Chapter 6); − Metal bridges (Chapter 7, Annex 7.1); − Masonry arch bridges (Chapter 8, Annexes 8.1 and 8.2); − Foundations and transition zones (Chapter 9); − Improvement of assessment using information from testing and monitoring (Chapter 10, Annex 10.1). In most of the topics related to railway bridges assessment the Guideline uses the current state-of-the-art knowledge and the presently best practice. Nevertheless, in many subjects it propose the use of original methods and models that have been developed, obtained or systematized due to research performed within one of the five groups of work package WP4. EU, FP6, Sjätte ramprogrammetTIP3-CT-2003-001653 Sustainable Bridges - Assessment for Future Traffic Demands and Longer Lives