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In recent years, various authorities launched projects that aim to make their cities more age-friendly. Designing age-friendly cities is a complex and context-dependent process that requires clear implementation guidelines for policy makers. As one of the eight domains of age-friendly cities, transportation is a critical component of making our cities more liveable for older adults and their families. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the travel behaviour of older adults with a focus on the factors that lead to sustainable mobility patterns. Our empirical analysis is based on survey data collected from 1,221 older adults as part of the Age-Friendly Columbus project in Columbus, Ohio in the United States of America. We develop multinomial logistic regression models to investigate the travel mode choices of older adults (auto only, non-auto options only and multimodal (auto and at least one non-auto option)). We include age and built environment characteristics as the key variables, with lifestyle-related factors and socio-demographics as controls in our analysis. We find older respondents were more likely to use autos only compared to younger respondents. Our analysis also reveals significant associations between built environment characteristics and travel mode choices. Interaction effects show that the relationships between built environment characteristics and travel preferences differed by age cohorts among older individuals. The primary contribution of this study is that it provides evidence on what built environmental improvements help to promote sustainable travel among older adults in mid-sized and auto-dependent metropolitan cities. We argue that these improvements contribute to older adults' sustainable mobility, as well as out-of-home activity behaviour, social engagement and individual health. The results of this study may especially benefit non-driver older adults who lack reliable non-auto alternatives for their daily travel.

Morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 have unduly affected older adults from racial and ethnic minority groups. In this article, we highlight the experiences and vulnerabilities of diverse older adults with complex health and social needs when their access to vital, but overlooked, community-based adult day service centers (ADSCs) was abruptly cut off during a pandemic. Pandemic-related ADSC closures left vulnerable older adults and their care partners without essential daily support and services, such as health monitoring and socialization. However, the magnitude of the impact of ADSC closures on well-being, particularly among members of racial/ethnic minority groups, has yet to be measured with any form of “big data” because large-scale, nationally representative data sets consisting of participant-level information and outcomes associated with ADSC participation do not yet exist. Unmet needs of older adults resulting from pandemic-related ADSC closures are underrecognized because of a lack of systematic data collection, undermining efforts to achieve health equity. We call on ADSCs to link rigorous collection of racial and ethnic data to quality measures of access to equitable “age-friendly” care as a means of better supporting diverse community-dwelling older adults beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(10):1421–1428. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306968 )

With the COVID-19 epidemic disproportionately impacting older adults, cities across the United States (U.S.) and the world scrambled to meet the needs of their older residents. Members of the World Health Organization's Age-Friendly Communities (AFCs) network rely on cross-system community collaborations and resident voices to create age-friendly social, built, and service environments. These key elements of AFCs place them in a unique position to quickly identify needs of older residents, launch short-term targeted interventions, and support integration of new programs into existing systems for post-crisis sustainability. This essay discusses how one age-friendly community applied key tenets of the Centers for Disease Control's rapid response team model to meet the immediate, short-term needs of older residents for social connection, food, personal protective equipment (PPE), emergency preparedness, and technology utilization. Sustainability of the rapid response interventions was supported through the relationships and structures created by the AFC.Guidelines to

Background and Objectives Older adults are not regarded as sexual and are widely excluded from sexual violence (SV) research, policies, and practice; little is known about SV against older adults and its prevention. Research Design and Methods An 8-database scoping review explored perceptions of SV against older adults, barriers to prevention, and solutions for prevention. Included were peer-reviewed and gray sources published since 2010, supported by primary research, on perceptions of SV in later life and prevention. A thematic analysis was conducted to explore key themes. Results Of 148 potentially relevant sources returned, 95 were fully read after screening titles and abstracts; 19 were critically appraised and 18 were assessed for analysis. Seven overarching themes emerged, surrounding (a) knowledge and awareness, (b) research, (c) policy changes and development, (d) intersectional prejudice, (e) SV being taboo, (f) sociocultural differences, and (g) confusion regarding the definition and nature of SV. Discussion and Implications These findings offer relevant considerations for practice, policy, and research, which will be further discussed.

COVID-19 has shone a harsh light on the inequities of health care in the United States, particularly in how we care for older people. We summarize some of the effects of lockdown orders on clients, family caregivers, and staff of adult day service programs throughout the United States, which may serve as a counterpoint to scientific evidence suggesting a lack of efficacy of these programs. Given the ramifications of state lockdown orders for users and staff of the long-term services and support system, we provide recommendations to better support community-based programs and those they serve. Specifically, (1) adult day programs should be classified as essential, (2) a focus on the value of adult day and similar programs is needed, and (3) an exploration of new ways to finance home and community-based services is warranted. Such advances in policy and science would help to integrate adult day services more effectively into the broader health care landscape.

Having viable alternative transportation options could help individuals stop driving when appropriate. This study employs the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to understand the barriers and facilitators of alternative transportation among a sample of adults aged 55 and older ( N = 32). Using a daily transportation data collection app, MyAmble, the research team asked participants questions structured around environmental, individual, and behavioral factors as outlined in the SCT framework. Responses were analyzed using directed content analysis. Findings suggest a substantial reliance on motor vehicles and it was evident that many participants had never seriously considered what they would do if they could no longer drive. We posit that SCT principles may be applied to help older adults build self-efficacy to transition to driving cessation when needed.

Objectives: This study sought to identify the race differences in perceived access to health and community services and self-rated health (SRH) among White and Black older adult participants of an age-friendly community assessment. Methods: Responses ( n = 313) to a baseline assessment of Columbus, Ohio, residents aged ≥50 years were analyzed. Results: Significant differences were found between White and Black older adults regarding SRH, with Black older adults reporting lower SRH. Black older adults reported significantly lower perceived access to 11 out of the 13 health and community services. There were no significant differences by race regarding ratings of Columbus and personal neighborhoods as a place for people to live as they age. Regression analyses found income was a significant predictor of SRH for both White and Black older adults. Discussion: Opportunities to increase perceived access and knowledge of health and community services for older adults through targeted, equitable interventions are warranted.

Aging in place is a goal for many older adults. As many older adults own their homes, strategies designed to promote aging in place must account for threats to the financial sustainability of ownership and occupancy later in life. One such threat is property taxes, which have risen substantially in many metropolitan areas over the last decade as home values soar. Property tax relief programs offered by state and local governments are designed to ease the housing cost burden of older adults. Yet, recent research indicates that such programs do little to ensure affordability for low-income homeowners. This study reviewed local property tax relief programs and interviewed local older adult homeowners and housing professionals to understand the circumstances of older adult homeowners in one growing U.S. County. Four major themes emerged from the interviews: housing market dynamics, personal finances, local housing resources, and wellbeing. Results indicate that unaffordability is a growing concern among older adult homeowners and services providers alike. Current property tax relief programs are thought to do little to reduce the cost burden posed by property taxes. Implications for social policy include expanding eligibility criteria and indexing the benefit to a local economic metric so that the relief remains relevant in areas with dynamic markets. Implications for practitioners include understanding the property tax relief programs in one’s area and referring clients when appropriate.

Although the health benefits of volunteering among older adults are well established in gerontology, older migrants’ abilities and interests in social participation are hardly recognized. To address the gap, we collected focus groups and survey information in Russian, Khmer, Somali, Nepali, and English to understand the volunteering experiences, social networks, and feelings of loneliness among low-income diverse volunteers in the Senior Companions Program (SCP) in Columbus, Ohio (N=41). The grounded theory approach informed the qualitative analysis. Exponential Random Graph Modeling (ERGM) was utilized to identify statistically significant structural features in the volunteers’ network. Five major themes emerged from the focus groups: (1) Expanding and strengthening social networks through volunteering; (2) Experiencing and coping with loneliness; (3) Experiencing and managing the social impact of COVID; (4) Exploring and loving the program; (5) Social connections outside of the program. Graphs and preliminary ERGM results demonstrate that participants tend to form homophily-based relationships with other volunteers of the same gender (β=2.45, p< 0.001) and from the same country (β=4.86, p< 0.001). However, participants tend to form friendships with people from different racial (β= -1.12, p< 0.001) and different educational backgrounds (β = -0.88, p< 0.001). The tendency to reciprocate (β= 0.96, p< 0.001) and to form triads (β= 9.90, p< 0.001) are both positively significant in the networks. Findings imply that practitioners should attend to within- and cross-cultural relationships in programs for diverse older adults. Addressing language barriers and other sources of homophily may facilitate cross-cultural friendships.

Volunteering is often considered an important component of productive and active aging. Although there is a rich body of literature on the predictors and outcomes of volunteering among the general older adults in the United States (U.S.), few studies have explored the unique volunteering experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse older adults. Given the growing number of diverse older adults and the importance of optimizing their contributions to society, this study investigates the challenges and benefits of volunteering among low-income diverse older adults. We conducted eight 90-minute focus groups in six languages (English, Nepali, Khmer, Somali, Russian, and Chinese) with 70 older volunteers attending a Senior Companions monthly training in a U.S. Midwestern metropolitan area. Data analysis followed the Rapid and Rigorous Qualitative Data Analysis (RADaR) technique and thematic analysis through an interactive team approach. Three overarching themes highlighted the challenges of volunteering: (1) transportation, (2) community emergencies and workload, and (3) family caregiving; and three themes reflected the benefits of volunteering: (1) stress-relief, (2) training and information, and (3) peer support and socialization. Study findings shed light on diverse older adults' unique volunteering experiences with implications for recruitment and retention.

Background and Objectives Prolonged working life is not necessarily associated with good mental health. Despite the importance of healthy working life in later years, little research has been conducted on predictors of mental health in the workplace among older workers. This study aimed to investigate how personal (self-efficacy) and team (leader equity) factors are associated with older workers’ mental health through work engagement. Research Design and Methods We analyzed responses of 508 U.S. workers aged 50 years and older from the Age and Generations Study data using structural equation modeling. Results Results showed that perceived self-efficacy was a strong predictor of mental health. Also, work engagement was a powerful mechanism for promoting older adults’ mental health; engagement partially mediated the relationship between perceived self-efficacy and mental health, and fully mediated the relationship between team leader equity and mental health. Discussion and Implications The findings highlight how important it is for employers to invest in human capital development, suggesting human resource programs should focus on strategies that target older adults’ engagement through tailored self-efficacy programs and inclusive leadership training programs. Such attempts would contribute to enhancing the mental health of older workers.

The purpose of this study was to explore participants’ perceived benefits of equine-assisted psychotherapy and to understand if older adults with functional or cognitive impairment found meaning and purpose in their interactions with horses. This study employed a mixed methods study design with a concurrent triangulation approach. The findings from our study suggest that those impacted with functional or cognitive impairment can meaningfully engage in EAGALA model of equine-assisted psychotherapy and demonstrate the ability to find purpose from their experience. Their perceived benefits were not limited to their interactions with horses but instead wide-ranging, including positive influences from their peers, the outdoor environment associated with equine-assisted activities, and the increased level of social interactions through reminiscence. Social workers can serve a vital role in the use of equine-assisted psychotherapy among older adults, and equine-assisted psychotherapy may hold less stigma than traditional talk therapy to the older adult population.

Safe and affordable transportation has a positive impact on the health and well-being of older adults. What is less understood are which factors influence these outcomes. To examine the impact of trip characteristics on the mood of older adults, residents in three neighborhoods in Franklin County, Ohio (n = 32) were provided tablets and used an app (MyAmble) to document their travel. During a 14-day period, 1,190 trips were recorded; 71% of which were completed by car. Participants reported 72% of the trips improved their mood. Perceived importance of the trip, challenges associated with the trip, and trip destinations to social activities and to employment/education explained 33% of the variance in mood. Challenges associated with the trip was the strongest predictor of impact on mood. Identifying trip characteristics that impact mood provides new insights for the design and implementation of travel interventions for older persons.

There are over five million people in the United States living with dementia. Most live at home and are cared for by family. These family caregivers often assume care responsibilities without education about the disease, skills training, or support, and in turn become at risk for depression, burden, and adverse health outcomes when compared to non-dementia caregivers. Despite over 200 caregiver interventions with proven benefits, many caregivers lack access to these programs. One approach to enhance access is to embed evidence-based caregiver support programs in existing community-based services for people with dementia such as adult day services (ADS). Here we describe the protocol for an embedded pragmatic trial designed to augment standard ADS known as ADS Plus. ADS Plus provides family caregivers with support via education, referrals, and problem-solving techniques over 12 months, and is delivered on-site by existing ADS staff. Embedding a program in ADS requires an understanding of outcomes and implementation processes in that specific context. Thus, we deploy a hybrid design involving a cluster randomized two-group trial to evaluate treatment effects on caregiver wellbeing, ADS utilization, as well as nursing home placement. We describe implementation practices in 30 to 50 geographically and racially/ethnically diverse participating sites. Clinical trial registration #: NCT02927821

Children and older adults are especially vulnerable to the negative effects of food insecurity. Intergenerational strategies often engage youth and elders in shared programming that supports each g...

The aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of access to employment, volunteer opportunities, and community events on older adults’ perception of age-friendliness and feelings of connectedness. Data were from an age-friendly community survey conducted in a Midwestern city in the United States. We analyzed the responses of 264 older adult residents (50 years and older) using path analysis. Results showed that access to community events, job resources, and connectedness were predictors of older adults’ perceptions of age-friendliness of their community, and that connectedness mediated the relationship between access to community events and perceived age-friendliness. The findings help to refine the concept of an age-friendly community from older adults’ perspectives and emphasize the importance of fostering interactions through community events to enhance older adults’ feelings of connectedness.

Social work educators are increasingly exploring how to effectively use technology in their classrooms. The purpose of this study was to explore how a technology-enhanced active learning classroom ...

Informed by social cognitive theory, Age-Friendly Columbus and Franklin County conducted a community-engaged mixed methods study that examined the needs and utilization of alternative transportation by older residents in three pilot neighborhoods in Franklin County, Ohio (n = 32). Participants were provided tablets and used an app (MyAmble) developed at the University of Texas-Arlington to document their traveling experiences. During a 14-day period, 1,190 trips were recorded by older adults and 71.3% of these trips were completed through driving their own personal vehicles. Participants designated 84.5% of trips as important and 72% of the trips improved their mood. Individual (physical and cognitive functioning, cost, time), environmental (lighting, sidewalk conditions, traffic, location of bus stops, weather), and behavioral (no history of bus use, peer to peer information sharing, tracking led to future planning) barriers and facilitators to alternative transportation use such as riding the bus, walking and biking were identified.

Villages are consumer-driven programs supporting older adults to age in their own homes while staying socially connected through service referrals, coordination, and the organization of social activities. Although previous studies demonstrated an increase of perceived social support among Village members over time, few studies tested how Village membership influence older adults’ loneliness. To address this gap, a total of 112 members from four Village programs in a Midwest Metropolitan area completed a cross-sectional pilot survey on their social well-being between January and March 2020. The age of participants ranged from 51 to 92 years old (M=72.30, SD=8.38), over 74% of participants were female and over 88% of participants identified as White/Caucasian. The relationship between the 20-item UCLA loneliness scale and length of Village membership was roughly linear according to the Loess Curve. The scores of the UCLA scale range from 20-80 and higher scores indicate higher loneliness. The Cronbach’s alpha of the UCLA loneliness scale was 0.86 in the sample, indicating good internal consistency. The average loneliness score of the sample was 38.45, resembling the average of community-living older adults. Regression results suggested that a one-year increase in village membership was associated with approximately two points reduction in loneliness, holding all else constant. Being female, a racial/ethnic minority, retired, a driver, and having higher frequencies of socializing with friends and neighbors were associated with lower levels of loneliness among Village members. This pilot study provides initial support for the social impact of Villages and informs future larger sample longitudinal studies.

Age-friendly community (AFC) leaders engage with community residents, groups, and organizations to enhance social, service, and built environments for aging. Despite the growing number of AFCs, academic research remains in its nascence. During this symposium, U.S. scholars will present research on AFC implementation. The first two papers address promising practices among AFC leaders. The first paper presents results from a content analysis of American AFC progress reports. Results indicate strong evidence of progress achieved and opportunities for improving the evaluation, documentation, and dissemination of accomplishments. The second paper presents findings from a qualitative descriptive study on community events by AFC initiatives in northern New Jersey. Results indicate how age-friendly leaders use community events to enhance older adults’ social participation and inclusion, and as a tactic toward longer-term, multi-domain community change. The third and fourth papers describe the development and testing of innovative technologies to guide AFC implementation. The third paper provides an overview of Safe Routes to Age in Place, a community-engaged mixed methods study using the app MyAmble to examine the needs and utilization of alternative transportation in Franklin County, Ohio. The fourth paper provides a case overview of a university-community partnership to develop a geographical information system (GIS) analytical mapping tool to evaluate the age-friendliness of public amenities in San Antonio, Texas. The symposium will conclude with remarks from AARP Livable Communities leadership about how these studies contribute to building knowledge about AFC implementation and avenues for academic and private partnerships to translate these findings to practice.

Objectives: We examined whether volunteering among older adults with cognitive impairments serves as a transitional role that can enhance these older persons’ well-being and cognitive health. Methods: Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we selected older adults with cognitive impairments ( N = 472) and developed linear mixed models to assess associations between volunteering and health outcomes. Results: Volunteers in our sample were mostly females, non-Hispanic whites, those with higher income, and those with a high-school diploma. Volunteering was associated with higher levels of self-rated health, and consistent participation in volunteer work was related to stronger feelings of purpose in life. Cognitive health slightly improved over time only among those who volunteered. Discussion: We demonstrate that cognitive impaired older adults’ participation in the volunteer role can benefit cognitive health while strengthening their late life resilience.

Community advisory boards (CABs) have become increasingly common and important in translational research in healthcare, including studies focusing on home and community-based services. CABs are composed of stakeholders who share interest in research projects and typically include patients/clients, practitioners, community members, policy makers, and researchers. CABs advise researchers on issues ranging from research design and recruitment to implementation and dissemination. In this article, the researchers detail their experiences with the CAB for a pragmatic clinical trail of Adult Day Services (ADS) Plus, an education and support intervention for family caregivers of older adults with dementia using adult day services. Lessons learned, guidelines, and best practices are then presented for developing and working with a CAB in healthcare research.

The number of older adults is steadily increasing in the United States and across the globe. Aging is linked to an increased risk of disability. Disabilities that limit one or more major life activities such as seeing, hearing, walking, and motor skills impact a person's ability to drive a car. Low utilization of alternative transportation by older adults and people with disabilities may put them at risk for social isolation. Social isolation is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. While communities are challenged to create available, acceptable, accessible, adaptable and affordable mobility options, there are widely held, inaccurate biases around older adults' abilities to contribute to the development and improvement of alternative transportation options. Gerontological social workers are well-positioned to address this bias. This paper presents a case study of a large metropolitan county in the Midwest where community-based participatory research (CBPR) strategies were used to engage older residents to support the development of alternative transportation options supporting the tenets of environmental justice.

The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of adult day services (ADS) staff and hospital discharge planners regarding the feasibility of ADS to provide post-acute care (PAC) for persons with dementia. We conducted key informant interviews with emergency department (ED) and inpatient hospital discharge planners ( n = 9), and two focus groups with ADS staff ( n = 15) representing five ADS programs. Four thematic categories were identified from the discharge planners, including concerns for patients, factors influencing discharge, experience with ADS, and conditions for ADS referrals. Four categories identified from ADS staff interviews include public lack of knowledge of ADS, communication challenges, ADS to prevent hospitalization and ED visits, and barriers to providing PAC. Lack of knowledge about ADS, the role of family in PAC decisions, and the lack of reimbursement for PAC in ADS were identified as the most significant drivers in the ability of ADS to provide PAC.

The Foundations of Social Work Practice in the Field of Aging: A Competency-Based Approach is a timely and practical guide for emerging gerontological social workers and educators in the United Sta...

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the significant challenges and gaps related to the care of older people in the U.S. were made distressingly apparent. This summary presentation will consider the effects of COVID-19 and associated shutdowns on older persons who use ADS programs, their family caregivers, and programs/staff themselves. Among recommendations to consider are the classification of adult day services and similar community-based long-term care providers as essential (and clarifying their difference from senior centers). In addition, considering new financing approaches and utilizing ADS or similar community-based programs as incubators of evidence-based innovation are options to consider to better align ADS with optimal dementia care.

A novel interprofessional clinical experience, entitled POP (Pet Owner and Pet) Care, was offered to students from the Colleges of Nursing, Veterinary Medicine, and Social Work at a large Midwest university. The objectives of the clinical experience were to (1) provide students with an opportunity to improve their readiness for interprofessional learning and beliefs about EBP; (2) deliver integrated physical and mental health care to homebound older adults and assess their outcomes; and (3) concurrently provide wellness care to the pets living with homebound older adults and assess their outcomes. Nurse practitioner (NP) faculty led the POP Care clinical rotation teams of NP, veterinary, and social work students in providing home healthcare to homebound adults and their pets. Students were provided with four learning modules prior to starting patient visits. The success of the clinical experience was evaluated via a pre- and post-survey that assessed EBP beliefs and readiness for interprofessional learning. The post-survey also included program satisfaction questions. Health outcomes were measured for the patient and their pets. Patients also answered open-ended program satisfaction questions over the phone. Results indicated that POP Care improved beliefs in EBP and readiness for interprofessional learning, enhanced interprofessional team-based care, and had a positive impact on patient and pet health and well-being.

An Ohio Executive Order forced adult day service providers across the state to close from March 24, 2020 until September 21, 2020 due to COVID, resulting in significant hardship for providers and families. In fact, 65% of programs reported laying off or reducing staff and 83% of directors reported participants had to move to higher and more expensive levels of care such as nursing homes and assisted living. Programs reported that 74% of caregivers had to choose between working and taking care of their family members. Ninety-one percent of ADS program directors in Ohio reported their caregivers were experiencing an increase in stress and anxiety. This paper explores the experiences of Ohio adult day providers during the COVID epidemic, and identifies the challenges and opportunities to coalition building to educate policy makers about day services and the crucial care centers provide.

Adult Day Service (ADS) centers play an important role in community services that help families keep a person living with dementia (PLWD) at home. We interviewed 33 family caregivers about their experience during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the shutdown of the ADS centers where the PLWD attends. All 33 (100%) reported that the ADS center was shut for a period of time (range: 2 weeks – remain closed). Caregivers reported a decline in their physical health (33%,n=11) and mental health (52%,n=17) and an increase in feelings of loneliness (48%,n=16). For the PLWD, the caregivers noted, a decline in physical (48%,n=16) and mental (55%,n=18) health and an increase in behaviors (39%,n=13). The shutdown of most ADS centers across the country due to the COVID-19 pandemic has had implications not only for the ADS sites but for the families that entrust them with the care for a family member.

The Adult Day Service Plus Program (ADS Plus) augments the usual care provided by ADS programs by integrating education, referrals, and problem-solving strategies for family caregivers of persons with dementia. Utilizing a mixed-methods, hybrid effectiveness design, we were in the process of conducting a national evaluation of ADS Plus across xx geographically and culturally diverse programs across the U.S. when the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the shutdown of almost all of the programs participating in ADS Plus. Qualitative and quantitative data collected during the evaluation suggested that a more robust incorporation of implementation domains and measures (e.g., organizational readiness to change) may have helped avoid some of the challenges related to staff training, fidelity, and other critical intervention delivery aspects. Incorporating implementation science frameworks and measures as early as possible in intervention design may have helped to overcome some of the challenges experienced in ADS Plus.

Scholars have paid attention to the concept of age-friendly to address aging workforce issues. Although prior research has been conducted to conceptualize age-friendly work environments by investigating older workers’ perspectives, little is known about the practices and conditions that promote organizations to employ older employees longer and theory driving measurement of age-friendly employment (AFE). To address these knowledge gaps, we developed the AFE measurement tool based on the existing measures, focus group data, two-round Delphi study and a pilot test. We collected primary data from human resource professionals working in a large city in the midwestern state and evaluated the reliability and validity of the AFE measurement using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Results supported the hypothesized five-factor structure. We obtained 16 indicators of AFE: 1) accommodation: fewer physical work demands, reduced work hours, mobility and transportation support; 2) development: career advice, a training needs assessment, and training opportunities to employees all ages; 3) maintenance: financial and medical benefits for full-time workers of all ages, and wellness programs benefits for full-time and part-time workers; 4) utilization: move into a different position, involvement in decision making, knowledge or skills transfer). Accommodation, maintenance, and inclusion factors were predicted by organizational size. A major strength of this study was that the AFE measurement was constructed using a lifespan theory (Selection Optimization Compensation model). The findings of the current study enable employers to self-monitor their ability to employ and retain older employees, especially for small organizations with less than 20 employees.

Adult day service centers (ADCs) in the United States are increasingly recognized as an important source of community-based long-term care for older adults. However, awareness, widespread utilization, reimbursements, and access to ADCs have been limited by a lack of evidence on ADCs’ impact. In this interdisciplinary symposium, we explore current research taking place in the realm of adult day services to understand the reach and impact of ADCs. We begin by examining the most current center-level and user-level data from the National Center for Health Statistics, and demonstrate how these data can be used to inform research and policy. We subsequently evaluate survey data from the National Adult Day Services Association that captures clinical data being collected in ADCs (N=250) surrounding users’ clinical outcomes. We then explore the effectiveness of four interventions on ADC users’ health and functional status: board games, cognitive behavioral therapy, aromatherapy and dance. Finally, we examine the association between adult day services use by African American persons with dementia and depressive symptoms in their caregivers. Our findings suggest that ADCs serve a complex population with high rates of poverty and chronic conditions, but ADCs can have a meaningful impact on users’ health and well-being by leveraging innovative programming. We conclude by discussing how standardization of data collection efforts could enable researchers and policymakers to evaluate ADCs’ impact and target funding towards services that maximizes users’ health and well-being.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The goal of this mixed methods project is to develop a comprehensive framework of the personal and care-related needs of informal caregivers of people with dementia. This model can be used to enhance targeted delivery of evidence-based services to caregivers in need. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To create a model of the personal and care-related needs of family caregivers of people with dementia, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with current caregivers (N = 12) and conducted a content analysis of materials related to government reports and evidence-based interventions (N = 28) and existing measures of dementia caregiver needs (N = 54). Content analysis is a systematic qualitative methodology that is used to distill complex source material into content-related categories and is well-suited for both interview data and document data (Elo & Kyngäs, 2008). We identified themes related to caregiver needs through examination of materials within and across source categories. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We propose a framework of five inter-related need categories: Environmental needs (e.g., transportation, health-care access, financial resources, time), psychological needs (e.g., emotional wellbeing, identity/autonomy, perceived preparedness), social needs (e.g., social support, family dynamics), health-related needs (e.g., health behaviors, sleep), and needs related to the care and functioning of the person with dementia. We also consider how needs and background characteristics transact to influence which services may be of greatest use. In the future, we plan to test this model empirically with a nationally representative sample of caregivers. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Evidence-based services exist to meet the needs of dementia caregivers. A dearth of models clearly defining caregiver needs limits empirically-based plans for dissemination of services. We have identified a framework of the needs of family caregivers from which to create targeted dissemination plans.

Translational Advisory Boards (TABs) are select groups of researchers, practitioners, and, in some cases, service recipients (e.g., patients, caregivers) that convene regularly to advise researchers on ongoing studies. TABs provide direction and support, knowledge and insight, alternative points of view, and suggestions for overcoming obstacles and improving research functions. TABs are especially valuable in applied research in which “real world” conditions create challenges ranging from the anticipated (e.g., participant drop out) to the unanticipated (e.g., government shutdown). In this presentation, the researchers evaluate one TAB involved with an ongoing pragmatic research trial of Adult Day Services Plus (ADS Plus), an intervention for family caregivers to persons with dementia. Including individuals with diverse points of view was critical in the composition of the TAB. The TAB consisted of four seasoned researchers, four ADS industry professionals, and six program directors from the ADS Plus treatment and control groups. Creating meetings that were productive was imperative. TAB sessions were held bi-annually and had highly structured agendas soliciting guidance on specific issues. Qualitative analysis of the TAB sessions revealed three themes: assistance with recruitment; fidelity of the intervention; and sustainability of the intervention. This guidance helped the researchers to shift directions in recruitment and to consider further refinement of the intervention to increase sustainability. In looking at costs, the annual research personnel, TAB personnel, and overhead expenses were estimated at $2,500-$3,000 and $4,000-$5,500, respectively. In conclusion, TABs can be an effective tool to support research and should be considered for use in large-scale projects.

Objective: To examine the effect of access to outdoor space and buildings and social or community events on elders’ perceived disconnectedness. Method: Data were from a representative survey conducted as part of an age-friendly community initiative in a large midwestern city in the United States. Hierarchical logistic regression was employed to examine the relationships between environment, engagement, and connection. Results: Having access to ramps to enter buildings reduced the odds of perceived disconnectedness by 79%, participation in social or community events reduced the odds of perceived disconnectedness by 83%. The odds of perceived disconnectedness for elders “not sure” of their access to public buildings were around 6 times that of those without access, holding all else constant. Discussion: Ensuring access to ramps to enter buildings, disseminating information about the accessibility of parks and buildings, and social or community events may reduce elders’ perceived disconnectedness.