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2,332 results on '"Hollo, A."'

1. Snell's law in multirefringent systems

Author

Cserti, József, Holló, Áron, and Oroszlány, László

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

In anisotropic crystals, Maxwell's equations permit only birefringence for the propagation of light. Notwithstanding, multirefringent systems comprising more than two propagating modes exist, such as in electron optics and photonic crystals. It has been demonstrated that in such systems, the propagation of waves in the short wavelength limit results in the formation of anomalous caustics. To calculate these caustic curves, we generalized Snell's law valid for reflection and refraction in multirefringent systems possessing more than one propagating mode. The emergence of anomalous caustics in the wave function patterns obtained from rigorous quantum mechanical calculations in electron-optical systems is confirmed. These calculations were performed on electron scattering from circularly gated potential regions applied to multilayer rhombohedral graphene. Our results may generate further work to explore more complex phenomena in multirefringent systems.

Published
2024

2. Association between unintentional firearm injury characteristics and deaths in adolescents

Author

Ashley A. Hollo, Mairead Dillon, Jennifer A. Hoffmann, Ashley Blanchard, and Maya Haasz

Subjects
Gun violence, Public health, Injury prevention, Pediatrics, Unintentional injury, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Approximately 15% of pediatric firearm injuries are unintentional. While demographic characteristics of unintentional firearm injuries have been described, the relationship between injury characteristics and mortality is not well understood. In this study, we identified injury characteristics associated with fatality among unintentional firearm injuries in adolescents. Methods We conducted a retrospective (May 2022-May 2023) cross-sectional study of unintentional firearm injuries among adolescents 12–17 years old using the Gun Violence Archive. Variables included victim age and sex, shooter age and sex, injury location, injury circumstance, number of firearms, type of firearm, firearm owner, census region, and shooter relationship to the victim. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with fatality. Results Of 319 unintentional incidents, 212 (66.5%) were non-fatal and 107 (34.5%) were fatal. Of all shootings, 176 (55.2%) occurred in a residence. A shooter was identified in 256 (80.3%) cases; 43.0% of these were a peer of the victim. The adjusted odds of fatality were higher when a peer was the shooter (aOR 5.38, 95% CI 2.57, 11.80) compared to self-inflicted injury and when the shooting took place in the victim’s residence (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.07, 7.88) or another residence (aOR 3.03, 95% CI 1.45, 6.67) versus a public location (Fig. 1). Conclusions Unintentional firearm injuries were more likely fatal when a peer was the shooter and when the shooting occurred at a residence. This amplifies the importance of safe home firearm storage and exploring other evidence-based approaches to decreasing youth access to firearms.

Published
2024
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6. The effect of restrictive compared to liberal intravenous fluid volume on hypotension in adults undergoing major abdominal surgery

Author

Zachary Hollo, Stewart McKenzie, Roman Kluger, Philip Peyton, Andrew Melville, and Tuong D. Phan

Subjects
Esophageal Doppler, Cardiac output, Fluid therapy, Hypotension, Operative, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract In a cardiac output (CO) sub-study of the Restrictive versus Liberal Fluid Therapy in Major Abdominal Surgery (RELIEF) trial, it was shown that restrictive fluid management was associated with lower cardiac index at the end of surgery. However, the association of the fluid protocol with intraoperative blood pressure was less clear. This paper primarily compares rates of hypotension between the two fluid regimens. The haemodynamic effects of these protocols may increase our understanding of perioperative fluid prescription. Using a data set of arterial pressure and cardiac output measurements, this observational cohort study primarily compares intraoperative hypotension rates defined by a mean arterial pressure

Published
2024
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8. Diffusion-based Data Augmentation for Skin Disease Classification: Impact Across Original Medical Datasets to Fully Synthetic Images

Author

Akrout, Mohamed, Gyepesi, Bálint, Holló, Péter, Poór, Adrienn, Kincső, Blága, Solis, Stephen, Cirone, Katrina, Kawahara, Jeremy, Slade, Dekker, Abid, Latif, Kovács, Máté, and Fazekas, István

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Despite continued advancement in recent years, deep neural networks still rely on large amounts of training data to avoid overfitting. However, labeled training data for real-world applications such as healthcare is limited and difficult to access given longstanding privacy, and strict data sharing policies. By manipulating image datasets in the pixel or feature space, existing data augmentation techniques represent one of the effective ways to improve the quantity and diversity of training data. Here, we look to advance augmentation techniques by building upon the emerging success of text-to-image diffusion probabilistic models in augmenting the training samples of our macroscopic skin disease dataset. We do so by enabling fine-grained control of the image generation process via input text prompts. We demonstrate that this generative data augmentation approach successfully maintains a similar classification accuracy of the visual classifier even when trained on a fully synthetic skin disease dataset. Similar to recent applications of generative models, our study suggests that diffusion models are indeed effective in generating high-quality skin images that do not sacrifice the classifier performance, and can improve the augmentation of training datasets after curation.

Published
2023

9. Structures, processes and outcomes between first referral and referral hospitals in low-income and middle-income countries: a secondary preplanned analysis of the FALCON and ChEETAh randomised trials

Author

Rajeev Sharma, Neha Mishra, Simon Cousens, Sanjay Gupta, Thomas Pinkney, Neil Smart, Jonathan Cook, David Jayne, Hemanth Kumar, Peter Brocklehurst, Mohammed Bashir, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Philip Alexander, Laura Magill, Mark Monahan, Rachel Moore, Stephen Tabiri, Joseph Yorke, Dion Morton, Aneel Bhangu, Bryar Kadir, Naveen Sharma, Punam Mistry, Joshua Arthur, Muneer A Malik, Tracy Roberts, Elisee Rwagahirima, Christian Urimubabo, Ewen Harrison, Vijay Kumar, Julia Brown, Pollyanna Hardy, Amit Mahajan, Pratik Solanki, James Glasbey, Himani Gupta, Omar Omar, Joana Simoes, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Felix Alakaloko, Olumide Elebute, Omolara Faboya, Justina Seyi-Olajide, Anita Thomas, David Lissauer, Zainab Imam, George Ihediwa, Zainab O Imam, Felix M Alakaloko, Pradeep Zechariah, Suraj Surendran, Olatunji O Lawal, Mohammed Adnan, Savleen Kaur, Faustin Ntirenganya, JC Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Emmy Runigamugabo, Djifid Morel Seto, Paul Wondoh, Charles Dally, Kwabena Agbedinu, Florence Dedey, Enoch Tackie, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Anthony Davor, Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Olalekan Ajai, Mobolaji Oludara, Muhammad Daniyan, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Adedeji Fatuga, Muzzammil Abdullahi, Manish Pathak, Prashant Singh, Rita Jain, Kwaku Boakye-Yiadom, Kazeem Atobatele, Ayokunle Ogunyemi, Olabode Oshodi, Christopher Bode, Omobolaji O Ayandipo, Akinlabi E Ajao, Godwin Akaba, Gabriella Hyman, Deepak Singh, Olukemi Akande, Sivesh Kathir Kamarajah, Naseem Akhtar, José A Flores, Donna Smith, Olatunji Lawal, Hadijat Olaide Raji, Zafar Khan, Matthew Francis, Emmanuel Williams, Pardeep Kumar, Oliver Samuel, María Paz Muñoz, Arun Chaturvedi, Sameer Gupta, Puneet Prakash, John Raphael, Funmilola Wuraola, Olalekan Olasehinde, Murlidhar V Pai, Deepak Jain, Anwar Sadat Seidu, Victor Ifeanyichukwu Modekwe, Jideofor Okechukwu Ugwu, Lukmon Amosu, Akan Inyang, Michael Amoah, Boateng Nimako, Dhruva Ghosh, Neil Winkles, Olabisi O Osagie, Karolin Kroese, Olubunmi Ogein, Mustapha Yakubu, Vasanth Mark Samuel, Cecil Thomas, Enono Yhoshu, Vishal Michael, William Bhatti, Swati Daniel, Jyoti Dhiman, Atul Suroy, Christopher O Bode, George C Ihediwa, Adaiah Soibi-Harry, Benedetto Osunwusi, Elizabeth Li, Sonia Mathai, Deepak Singla, Farhanul Huda, Aisha Mustapha, Anisah Yahya, Samuel Mensah, Puneet Pareek, Bernard Ofori, Souliath Lawani, Oluwafunmilayo Adeniyi, Opeyemi Rebecca Akinajo, Richard Ofosu-Akromah, Olumide Adeniyi, Adewale O. Adisa, Natacha Boumas, Fareeda Galley, Frank Enoch Gyamfi Parvez D Haque, Antonio Ramos de la Medina, Chukwuma Okereke, Ronald Tubasime, Felicity Brant, Sohini Chakrabortee, Parvez D Haque, Emily Heritage, Carmela Lapitan, Rachel Lillywhite, Pierre Sodonougbo, Pamphile Assouto, Michel Fiogbe, Houenoukpo Koco, Serge Metchinhoungbe, Hodonou Sogbo, Hulrich Behanzin, Yannick Tandje, Sosthène Kangni, Cyrile Kpangon, Marcelin Akpla, Hugues Herve Chobli, Blaise Kovohouande, Gérard Agboton, Rene Ahossi, Raoul Baderha Ngabo, Nathan Bisimwa, Covalic Melic Bokossa Kandokponou, Mireille Dokponou, Francis Moïse Dossou, Corinne Dzemta, Antoine Gaou, Roland Goudou, Emmanuel Hedefoun, Sunday Houtoukpe, Felix Kamga, Eric Kiki- Migan, Ismaïl Lawani, René Loko, Afissatou Moutaïrou, Pencome Ogouyemi, Fouad Soumanou, Pia Tamadaho, Mack-Arthur Zounon, Luke Aniakwo Adagrah, Bin Baaba Alhaji Alhassan, Mabel Pokuah Amoako-Boateng, Anthony Baffour Appiah, Alvin Asante-Asamani, Benedict Boakye, Samuel A Debrah, Donald Enti, Rahman Adebisi Ganiyu, Patience Koggoh, Richard Kpankpari, Isabella Naa M. Opandoh, Meshach Agyemang Manu, Maison Patrick Opoku Manu, Martin Tangnaa Morna, John Nkrumah, Michael Nortey, Emmanuel Owusu Ofori, Elizaberth Mercy Quartson, Esther Adjei-Acquah, Eric Agyemang Vera Agyekum, Rebecca Adjeibah Akesseh, Forster Amponsah-Manu, Ato Oppong Acquah, Leslie Issa Adam-Zakariah, Esther Asabre, Ruby Acheampong Boateng, Barbara Koomson, Ataa Kusiwaa, Emmanuel Yaw Twerefour, James Ankomah, Frank Assah-Adjei, Anthony Appiah Boakye, Godfred Fosu, Godwin Serbeh, Kofi Yeboah Gyan, Isaac Omane Nyarko, Zelda Robertson, Ralph Armah, Christopher Asare, Delali Akosua Gakpetor, Victoria Sena Gawu, Ambe Obbeng, Doris Ofosuhene, Dorcas Osei-Poku, Diana Puozaa, Arkorful Ebenezer Temitope, Regina Acquah, James Amoako, Akosua Dwamena Appiah, Mark Aseti, Charles Banka, Samuel Dadzie, Derick Essien, Romeo Hussey, Jemima Kwarteng, Naa Anyekaa Sowah, Grace Yeboah, Cynthia Yeboah, Kwame Gyambibi Addo, Enoch Appiah Akosa, Percy Boakye, Christian Larbi Coompson, Brian Gyamfi, Bismark Effah Kontor, Christian Kyeremeh, Ruth Manu, Elijah Mensah, Friko Ibrahim Solae, Gideon Kwasi Toffah, Dorcas Otuo Acheampong, Jane Acquaye, Michael Adinku, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Emmanuel Gyimah Amankwa, George Amoah, Juliana Appiah, Alex Ayim, Emmanuel Kafui Ayodeji, Jonathan Boakye-Yiadom, Edward Amoah Boateng, Christian Kofi Gyasi-Sarpong, Naabo Nuhu Noel Hamidu, Iddrisu Haruna, Naa Kwarley, Agbenya Kobla Lovi, Bertina Beauty Nyadu, Dominic Opoku, Anita Osabutey, Robert Sagoe, Samuel Tuffour, Yaa Tufour, Francis Akwaw Yamoah, Abiboye Cheduko Yefieye, Nii Armah Adu-Aryee, Faisal Adjei, Erica Akoto, Elikem Ametefe, Joachim Kwaku Amoako, Godsway Solomon Attepor, George Darko Brown, Benjamin Fenu, Philemon Kwame Kumassah, David Olatayo Olayiwola, Theodore Wordui, Nelson Agboadoh, Fatao Abubakari, Cletus Ballu, Charles Gyamfi Barimah, Guy Casskey Boateng, Prosper Tonwisi Luri, Abraham Titigah, Frank Owusu, Raphael Adu-Brobbey, Abdul-Hamid Labaran, Junior Atta Owusu, Vivian Adobea, Amos Bennin, Fred Dankwah, Stanley Doe, Ruth Sarfo Kantanka, Ephraim Kobby, Kennedy Kofi Korankye Hanson Larnyor, Edwin Osei, Prince Yeboah Owusu, Clement Ayum Sie-Broni, Marshall Zume, Francis Atindaana Abantanga, Darling Ramatu Abdulai, Daniel Kwesi Acquah, Emmanuel Ayingayure, Imoro Osman, Sheba Kunfah, Gbana Limann, Shamudeen Alhassan Mohammed, Sheriff Mohammed, Yakubu Musah, Emmanuel Abem Owusu, Abdul-Hafiz Saba, Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang Yenli, Arun Gautham, Alice Hepzibah, Grace Mary, Dimple Bhatti, Karan Bir, Tapasya Dhar, Sunita Goyal, Goyal Ankush, Monika Hans, Parvez Haque, Samuel Konda, Anil Luther, Shalini Makkar, Kavita Mandrelle, Partho Mukherjee, Reuben Rajappa, Ravinder Thind, Alen Thomas, Arti Tuli, Sreejith Veetil, Esther Daniel Mark Jesudason, K Priyadarshini, Latha Madankumar, Rohin Mittal, Ida Nagomy, Rajesh Selvakumar, Bharat Shankar, Moonish Sivakumar, Rajeevan Sridhar, Devabalan Titus, Manisha Aggarwal, Parth Dhamija, Vinoth Kanna, Ashwani Kumar, Gurtaj Singh, Josy Thomas, Amos Dasari, Priya Jacob, Elizabeth Kurien, Arpit Mathew, Danita Prakash, Anju Susan, Rose Varghese, Rahul Alpheus, Ashish Choudhrie, Nitin Peters, Subrat Raul, Rakesh Vakil, Wenceslao Ángeles Bueno, Francisco Barbosa Camacho, Aldo Bernal Hernández, Ana Bogurin Arellano, Edgar Cortes Torres, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Erick González García de Rojas, Alejandro González Ojeda, Bertha Guzmán Ramírez, Michel Hernández Valadez, Diego Luna Acevedo, Rubén Morán Galaviz, Oscar Olvera Flores, José Pérez Navarro, Kevin Pintor Belmontes, Fernando Ramirez Marbello, Luis Ramírez-González, Laura Reyes Aguirre, Ramona Rojas García, Eduardo Valtierra Robles, Reyes Cervantes Ortiz, Gonzalo Hernandez Gonzalez, Rosa Hernandez Krauss, Luis Hernández Miguelena, Marco Hurtado Romero, Isaac Baltazar Gomez, Celina Cuellar Aguirre, Alejandro Cuevas Avendaño, Luis Dominguez Sansores, Hector Ortiz Mejia, Laura Urdapilleta Gomez del Campo, Claudia Caballero Cerdan, David Dominguez Solano, Rafael Toriz Garcia, Mariana Barreto Gallo, Ana Cortes Flores, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Monica Jimenez Velasco, Rozana Reyes Gamez, Roque Lincona Menindez, Alberto Navarrete Peón, Irani Durán Sánchez, Diana Gonzalez Vazquez, Maria Martínez Lara, Laura Martinez Perez Maldonado, Alejandra Nayen Sainz de la Fuente, Antonio Ramos De la Medina, Khadija Ado, Mohammed Aliyu, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Mahmoud Magashi, Abubakar Muhammad, Saminu Muhammad, Bello Muideen, Idris Takai, Onyekachi Ukata, Opeoluwa Adesanya, David Awonuga, Olushola Fasiku, Chidiebere Ogo, Moruf Abdulsalam, Abimbola Adeniran, Grace Eke, Esther Momson, Francisca Nwaenyi, Olufunmilade Omisanjo, Yusuf Oshodi, Yemisi Oyewole, Omotade Salami, Omolara Williams, Victoria Adeleye, Opeyemi Akinajo, David Akinboyewa, Iyabo Alasi, Oluwole Atoyebi, Olanrewaju Balogun, Orimisan Belie, Andrew Ekwesianya, Francis Ezenwankwo, Adesola Jimoh, Jubril Kuku, Oluwaseun Ladipo- Ajayi, Ayomide Makanjuola, Olayanju Mokwenyei, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Ojewola, Abraham Oladimeji, Thomas Olajide, Oluwaseun Oluseye, Aloy Ugwu, Ochomma Egwuonwu, Okechukwu Ekwunife, Victor Modekwe, Chukwuemeka Okoro, Chisom Uche, Kenneth Ugwuanyi, Chuka Ugwunne, Akeem Adeleke, Wilson Adenikinju, Akinfolarin Adepiti, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdulhafiz Adesunkanmi, Adewale Adisa, Samuel Ajekwu, Olusegun Ajenjfuja, Jerrie Akindojutimi, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Olusegun Alatise, Olubukola Allen, Micheal Archibong, Olukayode Arowolo, Deborah Ayantona, Ademola Ayinde, Olusegun Badejoko, Tajudeen Badmus, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Emeka Igbodike, Omotade Ijarotimi, Adedayo Lawal, Fayowole Nana, Tunde Oduanafolabi, Olaniyi Olayemi, Stephen Omitinde, Owolabi Oni, Chigozie Onyeze, Ernest Orji, Adewale Rotimi, Abdulkadir Salako, Olufemi Solaja, Oluwaseun Sowemimo, Ademola Talabi, Mohammed Tajudeen, Francis Adebayo, Oseremen Aisuodionoe- Shadrach, Lazarus Ameh, Ndubuisi Mbajiekwe, Felix Ogbo, Samson Olori, Samuel Sani Abu Sadiq, Nancy Tabuanu, Martins Uanikhoba, Godwin Chiejina, Ekpo Edet, Mary Isa, Faith Iseh, Adams Marwa, Sunday Ogbeche, Edima Olory, Gabriel Udie, Joseph Udosen, Usang Usang, Olukayode Abayomi, Rukiyat Abdus-Salam, Sikiru Adebayo, Olanrewaju Amusat, Kelvin Egbuchulem, Hyginus Ekwuazi, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Lawal, Solomon Olagunju, Peter Osuala, Bamidele Suleman, Augustine Takure, Lukman Abdur-Rahman, Nurudeen Adeleke, Muideen Adesola, Rafiat Afolabi, Sulaiman Agodirin, Isiaka Aremu, Jibril Bello, Saheed Lawal, Abdulwahab Lawal, Hadijat Raji, Olayinka Sayomi, Asimiyu Shittu, Jude Ede, Sebastian Ekenze, Vincent Enemuo, Matthew Eze, Uchechukwu Ezomike, Emmanuel Izuka, Okezie Mbadiwe, Ngozi Mbah, Uba Ezinne, Iweha Ikechukwu, Okoi Nnyonno, Philemon Okoro, Igwe Patrick, Oriji Vaduneme, Abhulimen Victor, Salathiel Kanyarukiko, Francine Mukaneza, Deborah Mukantibaziyaremye, Aphrodis Munyaneza, Gibert Ndegamiye, Ronald Tubasiime, Moses Dusabe, Emelyne Izabiriza, Hope Lydia Maniraguha, Christophe Mpirimbanyi, Josiane Mutuyimana, Olivier Mwenedata, Francine Uwizeyimana, Job Zirikana, Aime Dieudonne Hirwa, Elysee Kabanda, Salomee Mbonimpaye, Christine Mukakomite, Piolette Muroruhirwe, Georges Bucyibaruta, Gisele Juru Bunogerane, Sosthene Habumuremyi, Jean de Dieu Haragirimana, Alphonsine Imanishimwe, Violette Mukanyange, Emmanuel Munyaneza, Emmanuel Mutabazi, Isaie Ncogoza, Jeannette Nyirahabimana, Mary Augusta Adams, Richard Crawford, Chikwendu Jeffrey Ede, Maria Fourtounas, Morapedi Kwati, Mpho Nosipho Mathe, Ncamsile Anthea Nhlabathi, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe Nxumalo, Paddy Pattinson, Nnosa Sentholang, Mmule Evelyn Sethoana, Maria Elizabeth Stassen, Laura Thornley, Cheryl Birtles, Mathete Ivy, Cynthia Mbavhalelo, Zain Ally, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Maria Picciochi, Michael Bahrami-Hessari, Didier Ahogni Benin, Aristide Ahounou, K. Alassan Boukari, Oswald Gbehade, Thierry K Hessou, Sinama Nindopa, M.J. Bienvenue Nontonwanou, Nafissatou Orou Guessou, Arouna Sambo, Sorekou Victoire Tchati, Affisatou Tchogo, Semevo Romaric Tobome, Parfait Yanto, Isidore Gandaho, Armel Hadonou, Simplice Hinvo, Montcho Adrien Hodonou, Sambo Bio Tamou, Marie-Claire Kouroumta, Enrif Malade, Anne stredy Mkoh Dikao, Joel Nzuwa Nsilu, Nathan Bisimwa Mitima, Cyrille Kpangon, Stephane Laurent Loupeda, Mamonde Victorin Agbangla, Sena Emmanuel Hedefoun, Thierry Mavoha, Juvenal Ngaguene, Janvier Rugendabanga, Rish Romaric Soton, Martin Totin, Mouhamed Agbadebo, Irene Akpo, Hubert Dewamon, Martin Djeto, Aissatou Hada, Monsede Hollo, Albert Houndji, Anasthasie Houndote, Sylvestre Hounsa, Expedit Kpatchassou, Hugues Yome, Mohamed Moussa Alidou, Bonheur Dossou Yovo, Robert Guinnou, Souleymane Hamadou, Nabil Moussa, Boniface Cakpo, Lolyta Etchisse, Emery Hatangimana, Moise Muhindo, Katia Sanni, Agossou Barthelemy Yevide, Hermann Agossou, Fiston Basirwa Musengo, Bill Armstrong Alia, Arnaud Alitonou, Lucien Agbanda, Julien Attinon, Marcel Gbassi, Nounagnon Rene Hounsou, Derick Esssien, Yakubu Mustapha, Kojo Nunoo-Ghartey, Luke A Aniakwo, Margarey N M Adjei, Yvonne Adofo-Asamoah, Meshach M Agyapong, Thomas Agyen, Baba A B Alhassan, Mabel P Amoako-Boateng, Josephine Ashong, Joseph K Awindaogo, Benjamin B Brimpong, Makafui S C J K Dayie, Wendy W Ghansah, Jude E Gyamfi, Vincent Kudoh, Philip Mensah, Isabella N Morkor Opandoh, Martin T Morna, Emelia Odame, Emmanuel O Ofori, Sandra Quaicoo, Elizabert M Quartson, Cynthia Teye-Topey, Makafui Yigah, Safia Yussif, Vera O Agyekum-Gyimah, Eric Agyemang, Arko Akoto- Ampaw, Temitope E Arkorful, Moses A Dokurugu, Nanabanyin Essel, Aja Ijeoma, Emmanuel L Obiri, Karen N D Quarchey, Leslie Adam-Zakariah, Aaron B Andoh, Ruby A Boateng, Atta Kusiwaa, Adeline Naah, Ato Oppon-Acquah, Benjamin A Oppong, Emma A Agbowada, Ameley Akosua, O Lawrence Dorcas Acheampong, Frank E Gyamfi, Bertina B Nyadu, Samira Abdulai, Nii A Adu-Aryee, Joachim K Amoako, Nicholas T Aperkor, Wilfred K Asman, Godsway S Attepor, Antoinette A Bediako-Bowan, George D Brown, Victor K Etwire, Benjamin S Fenu, Philemon K Kumassah, Linda A Larbi-Siaw, Josephine Nsaful, David O Olatola, Sandra E Tsatsu, Iddrisu I A Abdul-Aziz, Johnson Akunyam, Gilbert A G Anasara, Charles G Barimah, Guy C Boateng, Ponala W Kwabena, Seidu M Kwarteng, Prosper T Luri, Kennedy Ngaaso, David K D Ogudi, Collins Kyeremeh, Clement Sie-Broni, Saba Abdul-Hafiz, Daniel K Acquah, Shamsudeen M Adams, Mohammed S Alhassan, Munira Amadu, Samuel A Asirifi, Martin Awe, Millicent Azanlerigu, Mathias K Dery, Yenli Edwin, Abantanga Atindaana Francis, Aloysius Maalekuu, Hawa Malechi, Ibrahim Mohammed, Kareem Mumuni, Bernard A Ofori, Jonathan I K Quansah, Napoleon Bellua Sam, Anwar S Seidu, Shekira Yahaya, Emmanuel Kojo Acquah, Jaabir Alhassan, Christian L Coompson, Addo K Gyambibi, Ametepe Jeffery-Felix, Bismark E Kontor, Gifty Naah, Carmen Noufuentes, Abraham Sakyi, Ramkaran Chaudhary, Sanjeev Misra, Dharma R Poonia, Kirti K Rathod, Mahaveer S Rodha, Nivedita Sharma, Subhash C Soni, Vaibhav K Varsheney, Jeevan R Vishnoi, Deepak K Garnaik, Manoj J Lokavarapu, Rohit Ranjan, Rajkumar K Seenivasagam, Shanky Singh, Raunak Verma, Suzan John, Jeffery A Kalyanapu, Ananta Kutma, Sanish Philips, Arun K Gautham, Deepak S Singh, Eunice S Abraham, Chetana Chetana, Prashant Dummala, Chinta S Gold, Jurgen Jacob, Jeremiah N Joseph, Elizabeth N Kurien, Priya Mary, Arpit J Mathew, Amy E Mathew, Danita D Prakash, Ashwin Sukumar, Niyah Syam, Alisha Bhatt, Dhruva N Ghosh, Ankush Goyal, Monika A Hans, Jyoti Jyoti, Karan Kumar, Vivin Daniel Sam, Ravinder Singh Thind, Sreejith K Veetil, Rahul Williams, D Sreekar, Esther R Daniel, Smitha E Jacob, Mark R Jesudason, Pushplatha Kumari, Soosan Prasad, Srujan Sharma, Moonish V Sivakumar, Paul Trinity, Sudheer Kanchodu, K Leshiini, Sundeep S Saluja, Ashok K Attri, Ishan Bansal, Monika Gureh, Simran Kapoor, Harmanjot Kaur, Simrandeep Singh, Viju John, Nivesh Agrawal, Uttkarsh Kumar, S Abhishek, Vikram Sehrawat, Gaurav Thami, Stanley Mathew, P S Prabhu, P T Sundeep, Shiv Rajan, Mohit Singh, Abhilasha Tripathi, Philip V Alexander, A Vijay, Moloti Kichu* Ismavel, Carolin V Solomi, Rahul A Alpheus, Ashish Victor Choudhrie, Rashmi Jacob Gunny, Susan Joseph, Nitin J Peters, Neha Pundir, Ram Samujh, Hafsa I Ahmed, Gowhar Aziz, Nisar A Chowdri, Rayees A Dar, Robindera Kour, Imtiyaz Mantoo, Asif Mehraj, Fazl Q Parray, Najmus Saqib, Zamir A Shah, Rauf A Wani, Komal Rautela, Nishu Singh, Priyanka Chowdhury, Sona Chowdhury, Pragyanmai Nayak, Bipradas Roy, Andrea S Alvarez Villaseñor, Kriscia V Ascencio Díaz, Victor J Avalos Herrera, Francisco J Barbosa, Elyoenai Bonilla Ahumada, Irma V Brancaccio, Miguel A Calderón, Guadalupe Castillo Cardiel, Guillermo A Cervantes, Gabino Cervantes Guevara, Enrique Cervantes Perez, Maria Chávez, Jonathan M Chejfec, Luis R Cifuentes, Ana O Cortés, Edgar J Cortes, Tania A Cueto, Andrea E Cueto, Esteban Cueva Martinez, Paulina Domínguez Barradas, Isaac Esparza Estrada, Paola Flores Becerril, Luis A García, Benjamín García Reyna, Eduardo Gómez Sánchez, Jaime L González, Eduardo González Espinoza, Fanny Y González, Cristhian S Guerrero, José A Guzmán, Bertha G Guzmán, Mario J Guzmán, DanielA Hérnandez Alva, SilviaA Ibarra Camargo, JuanC Ibarrola Peña, Martin Islas Torres, Jorge Jiménez Tornero, ZayraM Lara Pérez, Roberto Mares País, MelP Mellado Tellez, RobertoC Miranda Ackerman, Damián Mora Santana, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Rodrigo Nájar Hinojosa, Cesar Nuño Escobar, Itzel Ochoa Rodríguez, Angelica Ortega Barreiro, Jacqueline Osuna Rubio, Luis RPacheco Vallejo, VíctorH Pérez Bocanegra, JoseV Pérez Navarro, Francisco JPlascencia Posada, MaríaA Quirarte Hernández, LuisR Ramirez Gonzalez, Emilio AReyes Elizalde, EveliaV Romo Ascencio, Cornelio Ruelas Bravo, CarlosB Ruiz Velasco, JoséA Sánchez Martínez, Guillermo Sanchez Villaseñor, JoséI Sandoval Pulido, AlejandroG Serrano García, LuisO Suárez Carreón, JuanJ Tijerina Ávila, JesusO Vega Gastelum, MelissaL Vicencio Ramirez, MariaF Zarate Casas, CarlosJ Zuloaga, Fernández del Valle, JesusAntonion Aguilar Mata, MiguelAntonio Calderon Vanegas, RocioGuadalupe Cano Arias, Carlos Colunga Tinajero, Fernanda Diaz Samano, Fernando Duque Zepeda, BrendaVanessa Enriquez Barajas, Gerardo Gallardo Banuelos, MarijoseDe CristoGonzalez Calvillo, Francisco Ibanez Ortiz, Maryzela Lazo Ramirez, Gerardo Lopez Arroyo, LauraOlivia Montano Angeles, DavidGiovannyI Morales Iriarte, AngeloFernando Mortola Lomeli, Jose EstebanOrozco Navarro, Jaime Orozco Perez, Damaris Orozco Ramirez, LauraGabriela Pena Baolboa, Jesus Pizarro Lozano, Guillermo Yanowsky Reyes, Monica N Castillo, Ana CamilleG Dominguez, Dorihela H Mellado, Jesus FlavioM Morales, Luzdel CarmenM Namur, Jose AlbertoA Pesquera, LauraMartinez Perez Maldonado, Antonio RamosDe laMedina, Katya Bozada-Gutierrez, AnaFlorencia Casado-Zarate, Roberto Delano-Alonso, Jose Herrera-Esquivel, Mucio Moreno-Portillo, Mario Trejo-Avila, Roland Kevin CethorthFonseca, Edgard Efren LozadaHernandez, Bruno Crocco Quiros, JairoArturo Rodriguez Ramirez, Gabriela Ambriz-González, MitziR Becerra Moscoso, Ishtar Cabrera-Lozano, AnaB Calderón-Alvarado, FranciscoJ León-Frutos, ErickE Villanueva-Martínez, Aisha Abdullahi, Maimuna Abubakar, MohammedS Aliyu, Mudi Awaisu, Fadimatu Bakari, Abigail Olajumoke Balogun, Ahmad Bello, Kehinde Michael Duromola, Stephen G Gana, Mukoro Duke George, Justina Gimba, Isaac Gundu, Lambert Onahi Iji, Aminat O Jimoh, Afolabi K Koledade, Ahmad T Lawal, Bilkisu K Lawal, Stanley Emeka Nwabuoku, Oluseyi O Ogunsua, Ifeanyi Fidelis Okafor, Ethos Ike Okorie, Nasir Oyelowo, Ibrahim A Saidu, Tunde T Sholadoye, Ibrahim Sufyan, Musliu Adetola Tolani, Aliyu Muhammad Tukur, Ahmad Shehu Umar, Aminatu M Umar, Hajara Umaru-Sule, Mohammed Usman, Alfa Yakubu, Salisu Abeku Yusuf, Abdulhafiz A Abdulkarim, Lawal Barau Abdullahi, Khadija A Ado, Nura U Aliyu, Lofty-John Chukwuemeka Anyanwu, Sulaiman M Daneji, Mahmoud Kawu Magashi, Mohammad A Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Saminu S Muhammad, Bello Abodunde Muideen, Calistus U Nwachukwu, Suleiman B Sallau, Abdulrahman A Sheshe, Abdulmajeed Soladoye, Idris Usman Takai, Garzali I Umar, Abubakar Yahaya, Lubabatu Abdulrasheed, Joel A Adze, Lydia R Airede, Bashiru Aminu, Stephen B Bature, Firdaws Bello-Tukur, Damai Chinyio, SharonA N Duniya, Moses C Galadima, Babatunde K Hamza, Samaila Joshua, Stephen A Kache, Williams Y Kagomi, Ifeanyi A Kene, Jamila Lawal, Jerry G Makama, Caleb Mohammed, Amina A Mohammed-Durosinlorun, Deborah Nuwam, Abdulrasheed Sani, Salome Tabara, Mathew C Taingson, Emmanuel Usam, Josiah Yakubu, Folasade Adegoke, Oluwasuyi Ige, Tunde A Odunafolabi, Chukwuma E Okereke, Oluwafemi O Oladele, Oluwaseun H Olaleye, Oyetunde O Olubayo, Olukayode P Abiola, Henry O Abiyere, Idowu O Adebara, GbadeboT C Adeleye, Adebayo A Adeniyi, Olumide E Adewara, Olabisi T Adeyemo, Ademola A Adeyeye, Abimbola L Ariyibi, Babatunde S Awoyinka, Olumide M Ayankunle, Olakunle F Babalola, Adewumi Bakare, TajudeenI B Bakare, Oluseyi O Banjo, Peter A Egharevba, Oluwafemi S Fatudimu, John A Obateru, Oluremi J Odesanya, Owolabi D Ojo, Abiodun I Okunlola, Cecilia K Okunlola, Adewale T Olajide, Tesleem O Orewole, Adedayo I Salawu, Moruf A Abdulsalam, Aderinsola T Adelaja, Olalekan T Ajai, Noble Anyanwu, Kazeem M Atobatele, Oludayo Oluwaseyi Bakare, Omolara M Faboya, Francisca C Nwaenyi, Ayokunle A Ogunyemi, Mobolaji A Oludara, Olufunmilade A Omisanjo, Chinonso U Onyeka, Olabode A Oshodi, Yusuf A Oshodi, Omotade S Salami, Omolara M Williams, Esther Abunimye, Adebunmi Adeoluwa, Adedotun Adesiyakan, Victoria Ibukunoluwa Adeyeye, Moses Vincent Agbulu, David O Akinboyewa, Iyabo O Alasi, Michael Amao, Christiana Ashley-Osuzoka, Oluwole A Atoyebi, Olanrewaju S Balogun, Maryam Oluwatobi Busari, Nnamdi Jonathan Duru, Glory Bassey Edet, Olumide A Elebute, Francis Chinonso Ezenwankwo, Adedeji L Fatuga, Christianah Gbenga-Oke, Emmanuel Sylvester Inyang, Adesola I Jimoh, Jubril Oladayo Kuku, OluwaseunA Ladipo-Ajayi, Abdulrazzaq O Lawal, Christian Chigoze Makwe, Chinelo Victoria Mgbemena, Samuel U Nwokocha, Moses Adebisi Ogunjimi, Ephraim Okwudiri Ohazurike, Rufus W Ojewola, Moyosoluwa Eunice Badedale, Chike J Okeke, Adeyemi A Okunowo, Abraham T Oladimeji, Thomas O Olajide, Olabisi Olanrewaju, Olawunmi Olayioye, Oluwaseun O Oluseye, Stephen Olutola, Kenneth Onyekachi, Adeola Ayoola Orowale, Emili Osariemen, Adedapo Olumide Osinowo, Emmanuel Owie, Christianah Bidemi Oyegbola, Justina OSeyi-Olajide, AdaiahP Soibi-Harry, Manuella Talla Timo, Aloy Okechukwu Ugwu, Emmanuel Ojo Williams, Innocent O Duruewuru, Ochonma A Egwuonwu, Okechukwu Hyginus Ekwunife, James J Emeka, Chimdiebele Daisy Nwosu, Sylvester O Obiechina, Ahuizechukwu E Obiesie, Celestine I Okafor, Theophilus O Okonoboh, Odili A Okoye, Onyekachi A Onu, Chukwudubem C Onyejiaka, Chisom Faith Uche, JosephO Ugboajah, Akeem A Adeleke, Akinfolarin C Adepiti, Adewale A Aderounmu, Abdulhafiz O Adesunkanmi, Adewale O Adisa, Samuel C Ajekwu, Olusegun K Ajenifuja, Olusegun I Alatise, Tajudeen A Badmus, Tajudeen O Mohammed, Abdulkadir A Salako, Oludayo A Sowande, Ademola O Talabi, Funmilola O Wuraola, Paul Aderemi Adegoke, Abidemi Akinloye, Ayodeji Akinniyi, Joseph Ejimogu, Ideyonbe Samuel Eseile, Olakayode Olaolu Ogundoyin, Amos Okedare, Dare Isaac Olulana, Omolara Omotola, Francis Sanwo, Collins C Adumah, Adewale O Ajagbe, Olugbenga P Akintunde, Opeyemi Q Asafa, Kehinde Awodele, Amogu K Eziyi, Adeniyi O Fasanu, Olufemi O Ojewuyi, Abiodun R Ojewuyi, Abisola E Oyedele, Oluwaseun A Taiwo, Habiba I Abdullahi, Nathaniel D Adewole, Teddy E Agida, Eunice E Ailunia, Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Godwin O Akaba, Janet Alfred, Terkaa Atim, Kehinde G Bawa, John Y Chinda, Esther B Daluk, Sefiu B Eniola, Augusta O Ezenwa, Stephen E Garba, Philip M Mshelbwala, Ngozi O Ndukwe, Idoko P Ogolekwu, Alexander A Ohemu, Samuel A Sani, Salisu Suleiman, Helen Sunday, Nancy O Tabuanu, Aminu M Umar, Peter I Agbonrofo, Alexander I Arekhandia, Morrison E Edena, Raymond A Eghonghon, Joel E Enaholo, Genesis Ida, Stanley N Ideh, Oseihie I Iribhogbe, Omorodion O Irowa, Maradona E Isikhuemen, Oluwatomi R Odutola, Kester O Okoduwa, Scott O Omorogbe, David Oruade, Osasumwen T Osagie, Osarenkhoe Osemwegie, RukiyatA Abdus-Salam, Sikiru Adekola Adebayo, Oluwasanmi A Ajagbe, Gboyega Ajibola, Kelvin I Egbuchulem, Hyginus O Ekwuazi, Adegbolahan Fakoya, Oluwasegun C Idowu, David O Irabor, Taiwo A Lawal, Olakayode O Ogundoyin, Oluwabukade Ojediran, Naomi Olagunju, Akinsola T Sanusi, Augustine O Takure, Lukman Olajide Abdur-Rahman, Mary Oluwadamilola Adebisi, Nurudeen Abiola Adeleke, Rafiat Tinuola Afolabi, Isiaka Ishola Aremu, Jibril Oyekunle Bello, Robiat Bello, Saheed Abolade Lawal, Adeolu Ojajuni, Sabur Oyewale, Victor Abhulimen, Patrick O Igwe, Ikechukwu Enyinnaya Iweha, Raphael E John, Nnyonno Okoi, Philemon E Okoro, Vaduneme Kingsley Oriji, Ibiene T Oweredaba, Japhet Mizero, Immaculee Mutimamwiza, Francoise Nirere, Irenee Niyongombwa, Jean Paul Majyabere, Anastase Byaruhanga, Rongin Dukuzimana, Jean Aimable Habiyakare, Marie Gloriose Nabada, Marcel Uwizeye, Mathias Ruhosha, Joselyne Igiraneza, Faustine Ingabire, Aloys Karekezi, Jean pierre Masengesho, Lydia Mukamazera, Clemence Mukangabo, Jean Paul Niyomuremyi, Gabriel Ntwari, Celestin Seneza, Divine Umuhoza, Pierrine Nyirangeri, Jean Claude Uwimana, Isaie Sibomana, Desire Rubanguka, Josine Umuhoza, Roda Uwayezu, Leoncie Uzikwambara, Herbert Butana, Moise Dusabeyezu, Athanasie Mukasine, Jean N Utumatwishima, Mediatrice Batangana, Jeande Dieu Haragirimana, AllenJ C Ingabire, Espoir Mwungura, Dancilla Nyirasebura, Christian Jean Urimubabo, Anaclet Dusabimana, Sam Kanyesigye, Robert Munyaneza, Jean Yves Shyirakera, Aimee Domingo, Philip Munda, Chido Nyatsambo, Victor Ojo, Rudo Pswarayi, and Soeren Laurberg

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published
2024
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10. The sphere of exposure: centering user experience in community science air monitoring

Author

Marisa Westbrook, Valentina Serrano-Salomón, Jay Pecenka, Sumit Sankhyan, Aniya K. Hollo, Shelly L. Miller, and Esther Sullivan

Subjects
air quality, community science, community monitoring, behavior change, citizen science, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Community science has increased in popularity in communities where residents hope to investigate the relationship between environmental issues and personal health. This study partnered with neighborhoods in the most polluted residential zip code in the US to conduct community science air quality monitoring. We conducted 60 semi-structured interviews after two monitoring deployments to understand participants’ subjective experiences of pollution exposure, their engagement with low-cost air quality monitors, and their data interpretation. We utilize the environmental health concept ‘exposure experience’ to analyze how participants use personal monitors, understand their data, and reinterpret their pollution exposure as a result. We further explore how participants’ understandings are circumscribed by the technological features of low-cost monitors. We find that participants adopt both protective and mitigating behavioral changes based on information gained from personal experiments and hypothesis testing while using the monitors. Of their own accord, 40% of participants in this study adopted mitigation behaviors after identifying sources that impacted their personal air quality. Our analysis reveals that real-time data accessibility through low-cost monitors builds exposure awareness and enables residents of environmental justice communities to test, validate, or invalidate sensory experiences and challenge existing assumptions. These findings point to specific pathways for using low-cost monitors to support individual decision-making and contribute to behavioral change. Findings also identify some limitations of low-cost monitors; designers of low-cost monitors should consider how composite Air Quality Scores may encourage community scientists to equally value scientifically-established pollutants (e.g., PM) with less scientifically-established pollutants (e.g., TVOCs), without additional scientific training and health-related information.

Published
2024
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11. Diffusion-Based Data Augmentation for Skin Disease Classification: Impact Across Original Medical Datasets to Fully Synthetic Images

Author

Akrout, Mohamed, Gyepesi, Bálint, Holló, Péter, Poór, Adrienn, Kincső, Blága, Solis, Stephen, Cirone, Katrina, Kawahara, Jeremy, Slade, Dekker, Abid, Latif, Kovács, Máté, Fazekas, István, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Mukhopadhyay, Anirban, editor, Oksuz, Ilkay, editor, Engelhardt, Sandy, editor, Zhu, Dajiang, editor, and Yuan, Yixuan, editor

Published
2024
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12. Sõjad ja sõjakirjutus. Saateks sõjakirjutuse erinumbrile / Wars and War Writing: Preface to the Special Issue

Author

Maarja Hollo and Anu Raudsepp

Subjects
First World War, Estonian War of Independence, Second World War, cultural memory, war writing, Esimene maailmasõda, Literature (General), PN1-6790, Philosophy (General), B1-5802
Abstract

This special issue on war writing consists of articles based on presentations at the War in Estonian Culture, Literature and History conference held 15–16 December 2022 at the Estonian Literary Museum. The conference focused on the question of the lasting influence and meaning of the two world wars in Estonian culture, literature and history writing. These questions were underscored by the Russian–Ukrainian war which broke out in February 2022 and which actualised memory of the Second World War, the commemoration of its victims, and a weighing of the consequences, influence and meanings of the war for different memory communities. Anniversaries of historical events that have changed world history call for new scholarly perspectives on the past. Thus, in recent years, in connection with the 100th anniversary of the First World War, studies of related topics have become more frequent, including in Estonia. The article collection The First World War in Estonian Culture (2015) is the first step toward an investigation of the representations of the First World War in Estonian culture. In these studies, diaries and letters have particular value. Surviving private letters permit a better understanding of this great war and its meaning for Estonians mobilised for it. From the perspective of Estonian history, the most significant result of the First World War was the disintegration of the Russian Empire, which made possible the birth of Estonia – colonised for centuries –, as an independent state. Estonia was one of the nation-states that emerged from the disintegration of empires. In 2018, based on the Estonian experience and in an international framework, Anu Raudsepp and Tõnu Tannberg presented our perspective on the influence of the First World War on the creation of nation-states and resultant challenges to the writing of history textbooks. Though the independent Estonian republic was proclaimed on 24 February 1918, the declaration was followed by German occupation in 1918 and the defence of Estonia’s freedom against Soviet Russia in the War of Independence of 1918–1920. The 100th anniversary of the War of Independence also inspired new scholarly research. In 2019 Tõnu Tannberg edited a collection of articles entitled The Many Faces of the War of Independence. The 100th anniversary of the Tartu peace treaty was marked in 2020 by the publication of collective research by historians in a two-volume magisterial work on the history of the War of Independence. The Second World War has been deemed the largest catastrophe in history caused by human hands, during which 60 or 70 million people perished and the destruction changed cityscapes and landscapes beyond recognition. The war reached Estonia in summer 1941 when Soviet occupation was replaced by German occupation. The war years have been represented in the works both of exile writers and writers who remained in Estonia after the war. In Estonian war literature, war poetry has a clear profile, authored by writers who fought in the Second World War on the German side and fled Estonia during the war: Arved Viirlaid, Harri Asi, Kalju Ahven, Einar Sanden, Jyri Kork, Tiit Lehtmets and Eduard Krants. Themes related to war are reflected in the prose of Arved Viirlaid, Ilmar Talve, Ilmar Jaks, Harri Asi, Heino Susi and Agu Kask. Arved Viirlaid’s central work Graves without Crosses I–II (1991, 2009, 2015) is the most popular and most frequently translated work representing the Second World War in Estonian literature. The Tartu cycle by Bernard Kangro and autobiographical short stories by Gunnar Neeme are also remarkable. In Soviet Estonian literature the representation of the Second World War was ideologically constrained; but nevertheless two noteworthy autobiographical war novels were published in the 1970s: Ülo Tuulik’s documentary novel In the Path of War in 1974 (unabridged version 2010) and Juhan Peegel’s I Fell in the First Summer of War in 1979. In addition to belles lettres our historical memory is shaped by autobiographical texts such as memoirs, life stories, autobiographies, letters and diaries, which enable the reader to gain insight into the changes that war brought to everyday life and how people learned to adjust to them. If the memoirs of former combatants have evinced the avoidance of personal points of view and preferences for the matter-of-fact style of reportage, the memoirs and other autobiographical texts of civilians are dominated by the judgments, moods and feelings of the writer as a person. Historical writing on the Second World War is diverse. If from the perspective of western European countries, the main embodiment of evil was Hitler, the situation was much more complicated for eastern European countries. Lack of knowledge of acts of violence committed during the Second World War and later repressions in the countries of eastern Europe and the disregard for international war law by Germany and the Soviet Union have had a significant impact on how the Second World War has been handled in research by historians in Europe and the United States. In most research on the Second World War matters related to the Baltic States are regarded as unimportant compared to the larger processes that took place. Nevertheless, the Baltic states were strategically important both for Hitler’s Germany and the Soviet Union, making the Baltic question a bone of contention among the allied countries. Over time events that happened in eastern European countries during the Second World War have come increasingly to the fore in scholarly accounts with radically different viewpoints: Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin (2010) by Timothy Snyder, Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe (2011) by Norman Davies, Soldiers of Memory: Second World War and its Aftermath in Estonian Post-Soviet Life Stories (2011, ed. by Ene Kõresaar). The special issue on war writing contains eight articles on the topic of war, one article on a free topic, a series of translations from the publishing house Loodus, and the archival discovery section in which a letter from the First World War is discussed.

Published
2024
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18. Comparison of Various Mutation Operators of the Bacterial Memetic Algorithm on the Traveling Salesman Problem

Author

Holló-Szabó, Ákos, Botzheim, János, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, editor, Botzheim, János, editor, Gulyás, László, editor, Nunez, Manuel, editor, Treur, Jan, editor, Vossen, Gottfried, editor, and Kozierkiewicz, Adrianna, editor

Published
2023
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19. Routine sterile glove and instrument change at the time of abdominal wound closure to prevent surgical site infection (ChEETAh): a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis of a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial in seven low-income and middle-income countries

Author

Kachapila, Mwayi, Oppong, Raymond, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Bhangu, Aneel, Dauda, Risikat, Ghosh, Dhruva N., Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Lawani, Ismail, Medina, Antonio Ramos-De la, Monahan, Mark, Morton, Dion G., Omar, Omar, Picciochi, Maria, Tabiri, Stephen, Roberts, Tracy E., Brocklehurst, Peter, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Glasbey, James, Hardy, Pollyanna, Harrison, Ewen, Lillywhite, Rachel, Magill, Laura, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Simoes, Joana, Smith, Donna, Kadir, Bryar, Pinkney, Thomas, Brant, Felicity, Li, Elizabeth, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Bahrami-Hessari, Michael, Bywater, Edward, Martinez, Laura, Habumuremyi, Sosthene, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Williams, Emmanuel, Fourtounas, Maria, Melic, Bokossa K. Covalic, Suroy, Atul, Ahogni, Didier, Ahounou, Aristide, Boukari, K. Alassan, Gbehade, Oswald, Hessou, Thierry K, Nindopa, Sinama, Nontonwanou, M.J. Bienvenue, Guessou, Nafissatou Orou, Sambo, Arouna, Tchati, Sorekou Victoire, Tchogo, Affisatou, Tobome, Semevo Romaric, Yanto, Parfait, Gandaho, Isidore, Hadonou, Armel, Hinvo, Simplice, Hodonou, Montcho Adrien, Tamou, Sambo Bio, Lawani, Souliath, Dossou, Francis Moise, Gaou, Antoine, Goudou, Roland, Kouroumta, Marie-Claire, Malade, Enrif, Dikao, Anne stredy Mkoh, Nsilu, Joel Nzuwa, Ogouyemi, Pencome, Akpla, Marcelin, Mitima, Nathan Bisimwa, Kovohouande, Blaise, Loupeda, Stephane Laurent, Agbangla, Mamonde Victorin, Hedefoun, Sena Emmanuel, Mavoha, Thierry, Ngaguene, Juvenal, Rugendabanga, Janvier, Soton, Rish Romaric, Totin, Martin, Agbadebo, Mouhamed, Dewamon, Hubert, Akpo, Irene, Djeto, Martin, Hada, Aissatou, Hollo, Monsede, Houndji, Albert, Houndote, Anasthasie, Hounsa, Sylvestre, Kpatchassou, Expedit, Yome, Hugues, Alidou, Mohamed Moussa, Bara, Eric Jerry, Yovo, B.T. Bonheur Dossou, Guinnou, Robert, Hamadou, Souleymane, Kola, H.Pauline, Moussa, Nabil, Cakpo, Boniface, Etchisse, Lolyta, Hatangimana, Emery, Muhindo, Moise, Sanni, Katia, Yevide, Agossou Barthelemy, Agossou, Hermann, Musengo, Fiston Basirwa, Behanzin, Hulrich, Seto, Djifid Morel, Alia, Bill Armstrong, Alitonou, Arnaud, Mehounou, Y.Edith, Agbanda, Lucien, Attinon, Julien, Hounsou, Nounagnon Rene, Gbassi, Marcel, Adagrah, Aniakwo, Alhassan, Bin Baaba Alhaji, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel Pokuah, Appiah, Anthony Baffour, Asante-Asamani, Alvin, Boakye, Benedict, Debrah, Samuel A, Ganiyu, Rahman Adebisi, Enti, Donald, Koggoh, Patience, Kpankpari, Richard, Opandoh, Isanella Naa M., Manu, Meshach Agyemang, Manu, Maison Patrick Opoku, Mensah, Samuel, Morna, Martin Tangnaa, Nortey, Michael, Nkrumah, John, Ofori, Emmanuel Owusu, Quartson, Elizaberth Mercy, Acquah, Ato Oppong, Adam-Zakariah, Leslie Issa, Asabre, Esther, Boateng, Ruby Acheampong, Koomson, Barbara, Kusiwaa, Ataa, Twerefour, Emmanuel Yaw, Ankomah, James, Assah-Adjei, Frank, Boakye, Anthony Appiah, Fosu, Godfred, Serbeh, Godwin, Gyan, Kofi Yeboah, Nyarko, Isaac Omane, Robertson, Zelda, Acheampong, Dorcas O, Acquaye, Jane, Adinku, Michael, Agbedinu, Kwabena, Agbeko, Anita Eseenam, Amankwa, Emmanuel Gyimah, Amoah, Michael, Amoah, George, Appiah, Juliana, Arthur, Joshua, Ayim, Alex, Ayodeji, Emmanuel Kafui, Boakye-Yiadom, Jonathan, Boateng, Edward Amoah, Dally, Charles, Davor, Anthony, Gyasi-Sarpong, Christian Kofi, Hamidu, Naabo Nuhu Noel, Haruna, Iddrisu, Kwarley, Naa, Lovi, Agbenya Kobla, Nimako, Boateng, Nyadu, Bertina Beauty, Opoku, Dominic, Osabutey, Anita, Sagoe, Robert, Tuffour, Samuel, Tufour, Yaa, Yamoah, Francis Akwaw, Yefieye, Abiboye Cheduko, Yorke, Joseph, Addo, Kwame Gyambibi, Akosa, Enoch Appiah, Boakye, Percy, Coompson, Christian Larbi, Gyamfi, Brian, Kontor, Bismark Effah, Kyeremeh, Christian, Manu, Ruth, Mensah, Elijah, Solae, Friko Ibrahim, Toffah, Gideon Kwasi, Adu-Brobbey, Raphael, Labaran, Abdul-Hamid, Owusu, Junior Atta, Adobea, Vivian, Bennin, Amos, Dankwah, Fred, Doe, Stanley, Kantanka, Ruth Sarfo, Kobby, Ephraim, Larnyor, Hanson, Owusu, Prince Yeboah, Sie-Broni, Clement Ayum, Zume, Marshall, Abantanga, Francis Atindaana, Abdulai, Darling Ramatu, Acquah, Daniel Kwesi, Ayingayure, Emmanuel, Osman, Imoro, Kunfah, Sheba, Limann, Gbana, Mohammed, Shamudeen Ahhassan, Mohammed, Sheriff, Musah, Yakubu, Ofori, Bernard, Owusu, Emmanuel Abem, Saba, Abdul-Hafiz, Seidu, Anwar Sadat, Yakubu, Mustapha, Yenli, Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang, Bhatti, Kavita, Dhiman, Jyoti, Dhir, Karan, Hans, Monika, Haque, Parvez D, Jesudason, Esther Daniel Mark, Madankumar, Latha, Mittal, Rohin, Nagomy, Ida, Prasad, Soosan, Dasari, Amos, Jacob, Priya, Kurien, Elizabeth, Mathew, Arpit, Prakash, Danita, Susan, Anju, Varghese, Rose, Ortiz, Reyes Cervantes, Gonzalez, Gonzalo Hernandez, Krauss, Rosa Hernandez, Miguelena, Luis Hernández, Romero, Marco Hurtado, Gomez, Isaac Baltazar, Aguirre, Celina Cuellar, 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2024
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21. Kirjažanrist Euroopa kultuuriloos ning kirjavahetuste avaldamisest ja uurimisest Eestis

Author

Triinu Ojamaa and Maarja Hollo

Subjects
estonia, europe, letter genre, publishing of letters, research of letters, Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, GN301-674
Abstract

The article deals with the emergence, development and blooming of the letter genre in European cultural history until the middle of the 20th century. The oldest letters that have survived to our time date from the 3rd-2nd centuries BC and are written in cuneiform. The first major heyday of the literary genre was in the time of ancient Rome, when both politicians and philosophers exchanged letters, but also several writers used the letter form in their works. The so-called canon of letter writing was formed in the Middle Ages, when the art of letter writing began to be taught at the universities. In the 17th century, letter writing manuals and private letters began to be published in books, and in the 18th century it was already very common. The growing popularity of communication by letters is also shown by the fact that in the middle of the 18th century, when English writer Samuel Richardson published three novels in the form of letters, the epistolary novel was born. In the epistolary novels, for the first time the world of feelings and thoughts of the characters was under observation. At the end of the 19th century, communication by letters increased drastically due to the wider spread of literacy throughout Europe. The writing of letters intensified during the First and Second World Wars, which is considered the last major blooming of the letter genre. This fact is also confirmed by studies on the development of the written communication tradition in Estonia. The article also provides a brief overview about the research and publication of private correspondences in Estonia. In the middle of the 20th century, the Estonian Literary Museum began to systematically deal with the autobiographical heritage (incl. letters) of those persons who had a prominent position in cultural history. In 1984, the serial publication Litteraria: eesti kirjandusloo allikmaterjale (Litteraria: Estonian Literary History Source Materials; since 2005 Litteraria: Estonian Cultural History Source Materials) was founded with the aim of making correspondences, but also various biographical notes, photographs, etc., available to the public. Litteraria has never been published regularly; nevertheless, by 2023 the series had published already twenty-eight issues, which are now also available online (https://www.kirmus.ee/et/teadus/e-litteraria). In 1998, Tuna: Ajalookultuuri ajakiri (The Past: Journal of Historical Culture) came out on the landscape of social science and humanities journals. The new journal included the rubric “Estonian Cultural History Archives”, which allowed the researchers to regularly publish archival sources with commentary four times a year. Over the years, several voluminous text-critical publications of correspondences have been published in parallel with the issues of Litteraria and Tuna, for example, “Akadeemia kirjades” (“Academy in letters”, Olesk 1997), “Minu lamp põleb” (“My lamp is on”, Annuk & Metste 2015), and “Kallid krantsid: Kirjad vangilaagritest ja asumiselt Siberis 1946–1954” (“Dear friends: Letters from prison camps and deportation sites in Siberia 1946–1954”, Kross 2021). The published correspondences have a different historical background, but the common feature of all the authors of the letters is their close connection with Estonian literature. Several historians, literary scholars, cultural historians, folklorists, and philosophers have used private correspondences as source material for their in-depth studies. The analysis of scientific articles of the last decades shows that letters are useful primarily as a source of information that helps to open the hidden aspects of some cultural-historical phenomenon or historical event, for example, the world wars. In addition, different aspects of epistolary practices are also analysed, such as the peculiarities of means of expression, communicativeness or intersubjectivity of letters, etc. Until the turn of the century, prominent creative figures in Estonian cultural history dominated among the authors of the letters used in the studies. In recent decades, a new trend has emerged which shows that researchers have begun to pay more attention to, for example, the love letters and war letters of ordinary people, as well as letters in which the writer shares with the addressee various information about joys and worries of everyday life.

Published
2023
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22. 'Mis on möödas ega see ei kordu…' Kurt Eiskopi kirjad Edith Eiskopile aastaist 1940–1941 kui ajalootunnistaja tunnistus

Author

Maarja Hollo

Subjects
estonian republic, love letters, military service, red army, testimony, ussr, world war ii, Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, GN301-674
Abstract

This article examines the letters of a young Estonian man, Kurt Eiskop (1919–1944), to his beloved and future wife, Edith Eiskop (1919–1991). Kurt Eiskop’s 55 letters were handed over to the Estonian Cultural History Archives in 2022, as a result of the collection campaign “Letters in my life”, a competition organised cooperatively by the Estonian Life Stories Association and the archives. Most of the letters were written between 16 April 1940 and 29 June 1941, while Eiskop was doing his military service in the army of the Estonian Republic. In this article I consider his letters as a testimony of a historical witness, based on what he saw and experienced during the arrival of the Red Army forces in the Estonian Republic in June 1940 and its subsequent annexation. What interests me in Eiskop’s letters as testimony is, first and foremost, the author’s subjective experience, which can be seen in the way emotions are expressed in his letters. As is characteristic of love letters, the main topic of Eiskop’s letters is emotions – longing for the beloved and nostalgia for life before the army. In retrospect, the latter seems like a paradisaical idyll to him, while the present reality seems like being in prison. In addition to the expression of emotions, the subjective experience of the writer emerges in the letters through descriptions of everyday life in the army, which also contain the author’s thoughts, moods, and attitudes toward the new regime. It emerges from Eiskop’s letters that service in the army of the Estonian Republic was disagreeable to him, as it separated him from his beloved and impeded their beginning a life together. The arrival of reinforcements of the Red Army in the Estonian Republic in June 1940 put the Estonian Army and those performing their military service there in a complicated situation: they had to get used to alienating new circumstances and rules; likewise there were fears that the war would spread to the Estonian territory and that soldiers would be sent to fight the war for the Soviet Union. In a politically complicated time, which also entailed complications for personal life, writing letters provided support and a way of sustaining relationship despite being apart. The letters Eiskop wrote to his beloved during his military service became a kind of refuge for him, a safe world, the creation of which was enabled by nostalgic memories. These are poeticised and idealised images of the past which provide comfort and strength, while intensifying his closeness to the addressee. It is interesting that in Eiskop’s letters nostalgia is not always unidirectionally aimed at the past, but some memories are bound to the author’s hopes and plans for the future. However, nostalgia is not the only emotion that Eiskop expresses in his moments of solitude. Eiskop’s letters are also filled with longing for the beloved, expressed by the author in bursts of emotion, sometimes more controlled, sometimes more expressive, in some letters also as desperation.

Published
2023
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23. Conservative treatment of Rockwood type III acromioclavicular joint separation: a randomized controlled trial sling vs. brace

Author

Michael Finsterwald, MD, Mai Lan Dao Trong, MD, David Hollo, MD, Andreas M. Müller, MD, Ulf Riede, MD, and Samy Bouaicha, MD

Subjects
Acromioclavicular joint dislocation, Acromioclavicular joint separation, Rockwood III, Tossy III, Conservative treatment, Brace, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract

Background: Management of Rockwood III acromioclavicular joint separations is a matter of ongoing debate, with nonoperative treatment being favored in recent literature. The aim of this study is to compare clinical and radiological outcomes of nonoperative treatment with a brace, which elicits a direct reduction force to the distal clavicle, to a sling. We hypothesized the brace might yield in better acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) reduction and cosmesis. Methods: In this dual center prospective randomized controlled trial, all patients sustaining an acromioclavicular joint separation Rockwood III between July 2017 and August 2020 were included. Patients with previous ipsi- or contralateral ACJ injury or surgery were excluded. Randomization occurred in the emergency department to either the sling or brace group. Patients were followed up at 1, 6, and 12 weeks. Patient-reported outcome measures included subjective shoulder value (SSV) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score at each follow-up and Constant Score at 6 and 12 weeks. Vertical distal clavicle displacement was assessed on bilateral non-weighted panoramic anteroposterior radiographs using coracoclavicular (CC) distance to calculate the CC-index. Results: Thirty-five consecutive patients were included across the 2 sites, 18 (all male) in the brace and 17 (14 male) in the sling group. Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between groups, the average age was 40 years, and body mass index 25.5 kg/m2. Analysis revealed no statistical difference in CC-index between groups at the time of injury, 6 weeks and 12 weeks postinjury (P = .39, P = .11, and P = .21). SSV improved from 30 and 35 postinjury to 81 and 84 at 12 weeks in the sling and brace group, respectively (P = .59). ASES improved from 48 and 38 to 82 and 83, respectively (P = .84). Similarly, Constant Score improved from 64 and 67 to 82 and 81, respectively (P = .90). One patient in the brace group underwent ACJ stabilization with hamstring autograft at 4 months due to persistent pain. Conclusion: This randomized controlled trial shows no statistically significant difference between the brace and sling group in clinical (SSV, ASES, Constant Score) or radiological (CC-index) outcomes after conservative treatment of Rockwood III injuries.

Published
2023
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24. Youth victim perspective: optimizing presentation of patient-reported outcomes in a violence intervention program

Author

Ashley Hollo, Mark Nimmer, Brooke Cheaton, Marlene Melzer-Lange, and Michael Levas

Subjects
Patient-reported outcome measures, Adolescent, Quality of life, Crime victims, Violence, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Introduction The health, well-being and psychological development of children in urban areas is threatened by exposure to interpersonal violence. Violence intervention programs, such as Project Ujima, provide children with comprehensive treatment following exposure to violence. Services focus on the interruption of the violence cycle, mental health, and developing resiliency. The collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from youth victims of violence informs community-based, programmatic, and individual participant interventions. Although the collection of PROs throughout treatment has been demonstrated to be feasible, youth and crime victim specialist preferences for data presentation is unknown. We sought to determine patient and crime victim specialist preferences regarding which PROs are of interest and how best to visually display them for optimal engagement. Results Fifteen youth and nine crime victim specialists consented to participate. Both preferred visuals with the highest level of color-shading and descriptions. The domains with the highest level of interest among both youth and case workers were social, anger, emotional, school, physical, peer relations, and psychosocial well-being. Youth and crime victim specialists expressed low interest in positive affect, meaning/purpose, physical stress experience, and depression domains. Youth wanted to see their scores compared to others in the program, while crime victim specialists did not think such comparisons would be beneficial. In contrast to youth, crime victim specialists believed youth should see their physical functioning and PTSD scores. Conclusion Youth participants and their crime victim specialists in a violence intervention program desired to see their PROs in a graphical form and agreed on their preference for many of the domains except for PTSD and physical functioning. Both groups preferred visuals with the highest level of shading and descriptions. Further investigation is needed to determine how to implement PRO visuals with the desired domains into regular violence intervention programming. Methods Participants in Project Ujima’s 8-week summer camp, ages 7–18 years, who were either a victim of violent injury, a direct relative of a violent injury victim, or a homicide survivor were recruited for this qualitative study. Crime victim specialists, who work directly with these youth throughout the year, were also recruited to participate. We conducted structured interviews to determine which parameters and visual formats were of highest interest and best understood by youth participants and crime victim specialists.

Published
2023
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26. Troubleshooters for Tasks of Introductory Programming MOOCs

Author

Lepp, Marina, Palts, Tauno, Luik, Piret, Kaspar, Papli, Suviste, Reelika, Säde, Merilin, Hollo, Kaspar, Vaherpuu, Vello, and Tõnisson, Eno

Abstract

Learning programming has become more and more popular and organizing introductory massive open online courses (MOOCs) on programming can be one way to bring this education to the masses. While programming MOOCs usually use automated assessment to give feedback on the submitted code, the lack of understanding of certain aspects of the tasks and feedback given by the automated assessment system can be one persistent problem for many participants. This paper introduces troubleshooters, which are help systems, structured like decision trees, for giving hints and examples of certain aspects of the course tasks. The goal of this paper is to give an overview of usability (benefits and dangers) of, and the participants' feedback on, using troubleshooters. Troubleshooters have been used from the year 2016 in two different programming MOOCs for adults in Estonia. These MOOCs are characterized by high completion rates (50- 70%), which is unusual for MOOCs. Data is gathered from the learning analytics integrated into the troubleshooters' environment, letters from the participants, questionnaires, and tasks conducted through the courses. As it was not compulsory to use troubleshooters, the results indicate that only 19.8% of the users did not use troubleshooters at all and 10% of the participants did not find troubleshooters helpful at all. The main difference that appeared is that the number of questions asked from the organizers about the programming tasks during the courses via helpdesk declined about 29%.

Published
2018

29. Structural, physicochemical and anticancer study of Zn complexes with pyridyl-based thiazolyl-hydrazones

Author

Araškov, Jovana B., Maciejewska, Natalia, Olszewski, Mateusz, Višnjevac, Aleksandar, Blagojević, Vladimir, Fernandes, Henrique S., Sousa, Sérgio F., Puerta, Adrián, Padrón, José M., Holló, Berta Barta, Monge, Miguel, Rodríguez-Castillo, María, López-de-Luzuriaga, José M., Uğuz, Özlem, Koca, Atıf, Todorović, Tamara R., and Filipović, Nenad R.

Published
2023
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31. Begründung

Author

Gallon, Johannes, primary, Hollo, Anna-Lena, additional, and Kießling, Andrea, additional

Published
2023
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32. Vorwort

Author

Gallon, Johannes, primary, Hollo, Anna-Lena, additional, and Kießling, Andrea, additional

Published
2023
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35. Einleitung

Author

Gallon, Johannes, primary, Hollo, Anna-Lena, additional, and Kießling, Andrea, additional

Published
2023
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39. Effects of Classroom-Based Training in Teacher-Led Trial-Based Functional Analysis

Author

Haspel, Mary and Hollo, Alexandra

Abstract

Although functional analysis (FA) is often recommended as a behavioral assessment tool, researchers have identified barriers limiting its use in schools. Trial-based FA (TBFA) was designed to address some of those limitations. However, few studies have examined classroom-based training methods for teachers to implement TBFA, and none have assessed teachers as independent intervention agents. This study addresses these gaps by using an enhanced behavioral skills training package incorporating video self-modeling and performance feedback to train teachers in TBFA with students in the classroom. Following training, all three teachers independently embedded FA trials with fidelity during natural routines.

Published
2021
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40. ArtSeg—Artifact segmentation and removal in brightfield cell microscopy images without manual pixel-level annotations

Author

Mohammed A. S. Ali, Kaspar Hollo, Tõnis Laasfeld, Jane Torp, Maris-Johanna Tahk, Ago Rinken, Kaupo Palo, Leopold Parts, and Dmytro Fishman

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Brightfield cell microscopy is a foundational tool in life sciences. The acquired images are prone to contain visual artifacts that hinder downstream analysis, and automatically removing them is therefore of great practical interest. Deep convolutional neural networks are state-of-the-art for image segmentation, but require pixel-level annotations, which are time-consuming to produce. Here, we propose ScoreCAM-U-Net, a pipeline to segment artifactual regions in brightfield images with limited user input. The model is trained using only image-level labels, so the process is faster by orders of magnitude compared to pixel-level annotation, but without substantially sacrificing the segmentation performance. We confirm that artifacts indeed exist with different shapes and sizes in three different brightfield microscopy image datasets, and distort downstream analyses such as nuclei segmentation, morphometry and fluorescence intensity quantification. We then demonstrate that our automated artifact removal ameliorates this problem. Such rapid cleaning of acquired images using the power of deep learning models is likely to become a standard step for all large scale microscopy experiments.

Published
2022
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41. Effects of a Disability Simulation Activity on the Achievement, Efficacy, Attitudes, and Interests of Preservice Professionals

Author

Hollo, Alexandra, Brigandi, Carla B., Jelsema, Casey M., and Shi, Mingming

Abstract

Introduction: Disability simulation activities are commonly used for various purposes in higher education; however, instructors may be unaware of controversies regarding their use. The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of an activity using low vision goggles to simulate visual impairment in the context of an undergraduate course in special education. We highlight the need for instructors to consider the appropriateness of disability simulation activities given possible counter-therapeutic effects. Methods: In this cluster-randomized trial, 11 classes (248 students) of preservice education and related services professionals were randomized to experimental (lecture + simulation) or control (lecture only) conditions. During a single class session, all students received basic information about visual impairment and watched a video on being a human guide. Students in the experimental group then practiced guiding and being guided while wearing low vision goggles. At the end of class, students completed three Likert-type surveys and later completed a quiz using publisher-developed materials. Results: Results showed individuals in the experimental group reported higher levels of interest and enjoyment than those in the control condition; however, there were no statistically significant differences in attitudes toward persons with visual impairments, confidence or self-efficacy for working with students with visual impairments, content knowledge, or perceptions of activity usefulness. Discussion: Findings of positive engagement in the absence of harmful effects indicate that disability simulation activities should be neither promoted nor denigrated wholesale; instead, instructors must weigh carefully potential benefits and drawbacks. Discussion includes considerations for professional education programs in using such simulations to promote skill acquisition via positive and respectful learning experiences. Implications for practitioners: Instructors who use disability simulation activities are encouraged to consider whether to discontinue this practice or incorporate principles recommended by the disability community and assess outcomes to ensure they are not perpetuating harmful stereotypes.

Published
2021
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43. The sphere of exposure: centering user experience in community science air monitoring.

Author

Westbrook, Marisa, Serrano-Salomón, Valentina, Pecenka, Jay, Sankhyan, Sumit, Hollo, Aniya K., Miller, Shelly L., and Sullivan, Esther

Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL health, AIR quality, ENVIRONMENTAL justice, ZIP codes, POLLUTION, AIR quality monitoring
Abstract

Community science has increased in popularity in communities where residents hope to investigate the relationship between environmental issues and personal health. This study partnered with neighborhoods in the most polluted residential zip code in the US to conduct community science air quality monitoring. We conducted 60 semi-structured interviews after two monitoring deployments to understand participants' subjective experiences of pollution exposure, their engagement with low-cost air quality monitors, and their data interpretation. We utilize the environmental health concept 'exposure experience' to analyze how participants use personal monitors, understand their data, and reinterpret their pollution exposure as a result. We further explore how participants' understandings are circumscribed by the technological features of low-cost monitors. We find that participants adopt both protective and mitigating behavioral changes based on information gained from personal experiments and hypothesis testing while using the monitors. Of their own accord, 40% of participants in this study adopted mitigation behaviors after identifying sources that impacted their personal air quality. Our analysis reveals that real-time data accessibility through low-cost monitors builds exposure awareness and enables residents of environmental justice communities to test, validate, or invalidate sensory experiences and challenge existing assumptions. These findings point to specific pathways for using low-cost monitors to support individual decisionmaking and contribute to behavioral change. Findings also identify some limitations of low-cost monitors; designers of low-cost monitors should consider how composite Air Quality Scores may encourage community scientists to equally value scientifically-established pollutants (e.g., PM) with less scientifically-established pollutants (e.g., TVOCs), without additional scientific training and health-related information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Measuring Tax Alpha.

Author

Arany, Laszlo, Hollo, Laszlo, Wickremasinghe, Joseph, and Oberoi, Raina

Subjects
INDIVIDUAL investors, INVESTMENT management, DOMICILE
Abstract

Individual investors, particularly US domiciled, are becoming more aware of how taxes are impacting their portfolio's returns. As a result, wealth managers need to more frequently explain their portfolio-management decisions in terms of both investment management and tax management. Wealth managers can use the concept known as tax alpha in conjunction with their existing performance-attribution framework to explain a client's after-tax performance. They may find, however, that the framework requires their making several assumptions with no clear guidance about how to specify them. In this article, we enumerate the challenges specific to after-tax attribution and the details of the required assumptions. We propose two frameworks a wealth manager could use to provide transparency around an after-tax attribution calculation. For each framework, we explain how the manager may transparently satisfy the required assumptions. Although our frameworks are robust, we also discuss specific areas in which different approaches could be adopted, specifically related to the handling of securities not in the client's benchmark. Finally, we illustrate our frameworks with detailed examples illustrating how wealth managers can apply them in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Optimization of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner Design to Reduce Residential Air Pollution Exposure for a Community Experiencing Environmental Injustices

Author

Sumit Sankhyan, Nicholas Clements, Allison Heckman, Aniya K. Hollo, Dulce Gonzalez-Beltran, Jonathan Aumann, Cora Morency, Luke Leiden, and Shelly L. Miller

Subjects
portable air cleaner, environmental justice, PM2.5, VOCs, clean air delivery rate, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

The large-scale deployment of Do-it-yourself (DIY) air cleaners, especially in communities that historically bear the brunt of air pollution exposure-related injustices, provides communities a cost-effective option to reduce personal indoor exposure to particulate matter. In this study, we developed nine air cleaner prototypes, altering filter depth and the number and type of filters, and compared their PM2.5 removal effectiveness and maintenance-related parameters prior to deployment in North Denver, Colorado homes. Prototypes containing multiple high efficiency particulate air filters with a minimum reporting value of 13 (MERV13) had higher clean air delivery rates (CADR, >300 m3 h−1) compared to prototypes using a single filter (100–200 m3 h−1), but single-filter designs had comparable values of CADR normalized by initial and annual operating costs. Based on performance, cost, build time, and feedback from the community regarding concerns related to volatile organic compound exposure, the selected prototype (P9) used a combination of an activated carbon filter and single MERV13 filter with a 10.16 cm (4-inch) depth. Following this assessment, 120 of the selected air cleaner prototypes were built and deployed in homes around the communities in North Denver for two separate cohorts; feedback regarding their usage over the course of the deployment showed that in addition to the increased noise levels perceived by the participants, factors such as cold air flow from the air cleaner impacting the thermal comfort and aesthetics of the design reduced their usage time in homes. Future designs of DIY air cleaners could incorporate this feedback to help design improved features such as quieter air cleaners and real-time pollutant monitoring feedback to prompt users to keep them operational at all times of the day.

Published
2023
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46. Climate Change and the Individual in the Finnish Legal System

Author

Hollo, Erkki J., Basedow, Jürgen, Founding Editor, Bermann, George A., Founding Editor, Boele-Woelki, Katharina, Series Editor, Fernández Arroyo, Diego P., Series Editor, Blom, Joost, Editorial Board Member, Curran, Vivian, Editorial Board Member, Ferrari, Giuseppe Franco, Editorial Board Member, Mbengue, Makane Moïse, Editorial Board Member, de Sá Ribeiro, Marilda Rosado, Editorial Board Member, Sieber, Ulrich, Editorial Board Member, Wei, Dan, Editorial Board Member, and Sindico, Francesco, editor

Published
2021
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48. Applying Generalizability Theory to Optimize Analysis of Spontaneous Teacher Talk in Elementary Classrooms

Author

Hollo, Alexandra, Staubitz, Johanna L., and Chow, Jason C.

Abstract

Purpose: Although sampling teachers' child-directed speech in school settings is needed to understand the influence of linguistic input on child outcomes, empirical guidance for measurement procedures needed to obtain representative samples is lacking. To optimize resources needed to transcribe, code, and analyze classroom samples, this exploratory study assessed the minimum number and duration of samples needed for a reliable analysis of conventional and researcher-developed measures of teacher talk in elementary classrooms. Method: This study applied fully crossed, Person (teacher) × Session (samples obtained on 3 separate occasions) generalizability studies to analyze an extant data set of three 10-min language samples provided by 28 general and special education teachers recorded during large-group instruction across the school year. Subsequently, a series of decision studies estimated of the number and duration of sessions needed to obtain the criterion "g" coefficient (g > 0.70). Results: The most stable variables were total number of words and mazes, requiring only a single 10-min sample, two 6-min samples, or three 3-min samples to reach criterion. No measured variables related to content or complexity were adequately stable regardless of number and duration of samples. Conclusions: Generalizability studies confirmed that a large proportion of variance was attributable to individuals rather than the sampling occasion when analyzing the amount and fluency of spontaneous teacher talk. In general, conventionally reported outcomes were more stable than researcher-developed codes, which suggests some categories of teacher talk are more context dependent than others and thus require more intensive data collection to measure reliably.

Published
2020
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49. Supporting Students with Co-Occurring Language and Behavioral Deficits in the Classroom

Author

Chow, Jason C., Walters, Sharon, and Hollo, Alexandra

Abstract

For all children and youth, language underpins success in academic, social, and behavioral interactions. For students with language deficits, even seemingly simple tasks can be challenging and frustrating. Perhaps not surprising, children with language deficits often exhibit high rates of problem behavior, and children with behavior disorders tend to have low language ability. Because language and behavior are fundamental to success in school, teachers need to understand the comorbidity of these challenges, recognize signs that a student may be struggling with language delays, and have strategies to support students who struggle with behavior and language. In the present article, the authors (1) introduce and address co-occurring language and behavioral deficits; (2) overview common types of language difficulties in school; and (3) provide classroom management and instructional strategies to support students with these dual deficits. They conclude that teachers need to recognize signs of language difficulties and refer students for language assessments when appropriate. Teachers can support students with problem behavior and low language skills by maximizing structure and predictability, providing behavior-specific reinforcement and corrective feedback, and increasing students' opportunities to use complex forms of language.

Published
2020
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