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Supplementary Material 2

Supplementary Material 1

Background and state of (inter)national research: Nursing-sensitive events (NSEs) are common and have been found in international studies to occur in hospitalized patient up to 77% of all adverse events. NSEs may or may not be harmful and contribute to the suffering of patients. Additionally, they [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]

Background and status of (inter)national research: Nursing-sensitive events (NSEs) are common and have been found to occur in hospitalized patient up to 75%. NSEs, such as fall-related harm, pressure ulcers, and healthcare-associated infections, are harmful and lead to suffering for patients. Additionally, [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]

Background: Nursing-sensitive events (NSEs) are common among hospitalized patients reaching up to 75%, resulting in increased patient burden and higher medical costs through additional medical procedures and longer length of stay. Especially older patients with high level of co-morbidity, frailty[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], First Joint Conference of the German Society of Nursing Science (DGP) and the European Academy of Nursing Science (EANS)

Additional file 1.

Additional file 2. Initial working definition: Process evaluation.

Additional file 4 Mixed linear regression models with all coefficients. Mixed linear regression models for the dimensions positive affect, negative affect, restless tense behaviour, social relations and social isolation as dependent variables; the severity of agitation and the matching variables as fixed factors; and the care units nested in nursing homes as random factor with all measured coefficients.

Additional file 2.

Additional file 1. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist.

Additional file 3 Density of propensity scores after matching. Comparison of participants with severe agitation with those with mild or no agitation after matching.

Additional file 1 Distribution of propensity scores. Representation of the distribution of propensity scores divided into 1) groups of participants with severe agitation and with mild or no agitation and 2) groups of matched and unmatched participants.

Additional file 5 Mixed linear regression models with the single NPI-Q items defining the construct of agitation. Mixed linear regression models for the dimensions positive affect, negative affect, restless tense behaviour, social relations and social isolation as dependent variables; the severity of each NPI-Q item defining the construct of agitation and the matching variables as fixed factors; and the care units nested in nursing homes as random factor with all measured coefficients.

Additional file 1: Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ): 32-item checklist.

Additional file 3: Description of the code book.

Additional file 2: Innovative dementia-oriented Assessment system (IdA).

Internal consistency and construct validity of the Quality of Life measurement in dementia QUALIDEM - a secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data Abstract. Background: Maintaining and improving the Quality of Life (QoL) of people with dementia is the principal aim of nursing and medical care. The QUALIDEM is a theory-based, dementia-specific QoL instrument in the German language. Until now, however, there are hardly any findings on the construct validity.Evaluation of the item difficulty, internal consistency, discriminant and convergent validity of the German QUALIDEM.The evaluation of the construct validity is based on a Multi-Trait-One-Method approach, using a sample of 167 people with mild to severe dementia and 71 people with very severe dementia.The correlation between the QUALIDEM subscales and the comparative constructs agitation, depression, anxiety, aberrant motoric behavior, apathy, pain and QoL, measured with the Alzheimer's Disease Related Quality of Life instrument, was confirmed in the expected direction in 82 % of the predefined hypotheses. The correlation coefficients range between 0.04 and -0.60 (discriminant validity) and -0.21 and 0.71 (convergent validity). For the majority of QUALIDEM subscales a good internal consistency could be demonstrated.The results indicate first indications for the construct validity of the QUALIDEM subscales and for the further development of the instrument. In future studies, the validity of the German QUALIDEM should be further investigated.

Background: A simulation can be a tool to explore methodological challenges of used study designs or data analysing methods. Here, we provide an R-package for sampling multidimensional distributed data within cluster randomized trails, for stepped wedge design (SWD) trails as well as cross-over and[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 16. Deutscher Kongress für Versorgungsforschung (DKVF)

English version of IdAÂŽ (IdA-EÂŽ) (IdA_english_version.pdf). (PDF 2867 kb)

Quite a few trials of psychosocial interventions in dementia lack impact, and it is unclear whether this reflects a genuine ineffectiveness because of weak methodology in dementia research or addressing the link between effectiveness research and implementation. To show positive impact of the intervention different designs, including systematic process evaluation are needed. Within a stepped-wedge-design the completeness of the intervention rollout in a given interval for each cluster can be measured, and can be integrated in the statistical analysis of the cRCT by setting the treatment mode of the intervention to fractional values between no effect and 100% effectiveness. We emphasize the importance of evaluating the implementation strategies within the effectiveness trial, which means conducting a parallel study to analyze facilitators and barriers as well as the impact of the context. This combined research strategy offers the possibility to gain detailed insight in the full or delay treatment effect.

Objective: Measuring the effect of psychosocialintervention in dementia research is often a challenge because researchers must address complexinterventions and heterogeneous care settings.The ongoing FallDem-study is a stepped-wedged,cluster randomized controlled trial evaluatingthe effect of dementia specific case conferences(DSCC) in 12 nursing homes (Reuther et al. 2014;Holle et al. 2014). Due to the complexity of aDSCC it can be expected that the treatment effectdoesn´t reach 100% effectiveness at the start ofthe intervention. Nursing staff must learn how toconduct DSCC and time is necessary to adopt thepractice to the new knowledge. As such a delayin treatment effect has a great influence on theestimation of the effect size, clear knowledge isneeded about the time point at which a DSCCshows its full effect size to avoid methodologicalpitfalls