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1. Earlier snowmelt may lead to late season declines in plant productivity and carbon sequestration in Arctic tundra ecosystems

Author

Zona, D. (Donatella), Lafleur, P. M. (Peter M.), Hufkens, K. (Koen), Bailey, B. (Barbara), Gioli, B. (Beniamino), Burba, G. (George), Goodrich, J. P. (Jordan P.), Liljedahl, A. K. (Anna K.), Euskirchen, E. S. (Eugénie S.), Watts, J. D. (Jennifer D.), Farina, M. (Mary), Kimball, J. S. (John S.), Heimann, M. (Martin), Göckede, M. (Mathias), Pallandt, M. (Martijn), Christensen, T. R. (Torben R.), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), López-Blanco, E. (Efrén), Jackowicz-Korczynski, M. (Marcin), Dolman, A. J. (Albertus J.), Belelli Marchesini, L. (Luca), Commane, R. (Roisin), Wofsy, S. C. (Steven C.), Miller, C. E. (Charles E.), Lipson, D. A. (David A.), Hashemi, J. (Josh), Arndt, K. A. (Kyle A.), Kutzbach, L. (Lars), Holl, D. (David), Boike, J. (Julia), Wille, C. (Christian), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Kalhori, A. (Aram), Song, X. (Xia), Xu, X. (Xiaofeng), Humphreys, E. R. (Elyn R.), Koven, C. D. (Charles D.), Sonnentag, O. (Oliver), Meyer, G. (Gesa), Gosselin, G. H. (Gabriel H.), Marsh, P. (Philip), Oechel, W. C. (Walter C.), Zona, D. (Donatella), Lafleur, P. M. (Peter M.), Hufkens, K. (Koen), Bailey, B. (Barbara), Gioli, B. (Beniamino), Burba, G. (George), Goodrich, J. P. (Jordan P.), Liljedahl, A. K. (Anna K.), Euskirchen, E. S. (Eugénie S.), Watts, J. D. (Jennifer D.), Farina, M. (Mary), Kimball, J. S. (John S.), Heimann, M. (Martin), Göckede, M. (Mathias), Pallandt, M. (Martijn), Christensen, T. R. (Torben R.), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), López-Blanco, E. (Efrén), Jackowicz-Korczynski, M. (Marcin), Dolman, A. J. (Albertus J.), Belelli Marchesini, L. (Luca), Commane, R. (Roisin), Wofsy, S. C. (Steven C.), Miller, C. E. (Charles E.), Lipson, D. A. (David A.), Hashemi, J. (Josh), Arndt, K. A. (Kyle A.), Kutzbach, L. (Lars), Holl, D. (David), Boike, J. (Julia), Wille, C. (Christian), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Kalhori, A. (Aram), Song, X. (Xia), Xu, X. (Xiaofeng), Humphreys, E. R. (Elyn R.), Koven, C. D. (Charles D.), Sonnentag, O. (Oliver), Meyer, G. (Gesa), Gosselin, G. H. (Gabriel H.), Marsh, P. (Philip), and Oechel, W. C. (Walter C.)

Abstract

Arctic warming is affecting snow cover and soil hydrology, with consequences for carbon sequestration in tundra ecosystems. The scarcity of observations in the Arctic has limited our understanding of the impact of covarying environmental drivers on the carbon balance of tundra ecosystems. In this study, we address some of these uncertainties through a novel record of 119 site-years of summer data from eddy covariance towers representing dominant tundra vegetation types located on continuous permafrost in the Arctic. Here we found that earlier snowmelt was associated with more tundra net CO₂ sequestration and higher gross primary productivity (GPP) only in June and July, but with lower net carbon sequestration and lower GPP in August. Although higher evapotranspiration (ET) can result in soil drying with the progression of the summer, we did not find significantly lower soil moisture with earlier snowmelt, nor evidence that water stress affected GPP in the late growing season. Our results suggest that the expected increased CO₂ sequestration arising from Arctic warming and the associated increase in growing season length may not materialize if tundra ecosystems are not able to continue sequestering CO₂ later in the season.

Published
2022

2. The ABCflux database:Arctic–boreal CO₂ flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

Author

Virkkala, A.-M. (Anna-Maria), Natali, S. M. (Susan M.), Rogers, B. M. (Brendan M.), Watts, J. D. (Jennifer D.), Savage, K. (Kathleen), Connon, S. J. (Sara June), Mauritz, M. (Marguerite), Schuur, E. A. (Edward A. G.), Peter, D. (Darcy), Minions, C. (Christina), Nojeim, J. (Julia), Commane, R. (Roisin), Emmerton, C. A. (Craig A.), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Helbig, M. (Manuel), Holl, D. (David), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Kobayashi, H. (Hideki), Kolari, P. (Pasi), López-Blanco, E. (Efrén), Marushchak, M. E. (Maija E.), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Merbold, L. (Lutz), Parmentier, F. W. (Frans-Jan W.), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Sonnentag, O. (Oliver), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Voigt, C. (Carolina), Aurela, M. (Mika), Boike, J. (Julia), Celis, G. (Gerardo), Chae, N. (Namyi), Christensen, T. R. (Torben R.), Bret-Harte, M. S. (M. Syndonia), Dengel, S. (Sigrid), Dolman, H. (Han), Edgar, C. W. (Colin W.), Elberling, B. (Bo), Euskirchen, E. (Eugenie), Grelle, A. (Achim), Hatakka, J. (Juha), Humphreys, E. (Elyn), Järveoja, J. (Järvi), Kotani, A. (Ayumi), Kutzbach, L. (Lars), Laurila, T. (Tuomas), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Mammarella, I. (Ivan), Matsuura, Y. (Yojiro), Meyer, G. (Gesa), Nilsson, M. B. (Mats B.), Oberbauer, S. F. (Steven F.), Park, S.-J. (Sang-Jong), Petrov, R. (Roman), Prokushkin, A. S. (Anatoly S.), Schulze, C. (Christopher), St. Louis, V. L. (Vincent L.), Tuittila, E.-S. (Eeva-Stiina), Tuovinen, J.-P. (Juha-Pekka), Quinton, W. (William), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Zona, D. (Donatella), Zyryanov, V. I. (Viacheslav I.), Virkkala, A.-M. (Anna-Maria), Natali, S. M. (Susan M.), Rogers, B. M. (Brendan M.), Watts, J. D. (Jennifer D.), Savage, K. (Kathleen), Connon, S. J. (Sara June), Mauritz, M. (Marguerite), Schuur, E. A. (Edward A. G.), Peter, D. (Darcy), Minions, C. (Christina), Nojeim, J. (Julia), Commane, R. (Roisin), Emmerton, C. A. (Craig A.), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Helbig, M. (Manuel), Holl, D. (David), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Kobayashi, H. (Hideki), Kolari, P. (Pasi), López-Blanco, E. (Efrén), Marushchak, M. E. (Maija E.), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Merbold, L. (Lutz), Parmentier, F. W. (Frans-Jan W.), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Sonnentag, O. (Oliver), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Voigt, C. (Carolina), Aurela, M. (Mika), Boike, J. (Julia), Celis, G. (Gerardo), Chae, N. (Namyi), Christensen, T. R. (Torben R.), Bret-Harte, M. S. (M. Syndonia), Dengel, S. (Sigrid), Dolman, H. (Han), Edgar, C. W. (Colin W.), Elberling, B. (Bo), Euskirchen, E. (Eugenie), Grelle, A. (Achim), Hatakka, J. (Juha), Humphreys, E. (Elyn), Järveoja, J. (Järvi), Kotani, A. (Ayumi), Kutzbach, L. (Lars), Laurila, T. (Tuomas), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Mammarella, I. (Ivan), Matsuura, Y. (Yojiro), Meyer, G. (Gesa), Nilsson, M. B. (Mats B.), Oberbauer, S. F. (Steven F.), Park, S.-J. (Sang-Jong), Petrov, R. (Roman), Prokushkin, A. S. (Anatoly S.), Schulze, C. (Christopher), St. Louis, V. L. (Vincent L.), Tuittila, E.-S. (Eeva-Stiina), Tuovinen, J.-P. (Juha-Pekka), Quinton, W. (William), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Zona, D. (Donatella), and Zyryanov, V. I. (Viacheslav I.)

Abstract

Past efforts to synthesize and quantify the magnitude and change in carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems across the rapidly warming Arctic–boreal zone (ABZ) have provided valuable information but were limited in their geographical and temporal coverage. Furthermore, these efforts have been based on data aggregated over varying time periods, often with only minimal site ancillary data, thus limiting their potential to be used in large-scale carbon budget assessments. To bridge these gaps, we developed a standardized monthly database of Arctic–boreal CO₂ fluxes (ABCflux) that aggregates in situ measurements of terrestrial net ecosystem CO₂ exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes: gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. The data span from 1989 to 2020 with over 70 supporting variables that describe key site conditions (e.g., vegetation and disturbance type), micrometeorological and environmental measurements (e.g., air and soil temperatures), and flux measurement techniques. Here, we describe these variables, the spatial and temporal distribution of observations, the main strengths and limitations of the database, and the potential research opportunities it enables. In total, ABCflux includes 244 sites and 6309 monthly observations; 136 sites and 2217 monthly observations represent tundra, and 108 sites and 4092 observations represent the boreal biome. The database includes fluxes estimated with chamber (19 % of the monthly observations), snow diffusion (3 %) and eddy covariance (78 %) techniques. The largest number of observations were collected during the climatological summer (June–August; 32 %), and fewer observations were available for autumn (September–October; 25 %), winter (December–February; 18 %), and spring (March–May; 25 %). ABCflux can be used in a wide array of empirical, remote sensing and modeling studies to improve understanding of the regional and temporal variability in CO₂ fluxes and to better es

Published
2022

3. ORCHIDEE-PEAT (revision 4596), a model for northern peatland CO2, water, and energy fluxes on daily to annual scales

Author

Qiu, C. (Chunjing), Zhu, D. (Dan), Ciais, P. (Philippe), Guenet, B. (Bertrand), Krinner, G. (Gerhard), Peng, S. (Shushi), Aurela, M. (Mika), Bernhofer, C. (Christian), Brümmer, C. (Christian), Bret-Harte, S. (Syndonia), Chu, H. (Housen), Chen, J. (Jiquan), Desai, A.R. (Ankur R.), Dušek, J. (Jǐrí), Euskirchen, E.S. (Eugénie S.), Fortuniak, K. (Krzysztof), Flanagan, L.B. (Lawrence B.), Friborg, T. (Thomas), Grygoruk, M. (Mateusz), Gogo, S. (Sébastien), Grünwald, T. (Thomas), Hansen, B.U. (Birger U.), Holl, D. (David), Humphreys, E. (Elyn), Hurkuck, M. (Miriam), Kiely, G. (Gerard), Klatt, J. (Janina), Kutzbach, L. (Lars), Largeron, C. (Chloé), Laggoun-Défarge, F. (Fatima), Lund, M. (Magnus), Lafleur, P.M. (Peter M.), Li, X. (Xuefei), Mammarella, I. (Ivan), Merbold, L. (Lutz), Nilsson, M.B. (Mats B.), Olejnik, J. (Janusz), Ottosson-Löfvenius, M. (Mikaell), Oechel, W. (Walter), Parmentier, F.-J.W. (Frans-Jan W.), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Pirk, N. (Norbert), Peltola, O. (Olli), Pawlak, W. (Włodzimierz), Rasse, D. (Daniel), Rinne, J. (Janne), Shaver, G. (Gaius), Peter Schmid, H. (Hans), Sottocornola, M. (Matteo), Steinbrecher, R. (Rainer), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Urbaniak, M. (Marek), Zona, D. (Donatella), Ziemblinska, K. (Klaudia), Qiu, C. (Chunjing), Zhu, D. (Dan), Ciais, P. (Philippe), Guenet, B. (Bertrand), Krinner, G. (Gerhard), Peng, S. (Shushi), Aurela, M. (Mika), Bernhofer, C. (Christian), Brümmer, C. (Christian), Bret-Harte, S. (Syndonia), Chu, H. (Housen), Chen, J. (Jiquan), Desai, A.R. (Ankur R.), Dušek, J. (Jǐrí), Euskirchen, E.S. (Eugénie S.), Fortuniak, K. (Krzysztof), Flanagan, L.B. (Lawrence B.), Friborg, T. (Thomas), Grygoruk, M. (Mateusz), Gogo, S. (Sébastien), Grünwald, T. (Thomas), Hansen, B.U. (Birger U.), Holl, D. (David), Humphreys, E. (Elyn), Hurkuck, M. (Miriam), Kiely, G. (Gerard), Klatt, J. (Janina), Kutzbach, L. (Lars), Largeron, C. (Chloé), Laggoun-Défarge, F. (Fatima), Lund, M. (Magnus), Lafleur, P.M. (Peter M.), Li, X. (Xuefei), Mammarella, I. (Ivan), Merbold, L. (Lutz), Nilsson, M.B. (Mats B.), Olejnik, J. (Janusz), Ottosson-Löfvenius, M. (Mikaell), Oechel, W. (Walter), Parmentier, F.-J.W. (Frans-Jan W.), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Pirk, N. (Norbert), Peltola, O. (Olli), Pawlak, W. (Włodzimierz), Rasse, D. (Daniel), Rinne, J. (Janne), Shaver, G. (Gaius), Peter Schmid, H. (Hans), Sottocornola, M. (Matteo), Steinbrecher, R. (Rainer), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Urbaniak, M. (Marek), Zona, D. (Donatella), and Ziemblinska, K. (Klaudia)

Abstract

Peatlands store substantial amounts of carbon and are vulnerable to climate change. We present a modified version of the Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model for simulating the hydrology, surface energy, and CO2 fluxes of peatlands on daily to annual timescales. The model includes a separate soil tile in each 0.5° grid cell, defined from a g

Published
2018
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