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This study investigated the influence of childhood IQ on the relationships between risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in adulthood. Participants were from the Midspan prospective cohort studies which were conducted on adults in Scotland in the 1970s. Data on risk factors were collected from a questionnaire and at a screening examination, and participants were followed up for 25 years for hospital admissions and mortality. 938 Midspan participants were successfully matched with their age 11 IQ from the Scottish Mental Survey 1932, in which 1921-born children attending schools in Scotland took a cognitive ability test. Childhood IQ was negatively correlated with diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and positively correlated with height and respiratory function in adulthood. For each of CVD, CHD and stroke, defined as either a hospital admission or death, there was an increased relative rate per standard deviation decrease (15 points) in childhood IQ of 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.01-1.23), 1.16 (l.03-1.32) and 1.10 (0.88-1.36), respectively. With events divided into those first occurring before and those first occurring after the age of 65, the relationships between childhood IQ and CVD, CHD and stroke were only seen before age 65 and not after age 65. Blood pressure, height, respiratory function and smoking were associated with CVD events. Relationships were stronger in the early compared to the later period for smoking and FEV1, and stronger in the later compared to the earlier period for blood pressure. Adjustment for childhood IQ had small attenuating effects on the risk factor--CVD relationship before age 65 and no effects after age 65. Adjustment for risk factors attenuated the childhood IQ--CVD relationship by a small amount before age 65. Childhood IQ was associated with CVD risk factors and events and can be considered an important new risk factor. Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Cohort; Mental ability; Mortality; Risk factors; Scotland

`Century' spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Reg. no. CV-281, PI 603073) was developed at the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 1997. It was initially selected at Logan, UT, [...]

`Statehood' spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Reg. no. CV-282, PI 603074) was developed at the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 1997. It was initially selected at Logan, UT, [...]

'Goldeneye' spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Reg. no. CV-320, PI 639193) was developed at the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2005. Goldeneye has been tested as the breeding [...]

'Deloris' hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV-934, PI 631447) was developed by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UAES) and released in August 2002. Deloris was released [...]

`Golden Spike' hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. CV-917, PI 614813) was developed by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UAES) and released in 1999. Previous designations for [...]

`Millennium' spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Reg. no. CV-292, PI 614659) was developed by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UAES) and released in 2000. It was initially selected at Logan, [...]

`Brigham' spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Reg. no. CV-293, PI 613579) was developed by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UAES) and released in 1998. It was initially selected at Logan, [...]

Studies the influence of volume and specialization on survival following surgery for colorectal cancer. Findings that the differences in outcome reflects the degree of doctor specialization rather than case volume; Conclusion that increased specialization will lead to improvements in survival.

Examines whether emergency presentation of colorectal cancer is associated with poor five-year survival of patients. Differences in postoperative mortality and survival between patients undergoing elective surgery and those presenting as an emergency; Baseline characteristics of patients by mode of presentation.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that survival following surgery for colorectal cancer is better in women than men. However, the findings were inconsistent and few studies adjusted for casemix. The aim of the present study was to establish whether there were gender differences in survival following surgery for colorectal cancer after adjusting for case-mix. Methods: Some 3200 patients who underwent resection for colorectal cancer between 1991 and 1994 in 11 hospitals in Scotland were included in the study. Five-year survival rates, and the corresponding hazard ratios, adjusted for age, mode of presentation, site of tumour, the nature of surgery and Dukes' stage, were calculated for men and women. Results: Overall survival at 5 years was higher in women than men, in those with colonic tumours, those who underwent elective surgery and those who underwent apparently curative resection (all P < 0·001). Cancer-specific survival at 5 years was also higher in women (P = 0·008) and those who underwent elective surgery (P < 0·001). The adjusted hazard ratios, for women relative to men following curative resection, were 0·76 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·68 to 0·85) (P < 0·001) for overall survival and 0·84 (95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 0·98) (P = 0·021) for cancer-specific survival. Conclusion: Following apparently curative resection for colorectal cancer and after adjusting for case-mix, there was an excess of both cancer-related and intercurrent deaths in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outcome, adjusted for case-mix and deprivation, in 3200 patients undergoing resection for colorectal cancer in 11 hospitals in Central Scotland between 1991 and 1994 was studied. There were significant differences among individual hospitals in the proportion of elderly (P<0.001) and deprived (P<0.0001) patients, the mode (P=0.007) and stage (P<0.0001) at presentation, and the proportion of patients who underwent apparently curative resection (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in postoperative mortality. Cancer-specific survival at 5 years following apparently curative resection varied from 59 to 76%; cancer-specific survival at 2 years following palliative resection varied from 22 to 44%. The corresponding hazard ratios, adjusted for the above prognostic factors, for patients undergoing apparently curative resection varied among hospitals from 0.58 to 1.32; and the ratios for palliative resection varied from 0.73 to 1.26. This study demonstrates that, after adjustment for variations in case-mix and deprivation, significant differences in outcome among hospitals following resection for colorectal cancer persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines ploidy levels and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) variation in Bromus section Ceratochloa germplasm of Patagonia Andes region of South America. Correlation between geographical distances and genetic similarities among hexaploid accessions; Determination of the relative content of each accession by flow cytometry of stained nuclei.

Describes chromosome pairing and fertility in F1 hybrids between North American tetraploids and Leymus flavescens Pilger, a long-lived, strongly rhizomatous, tetraploid perennial grass of the tribe Triticeae. Use of genome-specific random amplified polymorphic DNA markers to verify the genomic composition of L. flavescens; Presence of Ns genome and lack of the St genome.

Assesses the relationship between forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and mortality risks among men and women in Renfrew and Paisley, Scotland. Trends of mortality risks in diminishing FEV1; Impaired lung function as a major clinical indicator of deaths in men and women for a wide range of diseases.

Counts of melanocytic naevi of 2 mm or greater diameter on all body sites were conducted in 197 Caucasian adults in Scotland. Mean naevus numbers were greater in young than in older adults, and in females than in males. Naevus counts on the upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk were strongly and significantly correlated with each other and with whole body counts. Thus, where whole body counts are impractical, counting naevi at any of these individual sites should provide a satisfactory method for studying naevus distribution in large populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents several correspondence on medical research. Improvement on the investigation of complaints; Importance of ultrasonography on the patency of the cystic ducts; Hazards of long distance cycling.

Examines the risk of melanoma related to exposure to fluorescent lights, ultraviolet lamps, and sunbeds in a case study in Scotland. Relation between the incidence of melanoma and different wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation; Increase in the risk of melanoma; Concerns on the widespread use of certain lights in modern societies.

Evaluates benign melanocytic naevi as a risk factor for malignant melanoma. Formation of high risk melanocytes; Suggestions on people with large numbers of benign melanocytic naevi; Investigation of aetiology of benign melanocytic naevi.

Examines the relation between phenotype and banal melanocytic naevi. Risk factors for the development of melanocytic naevi in relation to the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma; Essence of hormonal factors in the increase in the numbers of naevi at puberty; Review of naevi in relation to skin type.