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A new sample environment, called Bio-Oven, has been built for the Neutron Spin Echo (NSE) Spectrometer J-NSE Phoenix. It provides active temperature control and the possibility to perform Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements during the neutron measurement. DLS provides diffusion coefficients of the dissolved nanoparticles, and thus one can monitor the aggregation state of the sample on a time scale of minutes during the spin echo measurement times on the order of days. This approach helps to validate the NSE data or to replace the sample when its aggregation state influences the spin echo measurement results. The new Bio-Oven is an in situ DLS setup based on optical fibers decoupling the free space optics around the sample cuvette in a lightproof casing from the laser sources and the detectors. It collects light from three scattering angles simultaneously. Six different values of momentum transfer can be accessed by switching between two different laser colors. Test experiments were performed with silica nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 20 nm up to 300 nm. Their hydrodynamic radii were determined from DLS measurements and compared with the ones obtained by a commercial particle sizer. It was demonstrated that also the static light scattering signal can be processed and gives meaningful results. The protein sample apomyoglobin was used for a long-term test and in a first neutron measurement using the new Bio-Oven. The results prove that the aggregation state of the sample can be followed using in situ DLS along with the neutron measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to decide which of the two possible thermodynamic expressions for the cooperativity length in glass forming liquids is the correct one. In the derivation of these two expressions, the occurrence of temperature fluctuations in the considered nanoscale subsystems is either included or neglected. Consequently, our analysis gives also an answer to the widely discussed problem whether temperature fluctuations have to be generally accounted for in thermodynamics or not. To this end, the characteristic length-scales at equal times and temperatures for propylene glycol were determined independently from AC calorimetry in both the above specified ways and from quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS), and compared. The result shows that the cooperative length determined from QENS coincides most consistently with the cooperativity length determined from AC calorimetry measurements for the case that the effect of temperature fluctuations is incorporated in the description. This conclusion indicates that--accounting for temperature fluctuations--the characteristic length can be derived by thermodynamic considerations from the specific parameters of the liquid at glass transition and that temperature does fluctuate in small systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the structure and dynamics of microemulsions adjacent to a planar hydrophilic wall have been characterized using grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering (GISANS) and grazing incidence neutron spin echo (GINSES) spectroscopy, respectively. It has been found that a bicontinuous microemulsion develops a lamellar structure, and that the relaxation rate is faster for a membrane close to the interface compared to the bulk. A model developed by Seifert was employed to explain the discovered acceleration for the near-surface lamellar ordered membranes. In this contribution we present how confinement of a flat interface influences the elastic properties of surfactant membranes and discuss the effect of locally introduced flat interfaces by clay platelets. This analysis sheds light onto the undulation mode spectrum of the surfactant membrane.

Neutron spin echo (NSE) method at a pulsed neutron source presents new challenges to the data reduction and analysis as compared to the instruments installed at reactor sources. The main advantage of the pulsed source NSE is the ability to resolve the neutron wavelength and collect neutrons over a wider bandwidth. This allows us to more precisely determine the symmetry phase and measure the data for several Q-values at the same time. Based on the experience gained at the SNS NSE – the first, and to date the only one, NSE instrument installed at a pulsed spallation source, we propose a novel and unified approach to the NSE data processing.

After the dynamics of microemulsions adjacent to a planar hydrophilic wall have been characterized using grazing incidence neutron spin echo spectroscopy, the model of Seifert was employed to explain the discovered acceleration for the surface near lamellar ordered membranes. Reflections of hydrodynamic waves by the wall – or the volume conservation between the membrane and the wall – explain faster relaxations and, therefore, a lubrication effect that is important for flow fields in narrow pores. The whole scenery is now spectated by using different scenarios of a bicontinuous microemulsion exposed to clay particles and of a lamellar microemulsion adjacent to a planar wall. The Seifert concept could successfully be transferred to the new problems.

We performed quasielastic neutron scattering experiments and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) homopolymer system above the melting point. The excellent agreement found between both sets of data, together with a successful comparison with literature diffraction results, validates the condensed-phase optimized molecular potentials for atomistic simulation studies (COMPASS) force field used to produce our dynamic runs and gives support to their further analysis. This provided direct information on magnitudes which are not accessible from experiments such as the radial probability distribution functions of specific atoms at different times and their moments. The results of our simulations on the H-motions and different experiments indicate that in the high-temperature range investigated the dynamics is Rouse-like for Q-values below ≈0.6 Å-1. We then addressed the single chain dynamic structure factor with the simulations. A mode analysis, not possible directly experimentally, reveals the limits of applicability of the Rouse model to PEO. We discuss the possible origins for the observed deviations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the dynamics of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in thin organic films of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)-aluminum (Alq[sub 3]) doped with small amounts of the laser dye 4-dicyanmethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM). The energy transfer from the initially photoexcited Alq[sub 3] to the DCM molecules affects the high excitation density dynamics significantly. The time delay between pulsed photoexcitation and the ASE burst depends on the pumping level. For higher pumping levels the competition between depopulation by ASE and refilling of the DCM states via energy transfer leads to an oscillatory emission with a fundamental frequency of up to 0.2 THz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]