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Alternative sources of anticoagulants have arisen as a result of the increasing demand for safer anticoagulant clinical therapy, and the sulfated polysaccharides of seaweeds have gained attention in biomedicine. In this study, crude sulfated polysaccharide fractions (denominated Hf1, Hf2 and Hf3) were obtained from the red marine alga Halymenia floresia and the anticoagulant properties of a soluble crude polysaccharide fraction (Hf2s) were assayed. The three differential extractions yielded 38.6%. The polysaccharides are composed mainly of galactose, with small amounts of xylose and glucose. The anticoagulant properties of Hf2s containing 53.8% sulfate and 3% protein was also compared to those of heparin (193.0 IU mg-1) by assays of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) using normal human plasma. Hf2s showed a higher anticoagulant activity (68.4 IU mg-1) than those of Hf1s and Hf3s, whose activities were 37.6 and 36.6 IU mg-1, respectively. The compound was less active than heparin, but its anticoagulant mechanism suggested that it is dependent on cofactor heparin II to inhibit thrombin activity, but not on cofactors VIII and IX. Therefore, the polysaccharide from H. floresia interfered on coagulation cascade. Alternative sources of anticoagulants have arisen as a result of the increasing demand for safer anticoagulant clinical therapy, and the sulfated polysaccharides of seaweeds have gained attention in biomedicine. In this study, crude sulfated polysaccharide fractions (denominated Hf1, Hf2 and Hf3) were obtained from the red marine alga Halymenia floresia and the anticoagulant properties of a soluble crude polysaccharide fraction (Hf2s) were assayed. The three differential extractions yielded 38.6%. The polysaccharides are composed mainly of galactose, with small amounts of xylose and glucose. The anticoagulant properties of Hf2s containing 53.8% sulfate and 3% protein was also compared to those of heparin (193.0 IU mg-1) by assays of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) using normal human plasma. Hf2s showed a higher anticoagulant activity (68.4 IU mg-1) than those of Hf1s and Hf3s, whose activities were 37.6 and 36.6 IU mg-1, respectively. The compound was less active than heparin, but its anticoagulant mechanism suggested that it is dependent on cofactor heparin II to inhibit thrombin activity, but not on cofactors VIII and IX. Therefore, the polysaccharide from H. floresia interfered on coagulation cascade.

ALVES, Antônio Willame da Silva. Técnicas de maricultura da macroalga vermelha Gracilaria birdiae na praia de Flecheiras, Trairi/Ce: efeito de parâmetros ambientais e climáticos sobre a produção de biomassa e extração de ágar. 2016. 63 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. The red seaweed Gracilaria birdiae, abundant in Ceará, produce, among other polysaccharides, agar, a ficocolóide of great commercial importance because of its thickening properties, stabilizers and gelling agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the climatic and environmental parameters in Flecheiras Beach –Trairi, through the dry and rainy season on the production yield of the biomass of G. birdiae, using conventional Long Line (LL) and Long Line with tubular net (RT) and on the yield of agar extraction from cultured seaweed. The LL technique consisted of 4 modules of 10 mm twisted polystyrene rope and the RT was composed of 4 modules of 0.7 mm nylon tubular net and 7 cm internodes, both of which were kept anchored and suspended on the surface of the column Water by buoys. The initial biomass of G.birdiae used in each module was 1.2 kg. The biomass yield (RB), the Daily Growth Rate (TCD) of the seaweed, the environmental parameters (pH, salinity, N-NH3 / NH4 +, N-NO2-, N-NO3- and PO43-) and the yield of agar were evaluated during the dry seasons (July to December) and rainy (January to June) in periods of cultivation of 30 and 45 days. The climatic parameters (cumulative precipitation and mean wind velocity) of the culture site were supplied monthly by FUNCEME. The highest RB were obtained in the dry season, reaching 0.85 kg m-1 for RT in 45 days of cultivation, as well as the highest TCDs, with a maximum of 5% day-1, despite the high wind speeds observed for this season. The lowest RB and TCD were observed in the rainy season (0.16 kg m-1 and 0.6% day-1 for RT45 respectively). The yields agar extraction of the cultivated seaweed varied between 11 and 20%, but without significant difference, as well as the values of environmental parameters (pH, N-NO3-, PO43-) between dry and rainy seasons. N-NH3 / NH4 + was detected only in the rainy season. Therefore, Flecheiras Beach, Trairi-Ce presented as a potential site for the cultivation of G. birdiae through the LL and RT techniques, reaching commercially viable high RB and TCD, but such indices were significantly influenced by the dry and Rainy season, and alterations and adaptations of the crop structures are necessary to the climatic conditions presented by each season of the year aiming to optimize the production of algal biomass. A alga marinha vermelha Gracilaria birdiae é abundante no litoral cearense e biossintetiza, dentre outros polissacarídeos, o ágar, um ficocolóide de grande importância industrial devido às suas propriedades espessantes, estabilizantes e gelificantes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos parâmetros climáticos e ambientais das estações seca e chuvosa da Praia de Flecheiras-Trairi/CE sobre o rendimento de produção da macroalga agarófita G. birdiae, através das técnicas de Long Line convencional (LL) e Long Line com rede tubular (RT) e sobre o rendimento da extração de ágar das algas cultivadas. A técnica LL foi constituída por 4 módulos de corda de poliestileno torcida de 10 mm e a RT foi composta por 4 módulos de rede tubular de nylon de 0,7 mm e espaço entrenós de 7 cm, ambas mantidas ancoradas e suspensas na superfície da coluna d´agua por boias. A biomassa inicial de G.birdiae utilizada em cada módulo foi de 1,2 kg. O rendimento de biomassa (RB), a Taxa de Crescimento Diário (TCD) da alga, os parâmetros ambientais (pH, salinidade, N-NH3/NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3- e PO43-) e o rendimento de ágar da alga cultivada foram avaliados durante as estações seca (julho a dezembro) e chuvosa (janeiro a junho) em períodos de cultivo de 30 e 45 dias. Os parâmetros climáticos (precipitação acumulada e velocidade média dos ventos) do sítio de cultivo foram fornecidos mensalmente pela FUNCEME. Os maiores RB foram obtidos na estação seca, alcançando 0,85 Kg m-1 para RT em 45 dias de cultivo, assim como as maiores TCDs, com máxima de 5% dia-1, apesar das altas velocidades dos ventos observadas para essa estação. Já os menores RB e TCD foram observados na estação chuvosa (0,16 Kg m-1 e 0,6% dia-1 para RT45 respectivamente). Os rendimentos de extração de ágar (AGb) das algas cultivadas variaram entre 11 e 20%, porém sem diferença significativa, assim como os valores dos parâmetros ambientais (pH, N-NO3-, PO43-) entre as estações seca e chuvosa. N-NH3/NH4+ foi detectada apenas na estação chuvosa. Portanto, a Praia de Flecheiras, Trairi-Ce se apresentou como um sítio potencial para o cultivo de G. birdiae através das técnicas LL e RT, alcançando altos RB e TCD, viáveis comercialmente, porém, tais índices sofreram influência significativa das estações seca e chuvosa, sendo necessárias alterações e adequações das estruturas de cultivo às condições climáticas apresentadas por cada estação do ano visando otimizar a produção de biomassa algácea.