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To assess if a high-level mobility programme (HLMP) can promote sustained participation in physical activity by adolescents with cerebral palsy. Eight adolescents with cerebral palsy, Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I-II, 11–16 years, participated in 24 community-based group HLMP sessions across 12 weeks. Participants set attendance, involvement, and physical performance goals, completed activity diaries over 58 weeks and undertook physical capacity tests. Measures of activity frequency and diversity (attendance) and involvement level were collected weekly across baseline (4–6 weeks), intervention (12 weeks), and nine months follow-up (including Covid lockdown). Median attendance was 23 of 24 HLMP sessions. Attendance goal/s attainment was highest during COVID lockdown. Involvement goals were consistently attained throughout all phases. Physical performance goal/s attainment was highest during intervention phase but reduced during nine months follow-up. Frequency of participation in physical activities varied greatly across study phases (range 0–33 episodes/week) with stable variety of activities and generally high 'involvement.' During the intervention, seven participants improved physical capacity and six maintained, or increased, the gains six months later. Most participants improved physical capacity post-intervention but only some had sustained attendance and involvement in physical activity, highlighting the complexity of physical activity participation. Health professionals' promotion of sustained participation in physical activity needs to consider individual preferences for frequency, diversity and duration. Supporting and measuring involvement in physical activity should be prioritised as a key outcome of an intervention. Physical activity interventions should be followed up for longer than six months to determine sustained changes in participation outcomes Measuring physical capacity and performance gains alone is insufficient to determine sustained, meaningful participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the experiences of involvement of adolescents living with cerebral palsy, and their parents, while participating in physical activity. Understanding involvement in physical activity may be used to guide future participation. Methods: Eight adolescents (mean age 13 years 11 months, SD 1 year 6 months) with cerebral palsy participated in a New Zealand-based high-level mobility programme (HLMP) focused on running skills, twice per week for 12 weeks. The adolescents and 12 parents were interviewed before, after the 12 weeks and 9-months following the HLMP. Guided by interpretative description, 38 interviews were coded, analysed, and interpreted. Results: Four themes were: "Turning up is not enough" ("There's no point being there if you're not involved"); "In it all the way", "Changes on a dime", and "What works for me." Perceptions of involvement varied between adolescents and parents. Being "very involved" related to high levels of focus, concentration, effort; but not always enjoyment. Conclusions: Focusing on enjoyment as the key experience of involvement understates the complexity and dynamic nature of involvement. "Being involved" is not always easy and may not mean the absence of discomfort or effort. Optimising the individuals' involvement continuum during physical activity may be essential to promote lifelong participation. Adolescents living with cerebral palsy and their parents have differing perspective of involvement and utilise different strategies to encourage being and staying active. Teaching adolescents living with cerebral palsy about their involvement continuum and optimal level of involvement for each activity, context and environment could promote sustained participation. To ensure adolescents are "being involved" in physical activity, opportunities for engagement, motivation and persistence are important; enjoyment is a possible, but not essential attribute of involvement. Encouraging involvement in physical activity can be a source of family conflict from a young age therefore clinicians have a role as an essential supporter, motivator and educator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virginia Tech has intentionally moved beyond the traditional policy-heavy approach to department head orientation to employ a robust leadership development program for new and aspiring academic leaders and faculty. The annual program begins with a full-day workshop in mid-August, and continues throughout the fall semester with a series of shorter workshops and discussions designed to share leadership theory and content as well as build collaborative discussions supporting practical application. Building on principles foundational to Transformational Leadership, Authentic Leadership, and Self-Determination Theory, the program enjoys robust university-wide support and participation, and receives highly positive feedback from both participants and university leadership.

In Western thought, the relationship between the moral and political domains has been dominated by a version of political philosophy which, based on the distinction between "public" and "private," argues that the moral is different from the political. In parallel, and related to this, has been a delineation of the "political" as concerned with structural aspects of representative democracy, privileging electoral behaviour in particular. We challenge this distinction on the basis that it is not useful for addressing the motivational dimensions of political behaviour, which are crucial for crafting citizenship education. We explore the ways in which the concept of citizenship has become contested in the realities of the range of contemporary political engagement, and how current debates, for example that between liberals and communitarians, expose the underlying moral perspectives behind their theory and their prescriptions. Emerging from this we present an argument for three different modes of civic engagement; "voting," "helping" and "making one's voice heard," in which the moral and political play out differently. This model is explored through data from a study of British young people's involvement with civic issues and actions. (Contains 4 tables and 9 notes.)

Identify perceptions of parents and caregivers of children with cerebral palsy about being consumer research partners and identify strategies to inform involvement of parents in cerebral palsy research. Twenty-two parents in New South Wales and Victoria (Australia) participated in this qualitative study. Seven interviews and three focus groups were completed. Interpretive description guided data analysis. Methodological rigor was enhanced through involving two consumer investigators in the research team, member checking, and multiple researchers completing data analysis and theme generation. Participants identified a range of factors that may influence their involvement in research partner roles. Main topics emerging from the data included "Research Is Better with Parents" and "Parents Benefit from Being Research Partners." A third, "Parents as Research Partners," contained the themes "Flexible Involvement," "Starting Partnerships," and "Building and Sustaining Partnerships." This study has provided a rich insight into how parents perceive and describe engaging as research partners. Parent-identified guidance will inform future partnerships aiming to enhance the quality of cerebral palsy research and outcomes for people with cerebral palsy and their families. The involvement of consumer investigators in this study was considered valuable for enhancing the quality and applicability of the research. Parents believed that parent partnership in research has benefits for the research and for the consumers involved. Parents provided guidance about the importance of starting, building and sustaining relationships in involving parents as research partners. Understanding the parent context, investing in relationships and acknowledgement of, and recognition for, contributions were considered important for building and sustaining effective partnerships. Flexible approaches to supporting parents as research partners was considered necessary for effective partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Defining the boundaries of disability: A critical perspective" edited by Licia Carlson and Matthew C. Murray offers various perspectives on the concept of disability in different contexts. The authors critique the commonly expressed phrase "we are all disabled" and provide examples of the ableism and underlying assumptions that it perpetuates. The book explores disability in relation to power dynamics, language, art, and the experiences of disabled individuals during the Covid-19 pandemic. While the volume heavily relies on American references, it can be adapted to the context of Aotearoa New Zealand. Overall, the book provides valuable insights for social workers and individuals working with long-term health conditions. [Extracted from the article]

To investigate if children with cerebral palsy have sustained attendance and involvement in physical activities after completing physical activity interventions. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Seven databases were searched for the period 2001–2020 with hand-searching of pertinent reference lists. Criteria for study inclusion were participants aged 0–18 years and ≥50% with cerebral palsy; follow-up ≥1 month beyond completion of the physical activity intervention; and measurement of attendance and/or involvement in any physical activity post-intervention. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessments (Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) or tool for non-randomised studies) were completed independently by paired reviewers. Results were compiled by narrative synthesis. Thirteen studies were included (11 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), two non-randomised case series; intervention sample sizes: 6–34). All study participants had cerebral palsy and were aged 4–16.7 years. PEDro scores for the RCTs ranged from 5 to 10; 10 did not blind one or more therapist, participant, or assessor. Two case series showed high risk of bias. Twelve studies reported on attendance, with positive changes in three studies. At 4–14 weeks post-intervention, two studies demonstrated positive changes were maintained. Four studies included involvement outcomes; one reporting positive changes in physical activity involvement four weeks after intervention completion. Physical activity attendance may be influenced by physical activity interventions in the short term, but more robust research designs are required to investigate whether gains can be sustained. Activity involvement, which may influence ongoing participation, is under-researched. Positive changes in attendance and involvement following physical activity interventions appear short term at best. Physical activity interventions should have longer follow-up periods to determine the effect on sustained physical activity participation. Careful selection and reporting of attendance and involvement outcome measures is required. The optimal physical activity intervention to increase attendance or involvement in physical activities remains uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Research is required to study the relationship between age of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis and the presence of comorbidities. Method: The Gastrointestinal Symptom Inventory, Autism Spectrum Disorder-Comorbid for Children, Behavior Problem Inventory-Short Form and Social Communication Questionnaire were completed by parents of 129 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of ASD. Results: Results revealed significant relationships between the age of ASD diagnosis, the presence of comorbidities and intellectual disability. Significant correlations were found between the age of ASD diagnosis and self-injurious and stereotyped behavior. Comorbid psychopathology significantly predicted the presence of GI symptoms. In addition, the relationship between comorbid psychopathology and challenging behavior in this study was reported as bi-directional as both comorbidities predicted one another in the sample. Conclusion: Future research needs to consider the role of comorbidities in relation to ASD diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of disability research and advocacy, the notion of 'cures' is contentious. Cerebral palsy (CP) is no exception. In this narrative review, we combine perspectives gained during community consultation undertaken for the Australian and New Zealand Cerebral Palsy Strategy, 2020 with those published in the scientific and grey literature to understand whether 'cures for CP' is a reasonable and appropriate goal. We frame these perspectives through the lens of several ethical principles central to the discussion. These include maintaining hope while also being realistic, sensitivity to sharply different viewpoints amongst people with disability and their families, and responding to community priorities, societal attitudes, and identity. Through this exploration of the literature and perspectives, we arrived at a definition of 'cures for CP' that is pluralized and focuses on functional improvement and/or symptom reduction whilst still acknowledging the potential for neural repair/regeneration strategies. This invited review is commented by Turner on page 8 of this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: This study explored disability community representatives' perspectives on why and how health professional education could be strengthened to address the prevalent challenges in health care experienced by disabled people. Methods: A total of 14 people from the disability community (disabled people, caregivers and disability advocates) in Auckland, New Zealand, participated in three focus groups moderated by a disabled community researcher. Audiorecordings were transcribed and analysed thematically to characterise broad themes. Findings: Participants described many barriers to health care experienced by disabled people, with service providers' inadequate knowledge of disability issues being a key contributor. Participants viewed educational approaches incorporating disabled peoples' diverse lived realities as critical to improving health system responses to these inequities. They recommended broadening concepts and teaching methods to shift common deficit framing of disability, engaging disabled people to develop and deliver curricula, improving communication, and promoting empathic provider–patient partnerships in care. Study participants strongly advocated inclusive participatory approaches across training pathways using assistive and multimedia technologies that optimise the engagement of disabled people and reduce respondent burden. Discussion: Disability community participants urged strengthening health professional training to address the prevalent inadequacies of health systems in responding to disabled people's needs. They viewed a greater awareness of the lived realities of disabled people and critical consciousness to overcome barriers to care as essential attributes of a competent workforce. These findings indicate the need to engage, empower and work in partnership with disabled people to develop reflexive health professional curricula. Core competencies should be considered mandatory given the increasing prevalence of disability globally. This study explored disability community representatives' perspectives on why and how health professional education could ... address ... challenges in health care experienced by disabled people [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein-ligand interactions are central to protein activity and cell functionality. Improved knowledge of these relationships greatly benefits our understanding of key biological processes and aids in rational drug design towards the treatment of clinically relevant diseases. Carbene footprinting is a recently developed mass spectrometry-based chemical labelling technique that provides valuable information relating to protein-ligand interactions, such as the mapping of binding sites and associated conformational change. Here, we show the application of carbene footprinting to the interaction between eIF4A helicase and a natural product inhibitor, hippuristanol, found in the coral Isis hippuris. Upon addition of hippuristanol we identified reduced carbene labelling (masking) in regions of eIF4A previously implicated in ligand binding. Additionally, we detected hippuristanol-associated increased carbene labelling (unmasking) around the flexible hinge region of eIF4A, indicating ligand-induced conformational change. This work represents further development of the carbene footprinting technique and demonstrates its potential in characterising medicinally relevant protein-ligand interactions., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)