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1. Bluetongue Virus Serotype 3 and Schmallenberg Virus in Culicoides Biting Midges, Western Germany, 2023

Author

Voigt, Anja, Kampen, Helge, Heuser, Elisa, Zeiske, Sophie, Hoffmann, Bernd, Hoper, Dirk, Holsteg, Mark, Sick, Franziska, Ziegler, Sophia, Wernike, Kerstin, Beer, Martin, and Werner, Doreen

Subjects
Diptera -- Health aspects, RNA viruses -- Health aspects -- Identification and classification -- Distribution, Ruminants -- Health aspects, Vector-borne diseases -- Distribution, Health, Company distribution practices, Identification and classification, Distribution, Health aspects
Abstract

Biting midge-borne bluetongue virus (BTV), an Orbivirus of the Sedoreoviridae family, can cause epizootic disease in domestic and wild ruminants (2). Bluetongue (BT) is a World Organisation for Animal Health-listed [...]

Published
2024
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2. Exploring a new machine learning based probabilistic model for high-resolution indoor radon mapping, using the German indoor radon survey data

Author

Petermann, Eric, Bossew, Peter, Kemski, Joachim, Gruber, Valeria, Suhr, Nils, and Hoffmann, Bernd

Subjects
Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

Radon is a carcinogenic, radioactive gas that can accumulate indoors. Therefore, accurate knowledge of indoor radon concentration is crucial for assessing radon-related health effects or identifying radon-prone areas. Indoor radon concentration at the national scale is usually estimated on the basis of extensive measurement campaigns. However, characteristics of the sample often differ from the characteristics of the population due to the large number of relevant factors that control the indoor radon concentration such as the availability of geogenic radon or floor level. Furthermore, the sample size usually does not allow estimation with high spatial resolution. We propose a model-based approach that allows a more realistic estimation of indoor radon distribution with a higher spatial resolution than a purely data-based approach. A two-stage modelling approach was applied: 1) a quantile regression forest using environmental and building data as predictors was applied to estimate the probability distribution function of indoor radon for each floor level of each residential building in Germany; (2) a probabilistic Monte Carlo sampling technique enabled the combination and population weighting of floor-level predictions. In this way, the uncertainty of the individual predictions is effectively propagated into the estimate of variability at the aggregated level. The results show an approximate lognormal distribution with an arithmetic mean of 63 Bq/m3, a geometric mean of 41 Bq/m3 and a 95 %ile of 180 Bq/m3. The exceedance probability for 100 Bq/m3 and 300 Bq/m3 are 12.5 % (10.5 million people) and 2.2 % (1.9 million people), respectively.

Published
2023

3. Lethal Borna disease virus 1 infections of humans and animals – in-depth molecular epidemiology and phylogeography

Author

Ebinger, Arnt, Santos, Pauline D., Pfaff, Florian, Dürrwald, Ralf, Kolodziejek, Jolanta, Schlottau, Kore, Ruf, Viktoria, Liesche-Starnecker, Friederike, Ensser, Armin, Korn, Klaus, Ulrich, Reiner, Fürstenau, Jenny, Matiasek, Kaspar, Hansmann, Florian, Seuberlich, Torsten, Nobach, Daniel, Müller, Matthias, Neubauer-Juric, Antonie, Suchowski, Marcel, Bauswein, Markus, Niller, Hans-Helmut, Schmidt, Barbara, Tappe, Dennis, Cadar, Daniel, Homeier-Bachmann, Timo, Haring, Viola C., Pörtner, Kirsten, Frank, Christina, Mundhenk, Lars, Hoffmann, Bernd, Herms, Jochen, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, Nowotny, Norbert, Schlegel, Jürgen, Ulrich, Rainer G., Beer, Martin, and Rubbenstroth, Dennis

Published
2024
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11. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

Author

Kuhn, Jens H, Adkins, Scott, Alioto, Daniela, Alkhovsky, Sergey V, Amarasinghe, Gaya K, Anthony, Simon J, Avšič-Županc, Tatjana, Ayllón, María A, Bahl, Justin, Balkema-Buschmann, Anne, Ballinger, Matthew J, Bartonička, Tomáš, Basler, Christopher, Bavari, Sina, Beer, Martin, Bente, Dennis A, Bergeron, Éric, Bird, Brian H, Blair, Carol, Blasdell, Kim R, Bradfute, Steven B, Breyta, Rachel, Briese, Thomas, Brown, Paul A, Buchholz, Ursula J, Buchmeier, Michael J, Bukreyev, Alexander, Burt, Felicity, Buzkan, Nihal, Calisher, Charles H, Cao, Mengji, Casas, Inmaculada, Chamberlain, John, Chandran, Kartik, Charrel, Rémi N, Chen, Biao, Chiumenti, Michela, Choi, Il-Ryong, Clegg, J Christopher S, Crozier, Ian, da Graça, John V, Dal Bó, Elena, Dávila, Alberto MR, de la Torre, Juan Carlos, de Lamballerie, Xavier, de Swart, Rik L, Di Bello, Patrick L, Di Paola, Nicholas, Di Serio, Francesco, Dietzgen, Ralf G, Digiaro, Michele, Dolja, Valerian V, Dolnik, Olga, Drebot, Michael A, Drexler, Jan Felix, Dürrwald, Ralf, Dufkova, Lucie, Dundon, William G, Duprex, W Paul, Dye, John M, Easton, Andrew J, Ebihara, Hideki, Elbeaino, Toufic, Ergünay, Koray, Fernandes, Jorlan, Fooks, Anthony R, Formenty, Pierre BH, Forth, Leonie F, Fouchier, Ron AM, Freitas-Astúa, Juliana, Gago-Zachert, Selma, Gāo, George Fú, García, María Laura, García-Sastre, Adolfo, Garrison, Aura R, Gbakima, Aiah, Goldstein, Tracey, Gonzalez, Jean-Paul J, Griffiths, Anthony, Groschup, Martin H, Günther, Stephan, Guterres, Alexandro, Hall, Roy A, Hammond, John, Hassan, Mohamed, Hepojoki, Jussi, Hepojoki, Satu, Hetzel, Udo, Hewson, Roger, Hoffmann, Bernd, Hongo, Seiji, Höper, Dirk, Horie, Masayuki, Hughes, Holly R, Hyndman, Timothy H, Jambai, Amara, Jardim, Rodrigo, Jiāng, Dàohóng, Jin, Qi, and Jonson, Gilda B

Subjects
Biotechnology, Mononegavirales, Terminology as Topic, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Virology
Abstract

In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

Published
2020

13. Nanoscale topography and poroelastic properties of model tissue breast gland basement membranes

Author

Fabris, Gloria, Lucantonio, Alessandro, Hampe, Nico, Noetzel, Erik, Hoffmann, Bernd, DeSimone, Antonio, and Merkel, Rudolf

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs
Abstract

Basement membranes (BMs) are thin layers of condensed extracellular matrix proteins serving as permeability filters, cellular anchoring sites, and barriers against cancer cell invasion. It is believed that their biomechanical properties play a crucial role in determining cellular behavior and response, especially in mechanically active tissues like breast glands. In spite of this, so far relatively little attention has been dedicated to their analysis due to the difficulty of isolating and handling such thin layers of material. Here, we isolated basement membranes derived from MCF10A spheroids - 3D breast glands model systems mimicking in-vitro the most relevant phenotypic characteristics of human breast lobules - and characterized them by atomic force microscopy (AFM), enhanced resolution confocal microscopy (LSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By performing AFM height-clamp experiments, we obtained force relaxation curves that offered the first biomechanical data on isolated breast gland BMs. Based on LSM and SEM imaging data, we modeled the system as a polymer network immersed in liquid and described it as a poroelastic material. Finite Element (FE) simulations matching the experimental force relaxation curves allowed for the first quantification of the bulk and shear moduli of the membrane, as well as its water permeability. These results represent a first step towards a deeper understanding of the mechanism of tensional homeostasis regulating mammary gland activity, as well as its disruption during processes of membrane breaching and metastatic invasion.

Published
2018
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14. Early Blood–Brain Barrier Impairment as a Pathological Hallmark in a Novel Model of Closed-Head Concussive Brain Injury (CBI) in Mice

Author

Blaschke, Stefan J., primary, Rautenberg, Nora, additional, Endepols, Heike, additional, Jendro, Aileen, additional, Konrad, Jens, additional, Vlachakis, Susan, additional, Wiedermann, Dirk, additional, Schroeter, Michael, additional, Hoffmann, Bernd, additional, Merkel, Rudolf, additional, Marklund, Niklas, additional, Fink, Gereon R., additional, and Rueger, Maria A., additional

Published
2024
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18. Enhanced fitness of SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern Alpha but not Beta

Author

Ulrich, Lorenz, Halwe, Nico Joel, Taddeo, Adriano, Ebert, Nadine, Schön, Jacob, Devisme, Christelle, Trüeb, Bettina Salome, Hoffmann, Bernd, Wider, Manon, Fan, Xiaoyu, Bekliz, Meriem, Essaidi-Laziosi, Manel, Schmidt, Marie Luisa, Niemeyer, Daniela, Corman, Victor Max, Kraft, Anna, Godel, Aurélie, Laloli, Laura, Kelly, Jenna N., Calderon, Brenda M., Breithaupt, Angele, Wylezich, Claudia, Berenguer Veiga, Inês, Gultom, Mitra, Osman, Sarah, Zhou, Bin, Adea, Kenneth, Meyer, Benjamin, Eberhardt, Christiane S., Thomann, Lisa, Gsell, Monika, Labroussaa, Fabien, Jores, Jörg, Summerfield, Artur, Drosten, Christian, Eckerle, Isabella Anne, Wentworth, David E., Dijkman, Ronald, Hoffmann, Donata, Thiel, Volker, Beer, Martin, and Benarafa, Charaf

Published
2022
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19. The spike gene is a major determinant for the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-BA.1 phenotype

Author

Barut, G. Tuba, Halwe, Nico Joel, Taddeo, Adriano, Kelly, Jenna N., Schön, Jacob, Ebert, Nadine, Ulrich, Lorenz, Devisme, Christelle, Steiner, Silvio, Trüeb, Bettina Salome, Hoffmann, Bernd, Veiga, Inês Berenguer, Leborgne, Nathan Georges François, Moreira, Etori Aguiar, Breithaupt, Angele, Wylezich, Claudia, Höper, Dirk, Wernike, Kerstin, Godel, Aurélie, Thomann, Lisa, Flück, Vera, Stalder, Hanspeter, Brügger, Melanie, Esteves, Blandina I. Oliveira, Zumkehr, Beatrice, Beilleau, Guillaume, Kratzel, Annika, Schmied, Kimberly, Ochsenbein, Sarah, Lang, Reto M., Wider, Manon, Machahua, Carlos, Dorn, Patrick, Marti, Thomas M., Funke-Chambour, Manuela, Rauch, Andri, Widera, Marek, Ciesek, Sandra, Dijkman, Ronald, Hoffmann, Donata, Alves, Marco P., Benarafa, Charaf, Beer, Martin, and Thiel, Volker

Published
2022
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23. Monitoring of Astroviruses, Brno-Hantaviruses, Coronaviruses, Influenza Viruses, Bornaviruses, Morbilliviruses, Lyssaviruses and Pestiviruses in Austrian Bats.

Author

Fereidouni, Sasan, Keleş, Sinan Julian, Schlottau, Kore, Bagó, Zoltán, Reiter, Guido, Milchram, Markus, and Hoffmann, Bernd

Subjects
INFLUENZA viruses, ASTROVIRUSES, RHABDOVIRUSES, MORBILLIVIRUSES, ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES, CORONAVIRUSES
Abstract

Here, we report the results of a monitoring study of bat viruses in Austria to strengthen the knowledge of circulating viruses in Austrian bat populations. In this study, we analyzed 618 oropharyngeal and rectal swab samples from 309 bats and 155 pooled tissue samples from dead bats. Samples were collected from 18 different bat species from multiple locations in Austria, from November 2015 to April 2018, and examined for astroviruses, bornaviruses, coronaviruses, hantaviruses, morbilliviruses, orthomyxoviruses (influenza A/C/D viruses), pestiviruses and rhabdoviruses (lyssaviruses) using molecular techniques and sequencing. Using RT-qPCR, 36 samples revealed positive or suspicious results for astroviruses, Brno-hantaviruses, and coronaviruses in nine different bat species. Further sequencing revealed correspondent sequences in five samples. In contrast, none of the tested samples was positive for influenza viruses A/C/D, bornaviruses, morbilliviruses, lyssaviruses, or pestiviruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Bovine Ephemeral Fever Viruses in Israel 2014–2023: Genetic Characterization of Local and Emerging Strains.

Author

Golender, Natalia, Hoffmann, Bernd, Kenigswald, Gabriel, Scheinin, Shani, Kedmi, Maor, Gleser, Dan, and Klement, Eyal

Subjects
VIRUS diseases, SYMPTOMS, CATTLE, BLUETONGUE, BOS
Abstract

Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease, which frequently causes significant epizootics in susceptible water buffalo and cattle in Africa, Australia, Asia and the Middle East. In the current study, a two-stage protocol for BEFV viral isolation was developed. Data on the clinical signs, geographic distribution and phylogenetic analysis of BEFV strains isolated in Israel in 2015, 2018, 2021 and 2023 were summarized. It was found that during 2015–2021, all BEF outbreaks were caused by local BEFV strains, whereas the epizootic of BEFV in 2023 was caused by a new "Mayotte-like" BEFV strain. A comparison of bluetongue (BT) and BEF outbreaks during 2023 in Israel demonstrated that the incidence of BEFV was 2.21 times higher and its pathogenicity was more serious for the cattle population compared to that caused by BTVs. A phylogenetic analysis of Israeli and global BEFV revealed the emergence of non-local strains in new areas. This finding suggests that BEFV can no longer be classified based only upon geographic distribution. Considering a phylogenetic, genetic and proteomic analysis of all available BEFV strains, we suggest classifying them as a single serotype, which includes four lineages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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25. Prevalence of tick-borne bacterial pathogens in Germany--has the situation changed after a decade?

Author

Mertens-Scholz, Katja, Hoffmann, Bernd, Gethmann, Jörn M., Brangsch, Hanka, Pletz, Mathias W., and Klaus, Christine

Subjects
COXIELLA burnetii, CASTOR bean tick, TICK-borne diseases, ANAPLASMA phagocytophilum, HEALTH risk assessment, RICKETTSIA
Abstract

Introduction: Tick-borne pathogens, such as Borreliella spp., Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasma spp., are frequently detected in Germany. They circulate between animals and tick vectors and can cause mild to severe diseases in humans. Knowledge about distribution and prevalence of these pathogens over time is important for risk assessment of human and animal health. Methods: Ixodes ricinus nymphs were collected at different locations in 2009/2010 and 2019 in Germany and analyzed for tick-borne pathogens by real-time PCR and sequencing. Results: Borreliella spp. were detected with a prevalence of 11.96% in 2009/2010 and 13.10% in 2019 with B. afzelii and B. garinii as dominant species. Borrelia miyamotoi was detected in seven ticks and in coinfection with B. afzelii or B. garinii. Rickettsia spp. showed a prevalence of 8.82% in 2009/2010 and 1.68% in 2019 with the exclusive detection of R. helvetica. The prevalence of Anaplasma spp. was 1.00% in 2009/2010 and 7.01% in 2019. A. phagocytophilum was detected in seven tick samples. None of the nymphs were positive for C. burnetii. Discussion: Here, observed changes in prevalence were not significant after a decade but require longitudinal observations including parameters like host species and density, climatic factors to improve our understanding of tickborne diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. Emergence of bluetongue virus serotype 3 in western Germany, October 2023, and ad-hoc monitoring in Culicoides biting midges

Author

Voigt, Anja, primary, Kampen, Helge, additional, Heuser, Elisa, additional, Zeiske, Sophie, additional, Hoffmann, Bernd, additional, Hoeper, Dirk, additional, Holsteg, Mark, additional, Sick, Franziska, additional, Ziegler, Sophia, additional, Wernike, Kerstin, additional, Beer, Martin, additional, and Werner, Doreen, additional

Published
2024
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30. Measuring cellular traction forces on non-planar substrates

Author

Soine, Jerome R., Hersch, Nils, Dreissen, Georg, Hampe, Nico, Hoffmann, Bernd, Merkel, Rudolf, and Schwarz, Ulrich S.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Animal cells use traction forces to sense the mechanics and geometry of their environment. Measuring these traction forces requires a workflow combining cell experiments, image processing and force reconstruction based on elasticity theory. Such procedures have been established before mainly for planar substrates, in which case one can use the Green's function formalism. Here we introduce a worksflow to measure traction forces of cardiac myofibroblasts on non-planar elastic substrates. Soft elastic substrates with a wave-like topology were micromolded from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and fluorescent marker beads were distributed homogeneously in the substrate. Using feature vector based tracking of these marker beads, we first constructed a hexahedral mesh for the substrate. We then solved the direct elastic boundary volume problem on this mesh using the finite element method (FEM). Using data simulations, we show that the traction forces can be reconstructed from the substrate deformations by solving the corresponding inverse problem with a L1-norm for the residue and a L2-norm for 0th order Tikhonov regularization. Applying this procedure to the experimental data, we find that cardiac myofibroblast cells tend to align both their shapes and their forces with the long axis of the deformable wavy substrate., Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures

Published
2016
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33. SARS-CoV-2 spike D614G change enhances replication and transmission

Author

Zhou, Bin, Thao, Tran Thi Nhu, Hoffmann, Donata, Taddeo, Adriano, Ebert, Nadine, Labroussaa, Fabien, Pohlmann, Anne, King, Jacqueline, Steiner, Silvio, Kelly, Jenna N., Portmann, Jasmine, Halwe, Nico Joel, Ulrich, Lorenz, Trüeb, Bettina Salome, Fan, Xiaoyu, Hoffmann, Bernd, Wang, Li, Thomann, Lisa, Lin, Xudong, Stalder, Hanspeter, Pozzi, Berta, de Brot, Simone, Jiang, Nannan, Cui, Dan, Hossain, Jaber, Wilson, Malania M., Keller, Matthew W., Stark, Thomas J., Barnes, John R., Dijkman, Ronald, Jores, Joerg, Benarafa, Charaf, Wentworth, David E., Thiel, Volker, and Beer, Martin

Published
2021
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38. Lethal Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) infections of humans and animals – in-depth molecular epidemiology and phylogeography

Author

Rubbenstroth, Dennis, primary, Ebinger, Arnt, additional, Santos, Pauline, additional, Pfaff, Florian, additional, Dürrwald, Ralf, additional, Kolodziejek, Jolanta, additional, Schlottau, Kore, additional, Ruf, Viktoria, additional, Liesche-Starnecker, Friederike, additional, Ensser, Armin, additional, Korn, Klaus, additional, Ulrich, Reiner, additional, Fürstenau, Jenny, additional, Matiasek, Kaspar, additional, Hansmann, Florian, additional, Seuberlich, Torsten, additional, Nobach, Daniel, additional, Müller, Matthias, additional, Neubauer-Juric, Antonie, additional, Suchowski, Marcel, additional, Bauswein, Markus, additional, Niller, Hans-Helmut, additional, Schmidt, Barbara, additional, Tappe, Dennis, additional, Cadar, Daniel, additional, Homeier-Bachmann, Timo, additional, Haring, Viola, additional, Pörtner, Kirsten, additional, Frank, Christina, additional, Mundhenk, Lars, additional, Hoffmann, Bernd, additional, Herms, Jochen, additional, Baumgärtner, Wolfgang, additional, Nowotny, Norbert, additional, Schlegel, Jürgen, additional, Ulrich, Rainer G., additional, and Beer, Martin, additional

Published
2023
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39. CVnCoV and CV2CoV protect human ACE2 transgenic mice from ancestral B BavPat1 and emerging B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2

Author

Hoffmann, Donata, Corleis, Björn, Rauch, Susanne, Roth, Nicole, Mühe, Janine, Halwe, Nico Joel, Ulrich, Lorenz, Fricke, Charlie, Schön, Jacob, Kraft, Anna, Breithaupt, Angele, Wernike, Kerstin, Michelitsch, Anna, Sick, Franziska, Wylezich, Claudia, Hoffmann, Bernd, Thran, Moritz, Thess, Andreas, Mueller, Stefan O., Mettenleiter, Thomas C., Petsch, Benjamin, Dorhoi, Anca, and Beer, Martin

Published
2021
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